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Results for “hostility”

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PubMed1991

Positron-emission tomographic studies of the relationship of cerebral glucose metabolism and the magnitude of anxiety and hostility experienced during dreaming and waking.

The authors examined correlations between anxiety and hostility levels experienced during wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) dreaming, nonrapid eye movement (NREM) mentation (as assessed by the Gottschalk-Gleser Content Analysis Scales), and cerebral glucose metabolism as measured by positron-emission tomography (PET) in 30 normal volunteers. Different cerebral areas showed significant correlations for anxiety and six anxiety subscales, hostility outward, hostility inward, and ambivalent hostility, as assessed by the patterns of significant positive or negative correlations found with the activation of these emotions. Significant correlations occurred more often in waking and REM dreaming subjects than NREM subjects and were more common in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes than in the occipital lobe. Correlations tended to be positive for waking subjects and negative for REM subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Hostile sexism, type of rape, and self-reported rape proclivity within a sample of Zimbabwean males.

The role of hostile sexism in accounting for rape proclivity among men was investigated using a sample of Zimbabwean students. Participants were presented with either an acquaintance rape or a stranger rape scenario and asked to respond to five questions about the scenario designed to assess rape proclivity. As expected, a significant relationship between hostile sexism and rape proclivity was obtained in the acquaintance rape but not the stranger rape condition. These results replicate previous research and suggest that hostile sexists are more likely to express their hostility toward women in situations where such behavior might be perceived as acceptable.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Relationships between measures of direct and indirect hostility and self-destructive behaviour by hospitalized schizophrenics.

To test the hypothesis that suicidal and self-destructive behaviour correlate with subjective and objective measures of hostility and violence, these behaviours in hospitalized schizophrenics were correlated to self-report (Buss-Durkee) and observer-rated (Lion Scale) measures. Self-destructive acts were significantly correlated with six of the seven of the Buss-Durkee self-report hostility subscales. The observed measures of hostility and violence correlated with seclusion and with restraint as a self-protective measure. Neither the Lion nor the Buss-Durkee measures correlated with depression measures. Thus, our data indicate that self-destructive acts in hospitalized schizophrenics may be better predicted by feelings of anger and hostility than by depression, a finding with relevance for clinicians who treat schizophrenic patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Nonadditive genetic effects on hostility in South Korean adolescent and young adult twins.

Hostility has been shown to be a vulnerability marker for various health problems. The present study examined genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in hostility in South Korean adolescent and young adult twins. Seven hundred and nineteen same- and opposite-sex twin pairs aged from 13 to 23 years completed a hostility scale. The scalar sex-limitation model was applied to the data. The best fitting model indicated that 34% of the total variation of hostility was attributable to genetic factors operating in a nonadditive manner. The remaining 66% of the variance was associated with nonshared environmental influences and measurement error. These findings were largely consistent with results from previous twin studies of personality based on Caucasian twins, rendering support for the pervasive influence of genetic nonadditivity on human personality traits and the generalization of the heritability of personality across human populations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Violence and hostility among families of Vietnam veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

The current study provides a portrait of emotional-behavioral functioning within a small sample of Vietnam veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), their partners, and older adolescent and adult children. Veterans, their partners and children reported moderate-low to moderate-high levels of violent behavior. In addition, partner and veteran hostility scores were elevated relative to gender and age matched norms. Partners also reported heightened levels of psychological maltreatment by veterans. Veterans' combat exposure was positively correlated with hostility and violent behavior among children but unrelated to partner variables. Veterans' reports of PTSD symptoms were positively associated with reports of hostility and violence among children, and hostility and general psychological distress among partners. Veterans' violent behavior was also positively correlated with children's violent behavior, but did not yield significant correlations with other child or partner variables. Findings are discussed in relation to prior work and directions for future research are addressed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Hostility of asocial youth as measured by the TAT and Rorschach.

23 boys and 13 girls, aged 13 to 17 yr., from two homes for delinquents were given the Thematic Apperception Test. Girls were also given the Rorschach. The 1960 Hafner and Kaplan TAT and Rorschach hostility indices were related to the 1977 Luukkonen indices (aggression-inward, aggression-outward, fantasy-aggression, oral, anal and phallic content), to the Pruitt and Spilka empathy index, and to the Neiger reality index. The TAT hostility index for boys was significantly higher than that for girls; boys expressed more physical and girls more verbal hostility in TAT stories. On the Rorschach, aggression outward and inward correlated significantly with Rorschach hostility, phallic and oral themes.

Acting Out↗

PubMed1991

Cook-Medley hostility, anger, and the Type A behavior pattern in Finland.

According to research, hostility is a reliable predictor of coronary heart disease. Cook-Medley-defined hostility in particular has been seen as a significant precursor of coronary disease. It is important to specify the kind of hostility measured by the Cook-Medley scale. The present study examined the construct validity of the Cook-Medley scale for a sample of 219 university students in Finland, a country with a high incidence of coronary heart disease. The results supported the interpretation of the Cook-Medley scale primarily as a measure of cynicism and distrust. On the basis of our previous research, a subscale of the Cook-Medley scale was formed. This 9-item scale, a measure of Cynical Distrust, correlated positively with cynicism and negatively with trust. Moreover, the over-all pattern of correlations between the new 9-item factor, cynical distrust, and other variables assessing hostility, anger, and trust, was similar to the one obtained for our previous sample of students. It is suggested that this new 9-item scale is a shorter and more specific alternative to the longer Cook-Medley scale as a measure of cynical distrust.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Efficacy of ziprasidone against hostility in schizophrenia: Post hoc analysis of randomized, open-label study data.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of sequential intramuscular/oral ziprasi-done on hostility. METHOD: A total of 572 inpatients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were the subjects in a randomized, rater-blinded, 6-week, open-label study comparing sequential intramuscular and oral ziprasidone with haloperidol. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was the principal outcome measure. To determine the effect of ziprasidone on hostility, post hoc analyses of scores on the hostility item from the BPRS were conducted. Introducing positive symptoms and akathisia as covariates tested specific antihostility effect. The study was conducted from October 23, 1998, to August 15, 2000. RESULTS: Ziprasidone demonstrated specific antihostility effects over time throughout the 42-day study period and statistically significant superiority to haloperidol on this measure in the first week of treatment (p = .0149 at first evaluation [day 1, 2, or 3]; p = .0358 at day 7). CONCLUSION: Ziprasidone is an effective treatment for hostility in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

[Construction of an inventory for assessing different modes of hostile aggression].

Hostile Aggression Inventory (HAI) was designed to assess different forms of hostile aggression. Subjects were 232 elementary school children, 195 junior, and 169 senior high school students. After item analyses, 54 items were selected from 96 items, many of which were derived from the Buss-Durkee Hostility-Guilt Inventory. The scale was divided into six subcategories: Physical violence (Pv), Hostility (Ho), Irritability (Ir), Verbal aggression (Vb), Indirect aggression (Id), and Displacement of aggression (Dp). Alpha coefficients were ranging from .68 to .83 for the subscales. The test-retest reliabilities ranged from .54 to .87 for the subscales in 83 senior high school students. Junior high school students of both sexes tended to express higher aggression than elementary school children and senior high school students do on Pv, Ho, and Id. Males obtained higher mean scores than females did on Pv, Id, Dp, and the total, but lower than females did on Ir. The findings showed that the scale possessed adequate construct validity and acceptable levels of reliability.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[The effects of unconscious processing of hostility-related words and physiological arousal upon person perception].

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the physiological arousal and the prior subconscious processing of hostility-related words upon the cognitive complexity in person perception. First, sixteen male and 16 female college students performed a cognitive task in which they processed hostility-related words or neutral words unconsciously in a high arousal or a normal arousal state. In the second ostensibly unrelated task, the subjects were presented with an ambiguous description of target person's mild hostile behavior and they were asked to rate the impression of the target person on several SD-trait scales. It was found that the higher the subjects' arousal level was, the simpler the cognitive complexity became. Also, when the subjects processed neutral words in the high arousal state, individual differences of the impression were the largest. The effects of hostility-related words to decrease the individual differences in the high arousal state, however, were not found. These results indicate that physiological arousal may have an important role in the mechanisms of social cognition.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Hostility, cultural orientation, and casual blood pressure readings in African Americans.

Evidence suggests that hostility correlates with blood pressure levels in African-American samples. However, some studies have reported an inverse relationship, while others have found the relationship between blood pressure and hostility to be positive. Other literature suggests health outcomes in general, and blood pressure in particular, are related to cultural orientation in African-American samples. In the present study, six casual measures of blood pressure and heart rate in a sample of 90 African-American college students were aggregated and correlated with measures of hostility and cultural orientation. Correlational and regression analyses revealed a weak positive relationship between hostility and systolic blood pressure. The relationships between the cardiovascular measures and cultural orientation were more consistent. The tendency to embrace mainstream Euro-American values, such as materialism, individuality, and competitiveness, was associated with more rapid heart rate and higher diastolic blood pressure levels for both men and women. The relationship between systolic blood pressure and cultural orientation emerged for men only. The findings encourage further research into the relationship between personality variables and cardiovascular activity in African-American samples.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Hostility explains some of the discrepancy between daytime ambulatory and clinic blood pressures.

The authors examined whether hostility explained the discrepancy commonly observed between clinic and daytime ambulatory blood pressures. Daytime ambulatory blood pressure (DABP) was assessed every 45 min over 6 days in healthy adults (N = 120). After controlling for demographic variables, time-varying covariates such as position and activity level, and clinic blood pressure (CBP), the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale was significantly associated with daytime ambulatory diastolic blood pressure. No support was obtained for mediation by psychological factors. Discrepancies between DABP and CBP may be due, in part, to differences in the degree to which these 2 types of measures are associated with individual differences in hostility. These results suggest that the addition of hostility to CBP may improve its predictive power.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Perceptions of stranger and acquaintance rape: the role of benevolent and hostile sexism in victim blame and rape proclivity.

In Studies 1 and 2, after reading an acquaintance-rape but not a stranger-rape scenario, higher benevolent sexist but not hostile sexist participants blamed the victim significantly more. In Study 2, higher hostile sexist but not benevolent sexist male participants showed significantly greater proclivity to commit acquaintance (but not stranger) rape. Studies 3 and 4 supported the hypothesis that the effects of benevolent sexism and hostile sexism are mediated by different perceptions of the victim, as behaving inappropriately and as really wanting sex with the rapist. These findings show that benevolent sexism and hostile sexism underpin different assumptions about women that generate sexist reactions toward rape victims.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Anxious hostile behavior as a precursor of pregnancy-induced hypertension].

In 127 healthy pregnant women of the 27th and 28th gestational week, the influence of somatic and affective disorders was investigated with regard to pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) after the 30th gestational week prospectively. The women answered a five step self-rating scale including 28 somatic and affective symptoms. The incidence of PIH achieved 12.7%. The PIH-group rated disorders significantly higher than the group without PIH (p less than 0.001). The self rated anxious hostile behaviour disorders were significantly stronger in the PIH-group than in the controls. So, in our sample anxious hostile behaviour appeared to be precursor of PIH. Somatic and affective symptoms of anxiety and hostility are provocated by adrenaline and noradrenaline typically. Catecholamines stimulate synthesis of prostaglandins, favouring PGF and TX. The resulting imbalance of prostaglandins appears to cause PIH pathognomonically. There is discussed that persisting anxious hostile behaviour is able to induce PIH by catecholamine-prostaglandin-mechanism.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

The role of maternal hostility and family environment upon cardiovascular functioning among youth two years later: socioeconomic and ethnic differences.

Two hundred sixty-eight African-American and white children and their biological mothers participated in the study. The purpose of the study was to examine the potential collective impact of maternal hostile coping styles and perceptions of family functioning upon youths' cardiovascular (CV) functioning 2.4 years later, within the context of SES and ethnicity. The mother completed a set of questionnaires that included the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and three scales from the Family Environment Scale (FES). Childrens' systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and impedance cardiography derived total peripheral resistance (TPR) was measured at rest two years later. Mothers with lower SES and African-American mothers reported higher levels of hostility compared to those with higher SES and white mothers, respectively. Lower SES mothers reported lower levels of family cohesion and expressiveness than higher SES mothers. Whites reported more family conflict and expressiveness than African Americans. African-American and lower SES youth exhibited higher SBP and DBP values than whites and higher SES youth. Among lower SES African-American youth, CV functioning tended to be impacted negatively when their mothers rated themselves high in hostility. Findings suggest that ethnicity and SES may have independent as well as interactive impacts on the influence of maternal coping styles on the CV functioning of their children, particularly those from lower SES backgrounds.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Outcomes of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with hostile neck anatomy.

PURPOSE: The principal anatomic contraindication to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVR) is an unfavorable proximal aortic neck. With increasing experience, a greater proportion of patients with unfavorable neck anatomy are being offered EVR. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes in patients with challenging proximal aortic neck anatomy. METHODS: Prospectively collected data from 147 consecutive patients who underwent EVR between December 1997 and April 2005 were supplemented with a retrospective review of medical records and radiological images. Unfavorable anatomic features were defined as neck diameter >28 mm, angulation >60 degrees, circumferential thrombus >50%, and length <10 mm. Eighty-seven patients with 0 adverse features (good necks) were compared with 60 patients with one or more adverse features (hostile necks). RESULTS: Comparing the good neck with the hostile neck group, there were no significant differences in the incidence of primary technical success (p = 0.15), intraoperative adjunctive procedures (p = 0.22), early proximal type I endoleak (<30 days) (p = 1.0), late proximal type I endoleak (>30 days) (p = 0.57), distal type I endoleak (p = 0.40), type III endoleak (p = 0.51), secondary interventions (p = 1.0), aneurysm sac expansion (p = 0.44), or 30 day mortality (p = 0.70). The good neck group had a significantly increased incidence of type II endoleak (p = 0.023). By multivariate analysis, the incidence of intraoperative adjunctive procedures was significantly increased in the presence of severe angulation (p = 0.041, OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.05-9.04). CONCLUSION: Patients with severely hostile proximal aortic neck anatomy may be treated with EVR, although severely angulated necks require additional intraoperative procedures. Early outcomes are encouraging and suggest that indications for EVR may be expanded to include patients with hostile neck anatomy.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Hostility to people with AIDS: risk perception and demographic factors.

The objectives of this investigation were to determine the associations between perception of AIDS risk, demographic and socio-economic variables and hostility to PWA's. Factor analysis and multiple regression models were used to examine telephone survey data. The principal results show a strong positive association between hostility to PWA's and perception of high AIDS risk from low-risk activities, and between hostility and: non-Hispanic respondents, low-income respondents, respondents with less than a high school education, male respondents and respondents living in rural areas. Conclusions speak for a need for understanding of the multiple outcomes of educational campaigns, pretesting of educational campaigns across multiple populations, and continued study of risk perception, hostility and the effects of stigmatization.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

From latent incubation launched into hostile symptomatic pathology: A probable survival strategy for common respiratory infectious agents.

Common respiratory infections usually show a latent incubation period, followed by an acute stage. Finally, due to new synthesis of specific antibodies, the relative microorganisms undergo a massive eradication from hostile organism. Meanwhile, clinical symptoms induced by innate immunity mechanisms during these pathologies are assumed properly as host attempts for the expulsion of infectious agents. Some studies have demonstrated the existence of immuno-modulatory abilities by different infectious agents, which can inhibit inflammatory response and the development of respective symptoms by hostile organisms, especially during incubatory period. In contrast, after the incubatory period microorganisms-induced immuno-inhibitory effects may undergo a reduction, and in the meantime clinical symptoms appear a few days before the hostile organism synthesizes specific antibodies, which can eradicate these pathogens. From the evolutionary viewpoint of microorganisms, maybe induction of pathologic symptoms even before the period of specific hostile antibody synthesis, but not at beginning of infection, could play a particular adaptive role. Such scenario first could assure a maximal multiplication for the infectious agents, whereas later attempts to support the host abandonment, even due to induction of clinical expulsive symptoms. The existence of related pathologies since ancient times leads to the suggestion that perhaps the induction of such diseases is not a purpose per se for such pathogens, but rather an instrument to provide for host abandonment on time to catch a next one, assuring therefore maximal successive reproduction.

Animals↗