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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Diagnosis of congenital heart malformations--possibilities for the employment of telepathology.

GOAL: In a study of 10 autopsy cases with congenital cardiac malformations we investigated whether obtaining a second opinion by means of telepathology could satisfy quality standards for the diagnosis of cardiac malformations and what the advantages and disadvantages of such a procedure might be. MATERIAL: The investigatory samples were 10 formalin-fixed hearts with complex malformations from 9 fetuses and one newborn on which autopsies had been performed at the Pathological Institute of the Charité Hospital. The requests for a second opinion, which included text and image data, were sent in the form of Microsoft PowerPoint presentations to 5 experts in 4 countries. Per case the number of images that were sent was between 3 and 7. The size of the files was between 439 and 942 kb. The time required for preparation of the cases for sending them to the specialists was between 1 and 2 hours: this encompassed the time for putting the notation on the images, compressing them, creating a file that included both the images and the clinical data and then sending the case file. RESULTS: All 10 cardiac malformations were correctly identified. In 8 of the 10 cases at least one expert had questions. After these questions had been answered and further images had been sent final correct diagnoses were made in all cases. All experts said that the quality of the images was very good. Use of a standardized findings questionnaire, which also included the marking of anatomic structures and of pathological findings in the images, proved useful. Standardized findings forms facilitate orientation during interpretation of the cases and should be used generally to avoid misunderstandings in telepathological communication. CONCLUSIONS: In general it is possible to obtain an effective and reliable diagnosis of congenital heart malformations by means of telepathology. It is far quicker to get a second opinion by this means than by conventional means.

Autopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoplastic vs inflammatory meningeal enhancement with Gd-DTPA.

We studied 40 consecutive patients clinically suspected of having meningeal disease, in whom both Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) examinations and CSF or surgical pathologic samples were obtained. The MR examinations were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of abnormal meningeal enhancement, as well as pattern and site of enhancement. The MR findings correctly correlated with pathology results in 15 of 19 patients with suspected tumor involvement (including one true negative) and in 18 of 21 patients with suspected inflammatory meningeal conditions (including 2 true negatives). Pial enhancement was demonstrated in 62% (10 of 16) of patients with meningitis and in 29% (4 of 14) of patients with meningeal neoplastic involvement. A diffuse meningeal distribution was commonly present with inflammatory conditions (69%, 11 of 16). A nodular appearance was seen in two patients with tumor involvement of the meninges as well as in a single case of sarcoidosis but was not seen with infectious meningitis. Our data suggest that Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging is sensitive to the presence of meningeal pathology but is nonspecific as to disease entity. Recognition of certain MR patterns in conjunction with clinical presentation may improve diagnosis and management of patients with suspected meningeal disease.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2006

The comparative study of magnetic resonance angiography diagnosis and pathology of blunt vertebral artery injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Observational and comparative study of the vertebral artery injury detected by 2-dimensional (2-D) time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for admitting patients. Construct a strike-induced flexion injury model of cervical spine with blunt vertebral artery injury in dogs. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the value of MRA for diagnosing vertebral artery injury in cervical spinal trauma patients, and conduct a comparative study of MRA image and pathology of blunt vertebral artery injury in an animal experiment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The 2-D time-of-flight MRA is the most important method for diagnosing vertebral artery injury. However, there is still controversy over MRA's accuracy in detecting vertebral artery injury of varying degrees. In addition, to our knowledge, no animal studies regarding this subject have been found in the literature so far. METHODS: In a clinical study, 319 patients with close cervical spinal trauma underwent 2-D time-of-flight MRA prospective examination. The 2-D time-of-flight MRA detected vertebral artery injury in 52 of the 319 subjects. Of the 52 patients, 51 had unilateral vertebral artery injuries, including 22 injuries on the left vertebral artery and 29 on the right vertebral artery. One case involved bilateral vertebral artery injury. In an animal experiment, the strike-induced flexion injury model of cervical spine was constructed based on an animal experiment with 26 adult dogs. A radiograph was taken immediately after injury, and 2-D time-of-flight MRA was taken in 24-36 hours. The vertebral artery sample was then harvested for pathologic examination. RESULTS: In the animal experiment, cervical facet dislocation occurred in 14 of the 26 dogs. Of the 26 dogs, 7 had unilateral vertebral artery injury as detected by MRA. There were 2 dogs that had incomplete blood flow imaging on one side of the vertebral artery, which MRA diagnosed as suspect positive. There were no vertebral artery injuries in the other 17 dogs. The vertebral artery sample of all 26 dogs underwent the pathologic study. Of the 7 dogs with positive MRA, 4 had disruption of the intima and media, and 3 had disruption of the intima. Of the 2 dogs with suspicious positive MRA diagnosis, 1 had no intima injury, while the other had intima disruption and late mural thrombus. There was no intima injury in the 17 dogs with negative MRA findings. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-D time-of-flight MRA is an effective diagnostic method for blunt vertebral artery injury. It may have difficulties differentiating spasm, small disruption of the intima from others under certain conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Field strength and dose dependence of contrast enhancement by gadolinium-based MR contrast agents.

The relaxivities r1 and r2 of magnetic resonance contrast agents and the T1 relaxation time values of tissues are strongly field dependent. We present quantitative data and simulations of different gadolinium-based extracellular fluid contrast agents and the modulation of their contrast enhancement by the magnetic field to be able to answer the following questions: How are the dose and field dependences of their contrast enhancement? Is there an interrelationship between dose and field dependence? Should one increase or decrease doses at specific fields? Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion data were acquired for the following contrast agents: gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadoterate meglumine, gadodiamide injection, and gadoteridol injection, as well as for several normal and pathological human tissue samples. The magnetic field range stretched from 0.0002 to 4.7 T, including the entire clinical imaging range. The data acquired were then fitted with the appropriate theoretical models. The combination of the diamagnetic relaxation rates (R1 = 1/T1 and R2 = 1/T2) of tissues with the respective paramagnetic contributions of the contrast agents allowed the prediction of image contrast at any magnetic field. The results revealed a nearly identical field and dose-dependent increase of contrast enhancement induced by these contrast agents within a certain dose range. The target tissue concentration (TTC) was an important though nonlinear factor for enhancement. The currently recommended dose of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight seems to be a compromise close to the lower limits of diagnostically sufficient contrast enhancement for clinical imaging at all field strengths. At low field contrast enhancement might be insufficient. Adjustment of dose or concentration, or a new class of contrast agents with optimized relaxivity, would be a valuable contribution to a better diagnostic yield of contrast enhancement at all fields.

Brain↗
PubMed2005

Rates of reexcision for breast cancer after magnetic resonance imaging-guided bracket wire localization.

BACKGROUND: We performed this study to determine rates of close or transected cancer margins after magnetic resonance imaging-guided bracket wire localization for nonpalpable breast lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Of 243 women undergoing MRI-guided wire localizations, 26 had MRI bracket wire localization to excise either a known cancer (n = 19) or a suspicious MRI-detected lesion (n = 7). We reviewed patient age, preoperative diagnosis, operative intent, mammographic breast density, MRI lesion size, MRI enhancement curve and morphology, MRI Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment code, number of bracket wires, and pathology size. We analyzed these findings for their relationship to obtaining clear margins at first operative excision. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 26 (81%) patients had cancer. Of 21 patients with cancer, 12 (57%) had negative margins at first excision and 9 (43%) had close/transected margins. MRI size > or = 4 cm was associated with a higher reexcision rate (7 of 9, 78%) than those < 4 cm (2 of 12, 17%) (p = 0.009). MRI BI-RADS score, enhancement curve, morphology, and preoperative core biopsy demonstrating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were not predictive of reexcision. The average number of wires used for bracketing increased with lesion size, but was not associated with improved outcomes. On pathology, cancer size was smaller in patients with negative margins (12 patients, 1.2 cm) than in those with close/transected margins (9 patients, 4.6 cm) (p < 0.001). Reexcision was based on close/transected margins involving DCIS alone (6, 67%), infiltrating ductal carcinoma and DCIS (2, 22%), or infiltrating ductal carcinoma alone (1, 11%). Reexcision pathology demonstrated DCIS (3, 33%), no residual cancer (5, 55%), and 1 patient was lost to followup (1, 11%). Interestingly, cancer patients who required reexcision were younger (p = 0.022), but breast density was not associated with reexcision. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of MRI-guided bracket wire localization. Patients with MRI-detected lesions less than 4 cm had clear margins at first excision; larger MRI-detected lesions were more likely to have close/transected margins. Reexcision was often because of DCIS and was the only pathology found at reexcision, perhaps because MRI is more sensitive for detecting invasive carcinoma than DCIS.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Potential for qualitative diagnosis of tumors and tumorous lesions in the liver with Tc-99m-GSA SPECT--correlation with pathological evaluation and MRI findings.

To evaluate the effect of technetium-99m-labeled DTPA-galactosyl human serum albumin (Tc-99m-GSA) SPECT imaging for qualitative diagnosis of hepatic lesions. The subjects were 29 patients with pathologically confirmed hepatic lesions (21 malignant and 8 benign lesions). SPECT data were obtained at about 30 minutes after injecting 185 MBq (5 mCi) of Tc-99m-GSA. The GSA SPECT findings were compared with those of pathological evaluation and T2-weighted MR images (T2WI). Of 29 lesions, 17 showed decreased accumulation, and three exhibited increased accumulation. The other nine lesions were undetectable. The malignant lesions which showed increased accumulation were all well differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). One of the eight benign lesions exhibited increased accumulation. The three lesions which showed increased accumulation of GSA exhibited hypointensity on T2WI, whereas the malignant lesions which showed decreased accumulation of GSA exhibited hyperintensity on T2WI. The GSA SPECT findings correlate well with those of T2WI. GSA SPECT may be useful for qualitative diagnosis of focal liver lesions. If a lesion is suspected of being HCC, increased accumulation may indicate well differentiated HCC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of severity of cardiac rejection in heterotopic heart transplantation using indium-111 antimyosin and magnetic resonance imaging.

Seven canine donor hearts in which atrial septal defect and tricuspid regurgitation had previously been produced were heterotopically transplanted into the recipients' chest cavities. Indium-111 antimyosin myocardial imaging of the excised heart was performed using a scinticamera. Magnetic resonance imaging was also performed and the T2 relaxation time calculated. Subsequently, these data were correlated with pathological findings, which indicated the degree of rejection. Indium-111 antimyosin uptake was high in moderate and severe rejection, but the T2 relaxation time was prolonged even in mild rejection. Thus indium-111 antimyosin uptake was specific, and the T2 relaxation time was sensitive, for detecting the severity and extent of cardiac rejection. Although ex vivo experimental results have been reported, these new methods allow characterisation and accurate evaluation of myocardial tissue undergoing cardiac rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Thin-section CT obtained at 10-mm increments versus limited three-level thin-section CT for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: correlation with pathologic scoring.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine if three-level thin-section CT depicts idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathology as accurately as CT obtained at 10-mm increments throughout the entire lungs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thin-section (1.0- to 1.5-mm) images at 10-mm increments were obtained and scored prospectively in 25 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IPF who were participating in a Special Center of Research grant for interstitial lung disease. Each patient's lobe was scored by four thoracic radiologists on a scale of 0-5 for both ground-glass attenuation and fibrosis. The radiologists used three images (limited CT) and also used the entire data set (complete CT). CT scores were compared with pathology scores from 67 open and thoracoscopic biopsies. Limited and complete scores were compared with each other (Pearson correlation coefficient). Interobserver variation in the CT scoring system was assessed using kappa values. RESULTS: CT fibrosis scores strongly correlated with pathology fibrosis scores for complete (r = .53, p = .0001) and limited (r = .50, p = .0001) CT. CT ground-glass scores correlated with the histologic inflammatory scores for each lobe on complete (r = .27, p = .03) and limited (r = .26, p = .03) CT. The desquamative subcomponent of the pathology inflammatory score had the highest correlation with the CT ground-glass scores (complete: r = .29, p = .01; limited: r = .33, p = .007). Good interobserver agreement existed for both the alveolar and fibrosis components of the CT scoring system (kappa values ranging from .51 to .83) for each lobe of the lung on limited and complete CT. CONCLUSION: Limited thin-section CT reveals the pathologic changes associated with IPF as well as CT obtained at 10-mm increments. An added advantage of limited thin-section CT is that it exposes patients to less radiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic area. Preliminary results].

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is chiefly characterized by its natural contrast and by its capability of producing images in the three spatial directions. Although nearly all pathological tumors have prolonged T1 and T2 relaxation times and therefore it seems to be difficult to distinguish them one from another, significant pathological particularities can be obtained by comparing T1 and T2 weighted images. MRI is of particular interest to provide morphologic data and to demonstrate the relationship of tumors to vascular axes. Furthermore information in three dimensions (scans along transaxial, sagittal and coronal planes) is compared to produce a detailed morphological analysis of the tumor and of the adjacent structures. 0,5 T imaging was performed in 25 patients with pathologic pelvis and in 5 normal volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Efficacy of contrast-enhanced MR imaging in cardiomyopathy: an experimental study using Bio14.6 hamsters.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in Bio14.6 hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gated gradient-echo T1-weighted images and spin-echo images with gadopentetate dimeglumine enhancement (0.2 mmol/kg) were obtained. RESULTS: Myocardial enhancement persisted for 13 minutes after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and myocardial signal intensity peaked at 13 minutes on gradient-echo T1-weighted images. The enhanced areas were greater in Bio14.6 hamsters at 25-42 weeks than at 10 weeks. Pathologic data revealed enhancement with inflammation at 10 weeks and fibrosis with vessel proliferation at 25-42 weeks. Pathologic fibrotic change was greater at 32-42 weeks than at 10 weeks. The myocardium of 42-week-old Bio14.6 hamsters showed remarkable contrast enhancement, which continued for 13 minutes. There was no correlation between gadolinium enhancement and pathologic findings in the evaluation of myocardial degeneration and fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging was useful for estimating myocardial fibrotic changes with vessel proliferation and myocardial damage.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

CT of congenital heart disease: normal anatomy and typical pathologic conditions.

Computed tomography (CT) plays an important supplementary role in the evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Fast multisection spiral CT can be used to obtain isotropic volume data, and high-quality two- and three-dimensional multiplanar reformatted images can be created to accurately and systematically delineate the normal and pathologic morphologic features of the cardiovascular system. CT may be technically challenging and demanding in uncooperative young children. However, it can be used to systematically evaluate the aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, cardiac chambers and ventriculoarterial connection, relationship between the upper lobe bronchi and pulmonary arteries, coronary artery, valves, systemic veins (superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, hepatic veins), and visceral situs with a step-by-step approach. This approach may be helpful in understanding the anatomy of the cardiovascular system in CHD patients. CT has both advantages and disadvantages in evaluating patients with CHD. Nevertheless, it is useful in this setting, and radiologists who perform CT in young children with CHD should be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of CT and with the normal anatomy and typical pathologic conditions in affected patients.

Aortography↗
PubMed1997

The impact of inefficient clinical diagnosis on the cost of managing low back pain.

The clinical examination remains the pivotal factor in evaluating low back pain (LBP) for decisions concerning compensation and rehabilitation. Many practitioners believe it to be highly reliable, even though existing literature does not support this belief. Not only are there no data supporting the efficacy of clinical diagnosis for LBP, but also published data underscore its many inherent weaknesses. Healthcare risk managers need accurate clinical information to make decisions. If current clinical information is unreliable, then healthcare risk management strategies for LBP must be revised. This article reviews the work of many researchers in their attempts to unravel the problem of diagnosing LBP. The following conclusions were reached: The problem is significant and continues to increase. The problem is rooted in the clinician's strong dependency on reported pain, which may not always be a reliable source of objective information. Quantification of the impact of the objectivity of reported pain on clinical performance demonstrates the need for a independent source of functional data that can improve the diagnosis. Technology exists to complement the clinical examination, improve clinical performance, and thus reduce the cost associated with LBP management. The research results presented in this article unveil disturbing findings for healthcare risk managers. The strong bias clinicians reserve for reported pain may lead them to overrate pathology, treat patients inappropriately, prescribe unnecessary imaging tests, and generate unfounded medical opinions that are responsible for many disputes. Data are presented to demonstrate the financial benefits that result from the introduction of systematic objective controls via technology. These sound management principles allow the risk manager to determine the validity of claims and treatment proposals. Risk managers can then make informed decisions on contentious claims and regulate the large number of clinician-supported disability cases--decisions that represent significant savings.

Canada↗
PubMed2000

Clinical applications of 2D and 3D CT imaging of the airways--a review.

Hardware and software evolution has broadened the possibilities of 2D and 3D reformatting of spiral CT and MR data set. In the study of the thorax, intrinsic benefits of volumetric CT scanning and better quality of reconstructed images offer us the possibility to apply additional rendering techniques to everyday clinical practice. Considering the large number and redundancy of possible post-processing imaging techniques that we can apply to raw CT sections data, it is necessary to precisely set a well-defined number of clinical applications of each of them, by careful evaluation of their benefits and possible pitfalls in each clinical setting. In diagnostic evaluation of pathological processes affecting the airways, a huge number of thin sections is necessary for detailed appraisal and has to be evaluated, and information must then be transferred to referring clinicians. By additional rendering it is possible to make image evaluation and data transfer easier, faster, and more effective. In the study of central airways, additional rendering can be of interest for precise evaluation of the length, morphology, and degree of stenoses. It may help in depicting exactly the locoregional extent of central tumours by better display of relations with bronchovascular interfaces and can increase CT/bronchoscopy sinergy. It may allow closer radiotherapy planning and better depiction of air collections, and, finally, it could ease panoramic evaluation of the results of dynamic or functional studies, that are made possible by increased speed of spiral scanning. When applied to the evaluation of peripheral airways, as a completion to conventional HRCT scans, High-Resolution Volumetric CT, by projection slabs applied to target areas of interest, can better depict the profusion and extension of affected bronchial segments in bronchiectasis, influence the choice of different approaches for tissue sampling by better evaluation of the relations of lung nodules with the airways, or help to detect otherwise overlooked slight pathological findings. In the exploration of the air-spaces of the head and neck, targeted multiplanar study can now be performed without additional scanning by retro-reconstructed sections from original transverse CT slices. Additional rendering can help in surgical planning, by simulation of surgical approaches, and allows better integration with functional paranasal sinuses endoscopic surgery, by endoscopic perspective rendering. Whichever application we perform, the clinical value of 2D and 3D rendering techniques lies in the possibility of overcoming perceptual difficulties and 'slice pollution', by easing more efficient data transfer without loss of information. 3D imaging should not be considered, in the large majority of cases, as a diagnostic tool: looking at reformatted images may increase diagnostic accuracy in only very few cases, but an increase in diagnostic confidence could be not negligible. The purpose of the radiologist skilled in post-processing techniques should be that of modifying patient management, by more confident diagnostic evaluation, in a small number of patients, and, in a larger number of cases, by simplifying communication with referring physicians and surgeons. We will display in detail possible clinical applications of the different 2D and 3D imaging techniques, in the study of the tracheobronchial tree, larynx, nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses by Helical CT, review relating bibliography, and briefly discuss pitfalls and perspectives of CT rendering techniques for each field.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

The tissue micro-array data exchange specification: a web based experience browsing imported data.

BACKGROUND: The AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) is an HIV/AIDS tissue bank consortium sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD). The ACSR offers to approved researchers HIV infected biologic samples and uninfected control tissues including tissue cores in micro-arrays (TMA) accompanied by de-identified clinical data. Researchers interested in the type and quality of TMA tissue cores and the associated clinical data need an efficient method for viewing available TMA materials. Because each of the tissue samples within a TMA has separate data including a core tissue digital image and clinical data, an organized, standard approach to producing, navigating and publishing such data is necessary. The Association for Pathology Informatics (API) extensible mark-up language (XML) TMA data exchange specification (TMA DES) proposed in April 2003 provides a common format for TMA data. Exporting TMA data into the proposed format offers an opportunity to implement the API TMA DES. Using our public BrowseTMA tool, we created a web site that organizes and cross references TMA lists, digital "virtual slide" images, TMA DES export data, linked legends and clinical details for researchers. Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word are used to convert tabular clinical data and produce an XML file in the TMA DES format. The BrowseTMA tool contains Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) scripts that convert XML data into Hyper-Text Mark-up Language (HTML) web pages with hyperlinks automatically added to allow rapid navigation. RESULTS: Block lists, virtual slide images, legends, clinical details and exports have been placed on the ACSR web site for 14 blocks with 1623 cores of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.6 mm sizes. Our virtual microscope can be used to view and annotate these TMA images. Researchers can readily navigate from TMA block lists to TMA legends and to clinical details for a selected tissue core. Exports for 11 blocks with 3812 cores from three other institutions were processed with the BrowseTMA tool. Fifty common data elements (CDE) from the TMA DES were used and 42 more created for site-specific data. Researchers can download TMA clinical data in the TMA DES format. CONCLUSION: Virtual TMAs with clinical data can be viewed on the Internet by interested researchers using the BrowseTMA tool. We have organized our approach to producing, sorting, navigating and publishing TMA information to facilitate such review. We have converted Excel TMA data into TMA DES XML, and imported it and TMA DES XML from another institution into BrowseTMA to produce web pages that allow us to browse through the merged data. We proposed enhancements to the TMA DES as a result of this experience. We implemented improvements to the API TMA DES as a result of using exported data from several institutions. A document type definition was written for the API TMA DES (that optionally includes proposed enhancements). Independent validators can be used to check exports against the DTD (with or without the proposed enhancements). Linking tissue core images to readily navigable clinical data greatly improves the value of the TMA.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed2000

Central nervous system tuberculosis: imaging manifestations.

Tuberculosis of the brain is a disease of pathologic complexity and clinical subtlety-characteristics that manifest in the radiologic presentation of the disease and may make the task of interpreting radiologic data difficult. Much of the difficulty, however, reflects differences between the pathologic processes of tuberculosis and other infective diseases of the brain, and once these differences are appreciated, interpreting radiologic images becomes clearer.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

Digital radiographic imaging transfer: comparison with plain radiographs.

Advances in digital imaging and computer display technology have allowed development of clinical teleradiographic systems. There are limited data assessing the effectiveness of such systems when applied to urologic pathology. In an effort to appraise the effectiveness of teleradiology in identifying renal calculi, the accuracy of findings on transmitted radiographic images were compared with those made when viewing the actual plain film. Plain films (KUB) were obtained from 26 patients who presented to the radiology department to rule out urinary calculous disease. The films were digitalized by a radiograph scanner into ARCNEMA-2 file format, compressed by a NASA algorithm, and transferred via a 28.8-kbps modern over standard telephone lines to a remote section 25 miles away, where they were decompressed and viewed on a 1600 x 1200-pixel monitor. Two attending urologists and two endourologic fellows were randomized to read either the transmitted image or the original radiograph with minimal clinical history provided. Of the 26 plain radiographic films, 24 were correctly interpreted by the fellows and 25 by the attending physicians (92% and 96% accuracy, respectively) for a total accuracy of 94% with no statistical difference (p = 0.16). After compression, all but one of the digital images were transferred successfully. The attending physicians correctly interpreted 24 of the 25 digital images (96%), whereas the fellows were correct on 21 interpretations (84%), resulting in a total 90% accuracy with a significant difference between the groups (p < or = 0.04). Overall, no statistical difference between the interpretations of the plain film and the digital image was revealed (p = 0.21). Using available technology, KUB images can be transmitted to a remote site, and the location of a stone can be determined correctly. Higher accuracy is demonstrated by experienced surgeons.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Morphometry in histopathology. An image analysis workstation for the pathology laboratory.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of morphometry in comparative histologic analysis of diseases, fixing a set of parameters suitable for analysis and to create a general strategy for data storage and economical data management. STUDY DESIGN: To establish the following fundamental principles for morphometric measurements: (1) linear measurements to determine the distance between two points by using an eyepiece graticule with an engraved scale or alternatively with a ruler on a projected microscopic image or photograph; (2) Stereology based on geometric probability, allowing features in three dimensions to be measured from two-dimensional images; and (3) a computerized image processing and analysis system for image capture, storage and analysis using specialized software and hardware. RESULTS: Measurement procedures were demonstrated in different parameters using regenerative nodules of alcoholic cirrhosis as a model. Comparative analysis between primary biliary cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, posthepatitic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma showed the highest regenerative activity in posthepatitic cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: With current advances in computer technology, rapid, automatic measurements can be made from tissue sections and a variety of practical applications for the pathology laboratory, such as nuclear morphometry for comparison of different kinds of liver diseases, including classification of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Humans↗