Developing everyone's capacity: a resource kit supporting workforce capacity in reducing falls risk in the older person.
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Accidental Falls↗
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Results for “workforce development”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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The health workforce: managing the crisis ethical international recruitment of health professionals: will codes of practice protect developing country health systems?
Many countries are using the strategy of international recruitment to make up for shortages of health professionals to the detriment of health systems in the poorest parts of the world. This study reviewed the potential impact of eight national level and international codes of practice or similar instruments that are being introduced to encourage ethical recruitment in order to protect these countries. Whilst effective dissemination of the instruments is generally in place, support systems, incentives and sanctions and monitoring systems necessary for effective implementation and sustainability are currently weak or have not been planned. If such codes or instruments are to be used to protect developing country health systems, lessons should be learnt from the early adopters; the focus of protecting developing country health systems needs to be emphasised in instruments with multiple objectives; the process of implementing the instruments strengthened; and internal and external pressure needs to be increased to ensure the codes and instruments lead to ethical recruitment and help to protect developing country health systems.
Codes of Ethics↗
Pharmaceutical care for rural patients: ominous trends.
The findings of the Lake Superior Rural Cancer Care Project may be a harbinger of impeding shortages of pharmacists in most rural areas of the United States. Elderly patients, the population that is most reliant on medication, constitute a large portion of the citizens who are potentially underserved in terms of pharmaceutical care in rural areas. Education for rural practice is largely overlooked in current pharmacy curricula. The national pharmacy leadership must develop a sensible workforce policy that considers the needs of rural patients.
Community Pharmacy Services↗
Progressing the action plan in Scotland--an educational perspective.
In March 2005 the Scottish Executive Health Department published the 'Action plan for improving oral health and modernising NHS dental services in Scotland'. Six areas required major new educational input: pre-qualification education, workforce supply, career development, dental practice and team development, clinical effectiveness/quality improvement and support for the oral health strategy. Targets from the action plan that have been fully achieved include: 1) undergraduate student numbers have reached the target output of 135 per year; 2) vocational training numbers match graduate numbers; 3) a vocational training scheme for dental therapists has been developed and numbers of VT places will match the number of qualifying therapists; 4) a new strategy to support dental nurse training will allow an additional 200 dental nurse training places by 2007; and 5) a clinical effectiveness programme has developed a rolling programme of guidelines, the first one of which, on conscious sedation, was released in May. The dental action plan has provided Scotland with the best opportunity for modernising dental services since the NHS was established. This paper describes some of the educational developments that will ensure NHS dental services in Scotland are 'fit for the future' and 'delivering for health'.
Capital Expenditures↗
Prevalence and risk factors of occupational hand dermatoses in electronics workers.
The electronics industry is becoming an important mainstream in the workforce in some developed countries and in Taiwan. Among patients with occupational hand dermatitis in northern Taiwan, workers from electronics industries were one of the most important groups. We conducted a field investigation to determine the prevalence, patterns and risk factors of occupational hand dermatoses among electronics workers. The survey was conducted in five electronics plants using a self-administered questionnaire on skin symptoms and risk factors. Skin examination and patch testing were followed for those with symptoms compatible with hand dermatitis. A total of 3070 workers completed the questionnaire. Among them, 302 (9.8%) reported to have symptoms (itching and with either redness/scaling) compatible with contact dermatitis on hands. Hand dermatitis was associated with working in the fabrication unit and personal history of atopy and metal allergy, as well as the following job titles: wafer bonding, cutting, printing/photomasking, softening/degluing, impregnation and tin plating. Among those with reported hand dermatitis, 183 completed skin examination and patch testing, 65/183 (35.5%) were diagnosed as having irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 7/183 (3.8%) allergic contact dermatitis. The most important allergens were nickel, cobalt and phenylenediamine. In conclusion, Taiwanese electronics workers have a high risk of having hand dermatitis, especially ICD. Preventive efforts should be focused on the workers with risk factors or at certain worksites.
Adolescent↗
Postgraduate medical education: rethinking and integrating a complex landscape.
A key responsibility of the healthcare system is to develop a sustainable workforce through education and training. The complexity of postgraduate medical education and training in Australia requires: recognition that there are many stakeholders (junior medical officers, registrars, teaching clinicians, health departments, governments, colleges and society) with overlapping but competing interests and responsibilities; a national dialogue to clarify the necessary resource investments and to assign explicit accountabilities; and improved coordination and governance, while maintaining appropriate flexibility. In other countries, stronger mechanisms of governance for oversight of postgraduate medical education have emerged, and Australia can learn from these.
Accreditation↗
The Barcelona International Symposium (21-23 April 2005). Synthesis reports.
The Symposium was held in Barcelona, Spain, with the Institut d'Estudis de la Salut acting as host. It gathered 51 participants working in 34 institutions based in 18 countries. The main objective of the Symposium was to create an opportunity for assessing the past trends and forecasting the future developments of health workforce within the various national health systems. The Symposium was composed of 5 sessions devoted to presentations of the papers freely contributed by the participants and 5 discussion sessions devoted to the following themes : (i) Supply of and demand for health workforce, (ii) Future trends and forecasting methods ; (iii) Strategies for managing and planning health workforce ; (iv) Health workforce in underserved areas; (v) International migration of health workers. Each discussion session was conducted by a discussion leader whose the synthesis report is displayed here below.
Adult↗
Simulating public health response to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) event: a comprehensive and systematic approach to designing, implementing, and evaluating a tabletop exercise.
In response to recent public health threats and disasters, greater emphasis has been placed on the use of exercises and drills to improve individual performance and enhance capacity of the public health workforce. However, despite the increased application of these exercises, rigorous research regarding their appropriate development and relative effectiveness in improving public health preparedness is limited. The present study attempted to fill this void by presenting a detailed account of a comprehensive and integrated approach to developing, implementing, and evaluating a tabletop exercise designed to enhance emergency preparedness and response of public health workers. Following a comprehensive training systems model, a tabletop exercise was developed to simulate worker recognition and response to a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome event among public health workers in Arkansas. Forty-nine individuals participated in the tabletop exercise, including public health workers and their external partners. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of this tabletop exercise in increasing participants' competency-related knowledge and skills. The flexibility afforded by creating a standardized competency-based process can extend to other state and local health departments and provides evidence of the reciprocal relationship between research and practice needed to advance the areas of emergency preparedness training and workforce development initiatives in public health.
Competency-Based Education↗
Developing a speciality: regearing the specialist public health workforce.
OBJECTIVES: To identify issues surrounding the future training needs of the specialist public health workforce following the most recent restructuring of the National Health Service (NHS) in England. METHODS: All directors of public health (DsPH) based in strategic health authorities and nine senior staff working in public health at the regional level were invited to participate in a semi-structured telephone interview. RESULTS: Twenty-six people were interviewed. Many interviewees expressed concern that because consultants and specialists in public health will be working in much smaller teams than hitherto, they will have to generalize their skills to cover a much wider range of functions (including board-level duties). This may result in a loss of specialist expertise. Successful public health practice in the new structures will require new ways of interorganizational working that will add an administrative burden to specialists in public health. Also, the creation of a board-level post in each primary care trust (PCT) has resulted in more time spent on corporate responsibilities and less on public health for DsPH, who are often the only fully trained specialist in public health in their PCT. Furthermore, interviewees expressed their anxiety about the lack of diversity in the posts available to specialists in public health and particularly to those newly completing their specialist training. Generally, interviewees felt that traditional public health roles and responsibilities were being eclipsed by corporate and managerial ones. Professional development activities were being carried out, but in a rather ad-hoc fashion. Interviewees were hopeful that public health networks would lead professional development initiatives once they were more established. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that excellence in public health is maintained through a set of accreditable standards, whilst corporate skills, essential to successful public health practice in the new UK NHS, are developed among specialists in public health.
Accreditation↗
Developments in rheumatology consultant manpower provision: the BSR/arc Workforce Register 2003-05.
OBJECTIVES: To summarize the changes and continuing inequalities in rheumatology service provision in the UK between 2001 and 2005. METHODS: Questionnaires about demographics and workload were sent to all consultants on the BSR/arc Workforce Register in January 2003 and 2005. RESULTS: A total of 94% of 506 consultants responded in 2003 and 89% of 542 in 2005. About 19% of the consultants practice rheumatology with acute medicine. Levels of optimal provision exceed 60% in England and Wales, but are below 50% in Scotland and Northern Ireland. The levels of provision in London are substantially higher than anywhere else. The median number of hours worked per week has increased from 35.2 in 2003 to 41 in 2005. CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatology continues to expand. There is inequality with better provision in England (especially London) and Wales than Scotland and Northern Ireland. Patterns of nurse and Senior House Officer (SHO) provision correlate with consultant numbers. Thus, the catalyst for improved service is consultant expansion.
Consultants↗
Developing a multi-disciplinary public health specialist workforce: training implications of current UK policy.
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Clinical Competence↗
Developing an adequate and high quality nurse aide workforce in North Carolina.
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Inservice Training↗
Indigenous participation in the 'new' New Zealand health structure.
OBJECTIVES: This paper presents preliminary evaluative findings from research on key areas of concern to Māori and forms part of a wider project on the 2001 health system reforms in New Zealand. The paper reports on the development and implementation of the Māori Health Strategy, representation in decision making at governance level in District Health Boards, the inclusion of the Treaty of Waitangi in legislation and workforce issues. METHODS: Key informant interviews with 35 Māori and non-Māori respondents, in addition to data from five case study districts, were thematically analysed to gain an understanding of views on the health system reforms to date. RESULTS: The development of a Māori Health Strategy and the mandatory inclusion of Māori in governance and consultation processes have had a positive effect on Māori participation in the public health sector. Whereas previously Māori participation was concentrated in health service provision, the inclusion of specific provisions in the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 has resulted in greater Māori inclusion in governance, planning and decision-making roles. However, there are concerns over strategy implementation, sustainability and workforce development. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings at this stage indicate that there is support for the post-2000 model. Māori and non-Māori alike have identified positive features of the model that could go some way towards contributing to improved Māori health. However challenges still remain.
Community Participation↗
Generalist physicians in nonmetropolitan countries in Ohio.
OBJECTIVE: To identify by specialty (family practice, general internal medicine, and general pediatrics) the number and ratios of generalist physicians per 100,000 population in nonmetropolitan counties in Ohio and to describe the trends in these data from 1975 through 1990. DESIGN: The data were compiled on a country basis by physician census takers residing in each county in Ohio. The US Office of Management and Budget's definition of nonmetropolitan counties formed the basis of the calculations. RESULTS: In nonmetropolitan counties of Ohio, generalist physician numbers and ratios improved between 1975 and 1990 in general internal medicine (from 5.9 to 10.2 per 100,000 population) and general pediatrics (from 2.6 to 4.9 per 100,000 population) but not in family practice, which experienced a decrease from 31.0 to 28.7 per 100,000 population. Eight counties with no hospitals were unable to attract general internists or general pediatricians. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate the importance of characterizing generalist physician workforce data by specialty and practice location on a state-wide basis and suggest that increasing the supply of physicians does not greatly improve the geographic distribution of the medical workforce. These findings should affect the development of local, state, and federal physician workforce policies aimed at addressing the problem of physician geographic maldistribution.
Family Practice↗
Health protection--a strategy and a national agency.
The Chief Medical Officer for England has published a strategy for health protection and announced the formation of a new body, the Health Protection Agency, to deal with the threats to health from infectious disease, chemicals, toxins and radiation hazards. This reflects international recognition of the need to combat threats to health from the likes of tuberculosis, HIV, influenza, anti-microbial resistance, chemical accidents and bio-terrorism, and the risks to health associated with increased movements of people, animals and goods, climate change and industrialisation. The strategy will strengthen surveillance and response linking contributions from clinical specialities with public health, microbiology, toxicology and radiation science within the health protection family. The Agency will be formed by combining a number of national and specialist public bodies and personnel delivering local protection services. The strategy represents a unique opportunity to strengthen local and national structures and develop a world-class health protection service. Detailed plans are being developed by the Department of Health with a variety of stakeholders for the launch of the Agency in 2003. A number of challenges will have to be met including developing and training the workforce in health protection, providing career structures for public health scientists and nurses, strengthening electronic communications and developing health protection networks within broader public health structures. Health protection should now be recognised as a sub-speciality of public health.
Bioterrorism↗
Nurses and English primary care groups: their experiences and perceived influence on policy development.
AIMS OF THE STUDY: To investigate the experiences and perceived influence of nurses serving on English primary care group boards. BACKGROUND: The development of the nursing workforce and nursing services in primary care have been piecemeal and nurses have not always contributed to policy development. The recent establishment of primary care groups (PCGs) in the United Kingdom (UK) potentially offers nurses the opportunity to take a concerted and strategic role in developing professional roles and planning service developments. RESEARCH METHODS: As part of a longitudinal study of a 15% random sample of English primary care groups, nurse board members were surveyed in the winter of 1999. One hundred and forty-four nurses were invited to return self-completion questionnaires. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were returned by 106 of those invited to participate (73%). Respondents reported that combining their usual work with their role in the PCG was frequently difficult. Only 26% perceived that they had been well prepared for their new role. Compared with other board members [for example, general practitioners (GPs)], nurses perceived that their own influence was limited, with only a quarter rating the influence of nurses on decision-making as great. Most of the sample were feeding back information to other primary care and community nurses working in the locality and 52% rated communication with this wider constituency as good or better. Nurse board members were enthusiastic about their role and optimistic about the positive future impact of PCGs on health. CONCLUSIONS: PCGs are still at a relatively early stage in their development. It is still too early to assess their impact on nurses working in primary care and community settings. Board membership offers nurses a voice in local health policy development.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Coordinated health and human resources development. Report of a WHO Study Group.
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Decision Making, Organizational↗