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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Is half-dose contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography sufficient for the abdominal aorta and pelvis?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of half-dose contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for depicting the abdominal aorta and its major branches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 72 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups that underwent MR angiography after receiving different concentrations (original or diluted to 50%) and total amounts (single or half-dose) of gadolinium chelate injected at different rates (1 or 0.5 mL/second). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the abdominal aorta and of the common and external iliac arteries were calculated, and two blinded readers rated the respective image qualities. RESULTS: The SNR and CNR of the abdominal aorta and the common iliac artery in the 0.5 mL/second groups were statistically significantly lower than those in the 1 mL/second groups. The differences in overall image quality across the four groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Half-dose MR angiography using diluted contrast medium injected at a rate of 1 mL/second depicted the abdominal aorta and its branches as clearly as using a full single dose.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

[Dissection and dissected aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

Experience in successful treatment of 7 patients with isolated dissection of the abdominal aorta is presented. Over the last 10 years 165 patients with dissected aneurysms of different sites underwent surgery. In 7 (4.2%) of them isolated dissection of the abdominal aorta was diagnosed. Among 251 patients operated for abdominal aortic aneurysm dissection of its wall was seen in 2.8% cases. Morphologic study revealed atherosclerosis in 3 patients, degeneration of aortic wall - in 3, and combination of dysplasia with atherosclerosis - in 1. Linear prosthesis of abdominal aorta with replantation of visceral branches on single area into graft was the main (6) surgery. Bifurcation aorto-iliac prosthesis with bypass of the distal part of the deep femoral artery was performed in 1 patient. Five patients underwent elective surgery, 2 - emergency surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Wall shear stress and early atherosclerotic lesions in the abdominal aorta in young adults.

OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation between wall shear stress and early atherosclerotic lesions in the abdominal aorta. DESIGN: Blinded histomorphometric studies. Comparison with in vitro data. MATERIALS: Abdominal aortic haemodynamics were simulated in a realistic pulsatile flow model. Abdominal aortas from 10 young adults with no signs of atherosclerotic disease were obtained during autopsy. METHODS: Quantitative wall shear stresses were measured at rest and exercise in one suprarenal and two infrarenal positions using laser Doppler anemometry. Intimal thickening indices were measured blindly at the corresponding locations using histomorphometric methods, and compared to wall shear stress variables using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Intimal thickness index increased significantly with age. Intimal thickness index was significantly lower in the suprarenal than the infrarenal aorta, and higher at the distal posterior vessel wall compared to the anterior wall. Intimal thickness index correlated significantly with mean, minimum and oscillating wall shear stresses measured at rest. CONCLUSION: Intimal thickness in the undiseased abdominal aorta correlated significantly with mean, minimum and oscillating wall shear stresses at rest measured in a pulsatile flow model. No correlations were found with maximum shear stress parameters. Exercise changed the local wall shear stresses away from the characteristics associated with intimal thickness index.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Helical CT of abdominal aorta].

The purpose was to illustrate that single or multirow spiral CT angiography has become the main modality for the examination of the abdominal aorta. Our multidisciplinary group investigates weekly 15 abdominal aortas, with a single slice spiral CT since 1995, and a 4 row detector spiral CT since 1999. CT scans protocols and parameters optimization for the 2 CT systems are described. Indications and results of CT to investigate the various abdominal aortic diseases are illustrated and discussed: aneurisms (pretherapeutic staging, selection of indications of endovascular stent-grafting); obstructive aorto-arteriopathies (pretherapeutic staging, follow up after endovascular revascularization); dissection (diagnosis, pretherapeutic staging, follow up); inflammatory diseases; normal patterns and principal complications after surgery. Situations where multislice CT is superior to single slice CT and compared advantages of MRI are discussed. CT is at the present time the main technique to image abdominal aorta. Multislice CT is especially interesting to explore the whole aorta, poly traumatisms, and to plan and follow up endovascular treatments.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1997

Blunt injury of the abdominal aorta: a review.

Injury to the abdominal aorta after blunt trauma occurs much less frequently than injury to the thoracic aorta. Although presentations vary, common themes continue to emerge with each patient. Within a 6-month period, our trauma unit diagnosed and treated two cases of blunt abdominal aortic trauma. Both patients were restrained passengers in motor vehicle crashes with resultant abdominal aortic injuries and demonstrated some of the most common associated injuries. Our two cases bring the number found in the literature to 62 and demonstrate the need for rapid recognition and treatment of this potentially lethal injury. This article is a comprehensive review of the management of abdominal aortic injury from blunt trauma.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of short-term chemotherapy on the compliance of rabbit abdominal aorta].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of short-term chemotherapy on the compliance of rabbit abdominal aorta, and understand the changes in the biomechanical properties of the blood vessels after chemotherapy. METHODS: Fifteen rabbits were divided into 5 groups, 4 of which were subjected to injection with chemotherapeutic agents for 5 days to evaluate the compliance of the abdominal aorta at 2, 7, 14, and 21 days after the therapy with the other group without chemotherapy serving as the control. RESULTS: The compliance of the abdominal aorta was obviously decreased after chemotherapy and reached the lowest level 14 days after short-term chemotherapy, suggesting that the drugs resulted in vascular injury enough to alter the biomechanical properties of the blood vessels. CONCLUSION: Short-term chemotherapy can decrease the compliance of the blood vessels, which may deteriorate with time but such changes can be reversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Occlusion of the abdominal aorta caused by enlargement of the false lumen after graft replacement for a DeBakey type IIIb dissecting aneurysm: report of a case.

We report herein a case of abdominal aorta occlusion caused by enlargement of the false lumen after a graft replacement. The patient was a 70-year-old man who underwent a graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta for a DeBakey type IIIb dissecting aneurysm. Digital subtraction angiography performed on postoperative day 18 revealed an abdominal aorta occlusion caused by enlargement of the false lumen. A new intimal defect was found in the aortic wall 2 cm distal to the suture line, the cause of which was suspected to be clamp injury during the initial operation. Graft replacement of the abdominal aorta was subsequently carried out. Postoperatively, he had no complications, and digital subtraction angiography showed excellent reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. The patient was discharged from hospital 1 month after his second operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Pseudo-coarctation of the abdominal aorta associated with renovascular hypertension.

A case of pseudo-coarctation of the abdominal aorta associated with renovascular hypertension has been reported. The abdominal aorta of the patient was kinked at the level of L1-L2 without a pressure gradient, which was consistent with pseudo-coarctation of aorta. Both renal arteries arose from the aorta at the level of lower T12 and had severe multiple stenoses. We have discussed the possible etiology of the developmental abnormalities of the arterial system in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of physical activity on blood pressure monitoring and morphometric parameters of the left ventricle and of the abdominal aorta in healthy elderly subjects.

To investigate the effects of physical activity not only on morphometric left ventricular parameters, but also on the abdominal aorta diameter and on blood pressure, we enrolled 100 healthy subjects, 50 males and 50 females, aged between 63 and 91 years (mean 73.3 +/- s.d. 7.7), each divided into two subgroups, sedentary and non sedentary, come to our observation for a diagnostic screening. For each subject an Echography was performed, by using an Acuson 128XP10 apparatus, equipped with a 2 MHz phased array probe, both for the study of the heart and for the study of the abdominal aorta. Then, all the subjects underwent 24 hours blood pressure monitoring by using a P6 Delmar apparatus in order to get mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly related to physical activity (sedentary > non sedentary, P < 0.01), while systolic blood pressure was not; left ventricle and abdominal aorta diameters were both significantly related to sex (males > females, P < 0.001), but left ventricle diameter was significantly related to diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), while abdominal aorta diameter was significantly related to systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that physical activity might be strongly recommended to control blood pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Changes in diameter of the abdominal aorta with age: an epidemiological study.

Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms is a major cause of death for men who are over 60 years old. This study invited 13,000 men aged 60 to 75 years, within the Birmingham conurbation, to have an ultrasound scan of the abdominal aorta. The scan was performed at the patients' own General Practitioner's surgery; 10,061 men were scanned. Only 3% of this population were found to have large aneurysms. An analysis of the distribution of aortic diameters in this population shows that for diameters less than 40 mm, changes in the diameter with age (previously attributed to the growth of small aneurysms) occurs for up to 25% of the population although the median diameter for each year group, 21 mm, does not increase with age. This analysis suggests that the threshold diameter at which the aorta is categorized as abnormal should be related to age, especially by those undertaking mass screening.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Tensile strength and histological changes of abdominal aorta of malnourished rats.

The resistance of the abdominal aorta of rats after 6, 7 and 8 weeks of malnutrition, compared with control animals, was evaluated by longitudinal tensiometry. Weakness of this vessel in malnourished rats was demonstrated; microscopic examination of the aorta stained by Masson, Calleja and hematoxylin-eosin methods showed a decrease in amorphous ground substance and an increase in the width of elastic laminae. There was no visible alteration either in the endothelial lining layer or in the smooth muscle fibers. Such alterations of the aorta are, to the authors' knowledge, the first reported modifications in the peripheral vasculature after malnutrition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retroperitoneal approach to the abdominal aorta: revisited.

Experience with retroperitoneal approach to the abdominal aorta for aortic reconstruction in 30 cases is reported. The authors' interest in this exposure stemmed from observations made at the time of scoliosis surgery. The technique was modified and used in poor risk patients and resulted in a significant decrease in operative morbidity and hospitalization. A literature review revealed that several modifications have been described dating back as far as 1836. The authors emphasize technical features and advantages and disadvantages of this approach.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1986

Spinal cord ischemia following operations on the abdominal aorta.

Spinal cord ischemia following operations on the abdominal aorta is considered an unpredictable event attributable to variations in spinal cord blood supply. Our experience with seven cases of spinal cord ischemia contradicts this hypothesis. All patients had a bifurcation graft implanted. Three patients had bilateral interruption of hypogastric circulation. Each had gluteal necrosis and two had left colon ischemia. Two patients had unilateral hypogastric ligation. In both of these patients, early postoperative hypotension preceded recognition of spinal cord ischemia. Two patients without known interruption of hypogastric flow had proximal side-to-end anastomoses placed in an atheromatous aorta. Intraoperative peripheral emboli occurred in one and postoperative visceral emboli occurred in the other patient. In the latter case spinal cord ischemia occurred late concomitantly with embolization. The surmised important details in patients' courses with spinal cord ischemia are (1) interference with pelvic blood flow (five of seven patients) severe enough in three cases to cause gluteal necrosis and (2) a high incidence of perioperative complications. Interruption of an anomalous spinal artery was probably not a factor as cord lesions were mostly distal and no case of spinal cord ischemia occurred after a cylinder graft was placed. Spinal cord ischemia is potentially preventable. Our experience reemphasizes the importance of hypogastric perfusion, the dangers of handling the atheromatous aorta, and the necessity for avoiding postoperative hypotension.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Morphofunctional characteristics of an abdominal aorta autograft after surgery].

The reconstruction of the abdominal aorta transplant was studied in experiments with 40 mongrel dogs shortly after operation. One, 12 and 24 hours and on days 5 and 10 after operation the total amount of protein was measured in the aortic arch, in the thoracic part, in the plasty area and in the zones lying above and beneath the plasty area. Disc electrophoresis was used to examine the qualitative composition of proteins. The localization of acridine orange in the autotransplant wall was defined with the aid of fluorescent microscopy. The preparations were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Denervation and devascularization were found shortly after operation to provoke the reduction of endotheliocytes, formation of interendothelial "holes" favouring rapid imbibition with blood of the vascular wall, which in turn led to cell destruction in the auto-transplant by day 5 after operation. On the 8th 10th day there occurred irreversible changes in the collagen-elastic framework of the aorta.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Management of noncalcified aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.

Occasionally a previously undiagnosed aneurysm of the abdominal aorta will be found during the course of surgical procedure. When circumstances prevent extending the procedure to include resection and grafting of the aneurysm, the proper placement of silver clips as radiopaque markers may be of substantial benefit in managing this patient until definitive therapy can be instituted.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1995

"Kissing-balloon" technique for abdominal aorta angioplasty. Initial results and long term outcome.

We evaluated results after angioplasty of the distal abdominal aorta using "kissing-balloon" technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From 1981 through 1993, 14 patients (12 women and 2 men, average age 52.4 years), underwent balloon angioplasty of the distal segment of the abdominal aorta. In 8 patients stenosis involved one or both iliac arteries as well. In all cases double balloon technique was used. Follow-up was based on clinical, angiographical and duplex scanning examinations. RESULTS. The initial success rate was 85% (12/14). In one case there was residual stenosis of 20% (redilated successfully 1 month later), and in one case there was acute thrombosis of the right iliac artery (successfully relieved surgically). Long-term follow-up (6-143 months) showed good patency of the dilated segment in all patients (including patients that initially failed). At follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION. Dilatation of the distal abdominal aorta using "kissing-balloon" technique is a safe and efficient modality of treatment, with acceptable initial and excellent long-term results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spiral computerized tomography in the diagnosis of acute occlusion of the abdominal aorta. A case report].

Aim of this report is to present a case of acute occlusion of the abdominal aorta recognized by spiral-CT. After a brief description of the etiology and pathology of abdominal aorta acute occlusion, stress is laid on diagnostic role of spiral-CT, based on personal and literature data. The advantage of spiral respect to non-spiral CT is the quicker examination time which is very important, mostly in emergencies. On the contrary, the diagnosis of acute abdominal aorta occlusion is not modified by volumetric CT respect to non-spiral and it is based on the absence of aorta contrast enhancement above the occlusion level.

Acute Disease↗