PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Acinetobacter Infections”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Outbreak of Acinetobacter spp septicemia in a neonatal ICU.

An outbreak of Acinetobacter spp infection in the neonatal unit at Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India, is described. During a 6-month period, 68 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from the blood and CSF of 47 neonates admitted to the intensive care unit. Diagnosis of clinically significant bacteremia was made in 36 patients. On environmental/personnel sampling, Acinetobacter spp isolates with similar antibiogram were recovered from intravenous catheter and washbasin. Control of the outbreak was possible only after strict infection control practices in the unit. It was concluded that any clinical multidrug resistant A. baumannii isolate can be a potential nosocomial outbreak strain.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1988

Multiple intensive care unit outbreak of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus respiratory infection and colonization associated with contaminated, reusable ventilator circuits and resuscitation bags.

PURPOSE: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus (A. anitratus) can cause nosocomially and community acquired pneumonia. Source identification of the organism is often difficult. An outbreak of respiratory infection and colonization with A. anitratus affecting 93 ventilated patients in all six of a hospital's intensive care units (ICUs) over 10 months is described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In April 1984, the infection control staff started to review positive culture results from all patients in all ICUs. At this point, information on significant isolates was recorded by patient, site, date, genus and species, and antimicrobial susceptibility. During the month of August 1984, an increased number of A. anitratus isolates from sputum began to be detected. Information was expanded to include the date of hospital admission, ICU admission, intubation, and extubation; the dates and types of all surgical procedures; the results and dates of all prior sputum cultures; and the use of nebulized bronchodilator medications. Monthly numbers of cases were compared for four months prior to the outbreak, during the outbreak, and for seven months after the outbreak. Plasmid DNA from isolates was prepared, electrophoresed, and visualized. Isolates were designated according to the molecular weights of visualized plasmids. RESULTS: Barrier precautions and improved staff handwashing did not diminish the frequency of new cases. When pasteurized, reusable ventilator circuits and resuscitation bags were cultured for the possibility of low-level contamination, 18 percent were positive for A. anitratus. Terminal ethylene oxide sterilization of these devices was associated with prompt control of the outbreak. Plasmid DNA analysis of isolates from patients involved in the outbreak, contaminated devices, and the hands of personnel responsible for device disinfection revealed two predominant plasmid profiles. After outbreak control, isolates with these profiles were found much less frequently in patient specimens. CONCLUSION: Contaminated, reusable ventilator support equipment may be a leading cause for the extent of A. anitratus in the sputum of intubated patients. This problem is potentially correctable by the use of terminal etyhlene oxide sterilization of reusable ventilator circuits and resuscitation bags.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1993

Effect of sulbactam on infections caused by imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biotype anitratus.

A recent outbreak of multiresistant strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biotype anitratus was observed mostly, but not exclusively, in the surgical intensive care unit in our hospital. Disk diffusion and microdilution susceptibility studies demonstrated resistance to imipenem, all aminoglycosides, and all individual beta-lactam antibiotics. Only ampicillin plus sulbactam, cefoperazone plus sulbactam, and polymyxin produced zone sizes and MICs in the susceptible ranges. Determination of MICs and MBCs demonstrated that sulbactam was the antimicrobial agent responsible for the killing of these organisms. Nine of 10 patients who were infected with imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter strains and received ampicillin plus sulbactam for > 3 days improved clinically, and in many cases organisms were eradicated from the site of isolation.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2006

Acinetobacter mediastinitis in a heart transplant patient.

We report a 56-year-old who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation following left ventricular assist device bridge to transplantation. His postoperative course was complicated by severe sternal wound infection with Acinetobacter species requiring extensive debridement and reconstruction with a pectoralis major flap. This was followed by a total sternectomy, pectoralis flap debridement, and vacuum-assisted dressing.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2000

Simplified phenotypic tests for identification of Acinetobacter spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility status.

Acinetobacter spp. have been found to be responsible for an increasing number of nosocomial infections. During a 16-month period, 22 patients hospitalised mainly in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU), paediatric and other medical wards were investigated either for infection or colonisation by Acinetobacter spp. Of the 45 isolates of Acinetobacter detected among the total of 425 non-fermenters encountered, 24 representative isolates were selected for extended phenotypic identification. Four environmental isolates were also included in the study. These 28 isolates were typed by biotyping and antibiotyping, which helped in delineating the Acinetobacter spp. into 12 phenotypes and two distinct antibiotypes respectively. A sudden increase of cases of acinetobacter infection suggested that three outbreaks during the study period were due to phenotypes 1 and 2 of A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex (Acb). Strains of Acb-complex showed multiple drug resistance and were sensitive only to netilmicin. A comparatively high proportion of resistance to amikacin (48%) was also detected among these strains by the agar dilution method. The RICU environment was recognised as an important reservoir for the resistant outbreak strain (Acb-1) which was probably leading to persistent colonisation and recurrent infections.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of 1116 strains of pathogens isolated from infected burn wounds].

We report the analysis of 1,116 strains of pathogens isolated from infected burn wounds of 536 patients hospitalized from 1989 to 1991. From the 1,116 strains of pathogens, 39 species of aerobes and fungi were found, including 217 strains of staphylococcus aureus, 208 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 119 strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The positive rates of the above three bacteria were 19.4%, 18.6% and 10.6% respectively. Some opportunistic pathogens, such as bacillus cercus, aerococcus virdans and aspergillus etc. were also isolated from the burn wounds as well as the ward environments. The drug sensitivity of some of the common bacterial was determined.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2004

The synthetic N-terminal peptide of human lactoferrin, hLF(1-11), is highly effective against experimental infection caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

The lactoferrin-derived peptide hLF(1-11), but not its control peptide, was highly effective against five multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains in vitro (3 to 4 log reduction) and against four of these strains in an experimental infection in mice (2 to 3 log reduction). Therefore, this peptide is a promising candidate as a novel agent against infections with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2001

Clinical importance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (PER-1-type)-producing Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

Recently, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (PER-1) was found to be disseminated among Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonasaeruginosa isolates in Turkey. A population-based cohort study was conducted to elucidate predictive mortality factors in patients with nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa, with particular reference to PER-1-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. The study group comprised 16 and 21 non-survivors and 82 and 126 survivors in cohorts infected with Acinetobacter and P. aeruginosa, respectively. In the Acinetobacter-infected cohort, nosocomial pneumonia, hypotension and infection with a PER-positive isolate were independent predictors of mortality. In the P. aeruginosa-infected cohort, impaired consciousness, a PER-positive isolate, male sex and (with a negative relative risk) urinary tract infection were independent predictors of death. This study demonstrated the relationship of PER-1-type ESBL-producing Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa with poor clinical outcome.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed2006

Polymyxins: older antibiotics for a new threat.

Polymyxin B and colistin have demonstrated reasonable success in infections due to multidrug-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Polymyxins are only recommended for highly selected cases of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacilli resistant to currently available antibiotics to avoid their potential toxicity. Pharmacodynamic studies are still needed to determine appropriate dosage regimens that will optimize effectiveness and minimize toxicity.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2005

Cure of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii fixation device-related orthopedic infections in two patients with intravenous colistin.

We report our experience with two cases of fixation device-related orthopedic infections due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Both patients were successfully treated with intravenous administration of colistin, despite the reported poor penetration of this medication to these tissues, in the old literature. No serious colistin-associated toxicity developed and no recurrence of the infection occurred on follow up.

Acinetobacter Infections↗