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Results for “Adolescent Behavior”

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PubMed2004

Randomized trial of a parent intervention: parents can make a difference in long-term adolescent risk behaviors, perceptions, and knowledge.

BACKGROUND: Although numerous interventions have been demonstrated to reduce targeted adolescent risk behaviors for brief periods, sustained behavior changes covering multiple risk behaviors have been elusive. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a parental monitoring intervention (Informed Parents and Children Together [ImPACT]) with and without boosters can further reduce adolescent truancy, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors and can alter related perceptions 24 months after intervention among youth who have all received an adolescent risk-reduction intervention, Focus on Kids (FOK). DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, 3-celled longitudinal trial. SETTING: Thirty-five low-income, urban community sites. PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred seventeen African American youth aged 13 to 16 at baseline. Intervention All youth participated in FOK, an 8-session, theory-based, small group, face-to-face risk-reduction intervention, 496 youth and parents received the 1-session ImPACT intervention (a videotape and discussion), 238 of the ImPACT youth also received four 90-minute FOK boosters delivered in small groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses at baseline and 24 months after intervention to a questionnaire assessing risk and protective behaviors and perceptions. Analyses used General Linear Modeling, intraclass correlation coefficient, analysis of covariance, and multiple comparisons with least significant difference test adjustment. RESULTS: After adjusting for the intraclass correlation coefficient, 6 of 16 risk behaviors were significantly reduced (P< or =.05) among youth receiving ImPACT compared with youth who only received FOK (respectively, mean number of days suspended, 0.65 vs 1.17; carry a bat as a weapon, 4.1% vs 9.6%; smoked cigarettes, 12.5% vs 22.7%; used marijuana, 18.3% vs 26.8%; used other illicit drugs, 1.4% vs 5.6%; and, asked sexual partner if condom always used, 77.9% vs 64.9%). Four of the 7 theory-based subscales reflected significant protective changes among youth who received ImPACT. ImPACT did not produce any significant adverse effects on behaviors or perceptions. CONCLUSION: A parent monitoring intervention can significantly broaden and sustain protection beyond that conferred through an adolescent risk-reduction intervention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

HIV risk behaviors among adolescents at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in New York City.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated risk behaviors among adolescents attending a clinic for the treatment of sexually transmitted disease in New York City. METHODS: A total of 4,585 volunteers were interviewed and HIV-tested, including 456 adolescents (aged 13-19 years), of whom 220 were women (48%) and 236 men (52%). RESULTS: Fewer than 1% of the 456 adolescents said they injected drugs. Unprotected vaginal sex was the most common sexual behavior, with 93% of adolescents reporting "always" having vaginal sex, and 57% "rarely or never" using condoms. Anal sex was reported by 18%. Twenty percent of adolescent men had paid for sex, compared to just 1% of women, whereas 3% of men and 4% of women had traded sex for money or drugs. Nine women and three men tested HIV seropositive. All three HIV-positive men reported having had receptive anal sex with men. Among women, HIV seropositivity was most strongly associated with crack cocaine use and trading sex for money or drugs. CONCLUSIONS: HIV prevalence was high, with most infections owing to sexual transmission rather than intravenous drugs. The increased risk of HIV infection in adolescent women was associated with high-risk sex related to crack use and the exchange of sex for money or drugs.

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PubMed2001

Eating disorders and altered eating behaviors in adolescents of normal weight in a Spanish city.

PURPOSE: To study the prevalence of altered eating behaviors or eating disorder-related behaviors among adolescents of normal weight that do not fulfill criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. METHOD: Cross-sectional study by means of a self-completed questionnaire (School of Nutrition of Granada, Spain) and measurement of weight and height in a population of 491 schoolchildren aged 14-18 years. The statistical inferences and estimation of risk are based on comparison of proportions and means test, and the relative inequality of prevalences. RESULTS: Of 491 adolescents of normal weight, 9% (females 2:1) were following diets; 42% presented "recurrent episodes of binging" with the sensation of loss of self-control; and 41%% avoided specific types of food. Overall, 46.2% presented altered eating behavior. Factors significantly associated with this were the occurrence of periods of food abstinence and the use of purgatives [confidence interval 95% (CI 95%) prevalence ratio (PR) 1.41-2.02]. Compensatory behaviors were present in 33% of the adolescents, predominantly in females (CI 95% PR 1.79-3.07). The prevalences of abnormal eating behaviors were 16.3% for those related to anorexia (A-RB) and 17.1% for those related to bulimia (B-RB), with a clear predominance of females (2:1) and public education. There seems to be a greater aesthetic concern among those with B-RB and more worry about weight among those with A-RB. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of adolescents with abnormal eating behaviors and an altered perception of body fat may currently be diagnosed as having atypical eating disorder" (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Revision) considering that their body mass index was within normal range.

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PubMed2003

Comparison of the suicidal behavior of adolescent inpatients with borderline personality disorder and major depression.

The objective of the study was to examine the hypothesis that some forms of suicidal behavior among adolescents are related to helplessness and depression, whereas others are related to anger and impulsivity. Sixty-five adolescents were studied. Thirty-three had borderline personality disorder (BPD), of whom 17 had made a recent suicide attempt. Thirty-two had major depressive disorder (MDD), of whom 16 had made a recent suicide attempt. Assessments were made with the Child Suicide Potential Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Multidimensional Anger Inventory, the Overt Aggression Scale, the Impulsiveness-Control Scale, and the Suicide Intent Scale. Adolescents with BPD had more anger, aggression, and impulsiveness than those with MDD, but similar levels of depression and hopelessness. Suicidal versus nonsuicidal adolescents were more depressed, hopeless, and aggressive, but not more angry or impulsive. There were no significant differences in impulsiveness for the MDD suicidal group versus the MDD nonsuicidal group, but the suicidal BPD adolescents were significantly more impulsive than the nonsuicidal BPD adolescents. In the subjects with BPD, impulsiveness and aggression correlated significantly and positively with suicidal behavior. In the subjects with MDD, no such correlations were seen. In both diagnostic groups, depression and hopelessness correlated positively and significantly with suicidal behavior. Anger did not correlate with suicidal behavior in either of the groups. The suicidal subjects with MDD had significantly higher suicidal intent scores than the suicidal adolescents with BPD. We conclude that the nature of suicidal behavior in adolescents with BPD differs from that seen in MDD with respect to the role of anger and aggression.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[The construction of a model for predicting adolescent smoking behavior from a 7-year follow-up survey].

Predictive factors for adolescent smoking behavior were examined prospectively in a cohort of 199 adolescents who participated in a survey in March 1983 and were followed up about 7 years later. In 1983, as junior high school students (grades 1-3), subjects completed a questionnaire which consisted of variables on smoking behaviors of subjects' family and friends, attitudes toward smoking, knowledge about the effects of smoking on health, and self-prediction of future smoking behavior. In 1990, a similar survey including variables on subjects' smoking behavior was again carried out. At that time, all were 20 years or older. It was found that the number of friends in 1983 who smoke was strongly associated with smoking behavior in 1983, and for both sexes smoking behavior in 1983 and self-prediction of future smoking behavior in 1983 were the factors which were associated with smoking behavior in 1990. Furthermore, a model for predicting smoking behavior was deduced from the foregoing results and the findings of prior studies. The covariance structure analysis supported the validity of the model and revealed that smoking behavior in 1983, number of friends who smoke, and self-prediction of future smoking behavior were important in predicting smoking behavior 7 years later.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Health risk behaviors among adolescents who do and do not attend school--United States, 1992.

High proportions of U.S. high school students engage in behaviors that place them at increased risk for the leading causes of death and morbidity (e.g., motor-vehicle crashes and other unintentional injuries, homicide, suicide, heart disease, and cancer), unintended pregnancy, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases. Because efforts to measure health-risk behaviors among adolescents throughout the United States have not included those who do not attend school, the prevalences of those behaviors are probably underestimated for the total adolescent population. To characterize more accurately the prevalence of selected health-risk behaviors among adolescents aged 12-19 years who do and do not attend school, CDC analyzed self-reported national data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), conducted as part of the 1992 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). This report summarizes the results of the analysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Social influences, social norms, social support, and smoking behavior among adolescent workers.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationships between worksite interpersonal influences and smoking and quitting behavior among adolescent workers. DESIGN: The cross-sectional survey assessed factors influencing tobacco use behavior. SETTING: During the fall of 1998, data were collected from 10 grocery stores in Massachusetts that were owned and managed by the same company. SUBJECTS: Eligible participants included 474 working adolescents ages 15 to 18. Eighty-three percent of workers (n = 379) completed the survey. MEASURES: The self-report questionnaire assessed social influences, social norms, social support, friendship networks, stage of smoking and quitting behavior, employment patterns, and demographic factors. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of respondents were never smokers, 21% experimental, 5% occasional, 18% regular, and 23% former smokers. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), results indicate that regular smokers were 30% more likely than experimental or occasional smokers to report coworker encouragement to quit (p = .0002). Compared with regular smokers, never smokers were 15% more likely to report greater nonacceptability of smoking (p = .01). chi 2 tests of association revealed no differences in friendship networks by stage of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence for the need to further explore social factors inside and outside the work environment that influence smoking and quitting behavior among working teens. Interpretations of the data are limited because of cross-sectional and self-report data collection methods used in one segment of the retail sector.

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PubMed2003

Longitudinal effect of intimate partner abuse on high-risk behavior among adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the longitudinal effect of abuse by an intimate partner on risk behavior among adolescents. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Linear regression analyses of longitudinal data from 4443 adolescents surveyed in 1995 (Wave I) and 1996 (Wave II) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Public Use Dataset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Abuse was assessed using a 5-point scale measuring if the subject had been insulted in public, sworn at, threatened with violence, pushed or shoved, or had something thrown at them by an intimate partner. The primary outcome measures were changes between Waves I and II in each of the following 5-risk behaviors: illicit substance use, antisocial behavior, violent behavior, suicidal behavior, and depression. RESULTS: Abuse between Waves I and II was associated with higher rates of all 5 risk behaviors at both Waves I and II among both sexes. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, number of intimate partners, time between interviews, baseline risk behavior scores, and the most abusive relationship experienced prior to Wave I, more severe abuse having occurred between Waves I and II was significantly associated with increased levels of depression in both sexes and increased involvement in illicit substance use, antisocial behavior, and suicidal behavior among female adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Abuse by an intimate partner is associated with higher levels of risk behavior in both sexes and incident abuse is associated with increased depression in both sexes and increased illicit substance use, antisocial behavior, and suicidal behavior among females. Intimate partner violence interventions should address the negative behaviors associated with abuse, particularly among female adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Association between P3 event-related brain potential amplitude and adolescent problem behavior.

This study examined P3 event-related brain potential amplitude and the age of onset of adolescent problem behaviors associated with the development of externalizing psychopathology. Five hundred and one male and 627 female 17-year-old twins reported whether and when they had initiated tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drug use, had police contact, or had sexual intercourse. P3 amplitude was recorded using a visual oddball task. Each of these behaviors was associated with reduced P3 amplitude. When these five behaviors were used to create a composite early problem behavior scale reflecting onset prior to age 15, higher scores were associated with smaller P3 amplitudes. P3 amplitude reduction has been associated with genetic risk for alcoholism and other externalizing disorders associated with disinhibited behavior. Our results suggest that reduced P3 may also be associated with early expression of behaviors that predict the development of these disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Dimensions of adolescent health behavior.

PURPOSE: To determine dimensions of healthy and unhealthy behaviors of young people aged 12 to 21 years to better inform measures of adolescent health behavior and assist in targeting appropriate strategies to promote health. METHODS: The study sample (N = 8730), derived from a U.S. national probability sample; 52.3% were female, 67% white, 15% African-American, 18% Hispanic, 22.2% aged 12-13 years, 38.4% aged 14-17 years, and 39.4% aged 18-21 years. Principal components analysis was done to examine the covariance structure of 42 healthy and unhealthy behaviors selected from the behavioral questions of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). RESULTS: A four-factor oblique rotation, comprised of 18 variables with factor loadings of.50 or greater, resulted in interpretable and meaningful health behavior factors. Sexual activity, substance use (e.g., alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs), smoking, and exercise factors accounted for 74% of the variance in the composite of healthy and unhealthy behaviors. These four factors were subsequently reproduced on random samples as well as on samples defined by age (12-13 years [excluding sexual activity variables], 14-17 years, 18-21 years), gender, and race (white, African-American, Hispanic). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide new information about the consistent structure of sexual activities and exercise behaviors across subgroups defined by age, gender, and racial/ethnic origins, and about differences in clusters of substance use behaviors across ethnic groups. Further study of diverse population-based samples and multiple health-promoting and health-negating behaviors should profile developmental variations and health protective factors in adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of deviant behavior of adolescents].

The relative incidence of pathological forms of deviant behavior (PFDB) was assessed in adolescents undergoing professional training (320), on last years of secondary school education (291), in those registered in regional adolescent legal inspection wards (62), and in psychoneurological outpatients (409). The nosological preference of different forms of PFDB was established with sexual dimorphism in deviant and delinquent behaviors in the groups under investigation. Deviant behavior polymorphism did not depend on the nosological nature of the disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Differences by gender and sexual experience in adolescent sexual behavior: implications for education and HIV prevention.

Researchers examined individual characteristics and peer influences related to adolescents' sexual behavior, taking gender and sexual experience into account. As part of a larger, longitudinal study investigating youth health awareness, 8th, 9th, and 10th graders reported their intentions to engage in sexual activity and use condoms in the next year, the amount of pressure they felt to engage in sexual activity, and their perceptions about the number of their peers engaging in sexual activity. Findings suggest intentions to engage in sexual behavior and use condoms, feelings of pressure to have sex, and perceptions about the number of friends engaging in sexual intercourse differ by gender and sexual experience status. Implications of these findings for health and sexuality education, as well as HIV prevention programs targeted at adolescents, are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Socioeconomic status, race, and body mass index: the mediating role of physical activity and sedentary behaviors during adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To assess how sociodemographic and activity behaviors contribute to adolescent body mass index (BMI). METHODS: One hundred and thirteen adolescents (M = 17 years; 42% Caucasian, 56% African American) were assessed on BMI. Teens reported activity levels and caregivers reported socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: Adolescents from lower SES backgrounds, and from minority groups, had higher BMI (r = -.26, p < .01 and t(110) = -3.01, p < .01). Formal statistical mediation tests revealed that sedentary behaviors significantly mediated the association between SES and BMI (Z = 2.31, p < .05), whereas physical activity significantly mediated the race-BMI association (Z = 2.32, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions targeting teen BMI could benefit by aiming to decrease sedentary behavior in low SES teens and increase physical activity in teens from minority groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Decision making in adolescents with behavior disorders and adults with substance abuse.

OBJECTIVE: The study assessed the validity of the Gambling Task as a test of decision-making ability in adolescents and examined whether adolescents with behavior disorders, who are at risk for substance abuse, have deficits in decision making similar to those exhibited by adults with substance abuse. METHOD: Performance on the Gambling Task in two testing sessions separated by 1 week was assessed in 64 12-14-year-old adolescents (31 healthy, 33 with externalizing behavior disorders) and 52 adults (22 healthy, 30 with substance abuse). RESULTS: The healthy adolescents and the healthy adults had similar performance on the Gambling Task. Adolescents with behavior disorders performed more poorly than healthy adolescents, but only in the second testing session. In adults, overall Gambling Task performance did not differ between the healthy and substance abuse groups at either testing session, indicating no difference in learning of decision-making strategies between groups. However, adults with substance abuse performed more poorly than healthy adults during an early stage of the task, when participants presumably begin to understand the rewards and penalties involved in the task but are not yet sure of the actual risk of incurring penalities. CONCLUSIONS: The Gambling Task can be used with adolescents. Testing with the Gambling Task revealed a deficit in decision making in adolescents with behavior disorders, who are at risk for substance abuse. This deficit may represent a vulnerability factor for the development of substance abuse.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Intimate partner abuse and high-risk behavior in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the associations between abuse by an intimate partner and risk behaviors among adolescents and to determine whether these associations vary by gender. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Ordinal and linear regression analyses of 1996 cross-sectional data from 4347 adolescents surveyed for wave 2 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health public use data set. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A 5-point scale was used to measure whether the adolescent had been the victim of any of the following behaviors by an intimate partner: insulted in public, sworn at, threatened with violence, or had something thrown at them. Risk behavior involvement was determined using 5 measures: substance use, antisocial behavior, violent behavior, suicidal behavior, and depressed mood. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the frequency of abuse by an intimate partner for males (21.0%) vs females (22.1%). In females, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and number of intimate partners, a history of abuse was significantly associated with substance use (values given as beta, 99% confidence interval) (0.87, 0.51-1.23), antisocial behavior (0.15, 0.10-0.20), violent behavior (0.06, 0.01-0.11), depressed mood (1.82, 1.21-2.43), and suicidal behavior (odds ratio, 1.37, 1.14-1.63). In males, abuse was independently associated with antisocial behavior (0.11, 0.03-0.19), violent behavior (0.09, 0.04-0.14), and depressed mood (1.29, 0.53-2.06). Abuse by an intimate partner had a significantly stronger association with substance use in females (0.87, 0.51-1.23) vs males (0.34, -0.09 to 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Abuse by an intimate partner is common among adolescents and has strong associations with risk behaviors among male and female victims of abuse.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health behaviors of adolescent male football athletes.

Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States. Primary prevention efforts have focused on adult populations even though there is evidence that heart disease risk factors are sometimes present in early childhood. Due to the nature of the game, adolescent male football athletes may participate in behaviors that increase heart disease risk such as power weight training and no aerobic exercise, increased calorie and fat intake, and increased substance use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Role of parenting in adolescent deviant behavior: replication across and within two ethnic groups.

The role of 2 parenting variables, monitoring and communication, in adolescent deviant behavior was examined within 4 samples; Black Americans living in Montgomery, Alabama, and the Bronx, New York, and Hispanics living in the Bronx, New York, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. The participants comprised 907 14- to 16-year-old adolescents and their mothers recruited through high schools in 3 communities. The results indicated that higher levels of parental monitoring, but not parent--adolescent communication, predicted lower levels of adolescent deviance in each of the samples. The replication of these findings in samples that vary by ethnicity and location provides strong support for the generalizability of the association between parental monitoring and low levels of adolescent deviant behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Parents, peers, and problem behavior: a longitudinal investigation of the impact of relationship perceptions and characteristics on the development of adolescent problem behavior.

This study examined longitudinal relations among adolescents' family relationships, peer relationships, and problem behavior. Participants were 1,357 African American and European American adolescents who were interviewed at 3 time points: 7th grade (mean age = 12.7 years), the summer after 8th grade (mean age = 14.2 years), and 11th grade (mean age = 17.1 years). For all racial and gender groups, 7th-grade family characteristics (youth perceptions of autonomy and warmth) predicted a risky peer context during 8th grade, which in turn predicted problem behavior during 11th grade. Additionally, problem behavior in the 7th grade predicted 11th-grade problem behavior, directly as well as indirectly through the peer context. Racial and gender differences are discussed, as are implications for future research.

Adolescent↗