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Results for “Alcoholic Intoxication”

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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effects of acute alcohol intoxication on biophysical activities: a case report.

A computer-assisted biophysical assessment was performed in a woman with chronic alcoholism at 37 weeks' gestation. She was first seen in a state of acute alcohol intoxication (322 mg/dl). Although fetal breathing movement incidence was normal (30%), fetal tachypnea (67 breaths per minute) and decreased fetal body movements (0.11%) were seen. Because these findings differ from those previously reported with regard to normal pregnancies exposed to lower levels of alcohol, their implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The missing gap. A pitfall in the diagnosis of alcohol intoxication by osmometry.

An osmolal gap (a disparity between measured and calculated serum osmolality) may accompany alcohol intoxication. We encountered a patient with methanol toxicity in whom no such gap was present, despite a markedly elevated serum methanol level. Further investigation revealed that serum osmolality had been measured with a vapor pressure osmometer; this technique may not detect volatile solutes such as alcohols. In vitro testing confirmed the insensitivity of vapor pressure osmometry to toxic ranges of both methanol and ethanol. When alcohol toxicity is suspected, an osmolal gap should be sought only if freezing point osmometry is available.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of essential phospholipids on the structural and metabolic changes in the rat liver in experimental alcoholic intoxication].

The paper deals with studies into the mechanism of hepatoprotective action of essential phospholipids (EP) in chronic alcohol intoxication. EPs reduce the count of hepatocytes with hypotopic and fatty dystrophic signs, normalize hepatic triglycerides. The EP antioxidative effect found is associated with vitamin E admixture in the preparation. EPs reduce the level of cAMP and the activity of adenylate cyclase. The activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase becomes normal only with high doses of EP (300 mg/kg). It is suggested that the hepatoprotective effect of EP may be manifested through normalization of the cAMP-dependent transduction of a signal, resulting in stabilization of hepatic metabolic processes.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed2004

Alcohol intoxication effects on visual perception: an fMRI study.

We examined the effects of two doses of alcohol (EtOH) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation during a visual perception task. The Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-Revised (MVPT-R) provides measures of overall visual perceptual processing ability. It incorporates different cognitive elements including visual discrimination, spatial relationships, and mental rotation. We used the MVPT-R to study brain activation patterns in healthy controls (1) sober, and (2) at two doses of alcohol intoxication with event-related fMRI. The fMRI data were analyzed using a general linear model approach based upon a model of the time course and a hemodynamic response estimate. Additionally, a correlation analysis was performed to examine dose-dependent amplitude changes. With regard to alcohol-free task-related brain activation, we replicate our previous finding in which SPM group analysis revealed robust activation in visual and visual association areas, frontal eye field (FEF)/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the supplemental motor area (SMA). Consistent with a previous study of EtOH and visual stimulation, EtOH resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in activation amplitude over much of the visual perception network and in a decrease in the maximum contrast-to-noise ratio (in the lingual gyrus). Despite only modest behavior changes (in the expected direction), significant dose-dependent activation increases were observed in insula, DLPFC, and precentral regions, whereas dose-dependent activation decreases were observed in anterior and posterior cingulate, precuneus, and middle frontal areas. Some areas (FEF/DLPFC/SMA) became more diffusely activated (i.e., increased in spatial extent) at the higher dose. Alcohol, thus, appears to have both global and local effects upon the neural correlates of the MVPT-R task, some of which are dose dependent.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metabolic disturbances after head injury: abnormalities of sodium and water balance with special reference to the effects of alcohol intoxication.

Eighty-eight patients with craniocerebral trauma were studied prospectively to assess the effects of the injury on sodium and water balance. Abnormalities of serum sodium and osmolality occurred in 11 of the 76 patients who were on the study more than 24 hours, and the incidence of these abnormalities was directly related to the severity of the craniocerebral injury. Hyponatremic hypo-osmolar states were as frequent as were hypernatremia and serum hyperosmolality. The major cause of the hyponatremia was inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; hypernatremia was due to dehydration and occurred predominantly in comatose patients with increased insensible fluid losses associated with pyrexia. We recommend that the initial fluid intake after craniocerebral trauma be kept between 1500 and 1800 ml/24 hours and that further fluid management be dictated by repeated serum electrolyte determinations. The electrolyte balance should be monitored continuously after a significant head injury for up to 2 weeks, because hyponatremic states sometimes develop more than 1 week after injury. The serum alcohol was measured on admission, and the level of serum alcohol correlated well with the serum osmolality on admission; thus, the degree of elevation of serum osmolality was a very good guide to the serum alcohol level. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between alcohol intoxication or chronic alcoholism and the late development of serum sodium and osmolality disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The effects of alcohol intoxication and gender on the social information processing of hostile provocations involving male and female provocateurs.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute alcohol intoxication and gender on the social information processing of hostile provocations involving male and female provocateurs. METHOD: A sample of 82 participants (50% women) was randomly assigned to either an alcohol, placebo or control group. Participants completed a baseline assessment and a social information processing protocol. The protocol consisted of 12 videotaped provocation scenarios with gender of provocateur and level of hostility (hostile versus nonhostile) crossed (three scenarios for each combination). Note: Female participants viewed 12 scenarios that presented a female target and male participants viewed 12 scenarios that presented a male target. Participants viewed each scenario separately and responded to questions from an interviewer via an intercom. Questions tapped the social information processing domains of encoding, response representation, goal selection, response generation, response evaluation and response selection. RESULTS: Analyses showed a pattern of results whereby intoxicated men evidenced a greater degree of hostile response representation, a greater proportion of aggressive goal selection, greater aggressive response generation and greater aggressive response selection than all other group-by-gender combinations. These results were found most often for scenarios where the intent was hostile and the provocateur was male. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of findings was consistent with past research on the relationship between alcohol, social information processing and aggression as well as with behavioral studies of the alcohol-aggression link. The social information processing model used in this study appears to be useful for the study of cognitive processes in the causal link between acute alcohol intoxication and aggressive behavior.

Adult↗