PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Aztreonam”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Aztreonam, a new approach in the therapy of gonorrhea].

The isolated gonococcal strains cultured from 99 patients (64 men and 35 women) with uncomplicated genital gonorrhoea were tested with regard to their susceptibility to aztreonam. No resistant strain was found. The bacteriological evaluation of 50 of these strains showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.0075 to 3.906 mcg/ml. Four of the tested strains were penicillinase-producing strains of N. gonorrhoeae. 95 patients (95.9%) were cured after administration of a single dose of 1 g aztreonam by intramuscular injection. It was not possible to exclude reinfection of the 4 remaining patients. No side effects were reported.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in phagocytosis of aerobic bacteria by neutrophils after exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of aztreonam and ciprofloxacin].

In the present research work we are performing a study on the effect of the antibiotic concentrations low minimal inhibitory concentration of aztreonam and ciprofloxacin on phagocytosis of aerobic bacteria by neutrophils (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Both antibiotics induced an increased of phagocytosis by similar mechanisms. In our assay aztreonam and ciprofloxacin would not act directly on granulocyte but they would affect the bacteria increasing the opsonization and phagocytosis.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1990

In vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel aminothiazolylglycylcephalosporin, MT0703S, compared with that of ceftazidime, cefoperazone and aztreonam.

The antibacterial activity of a novel aminothiazolylglycylcephalosporin, MT0703S, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety was compared in vitro with the activity of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, aztreonam and other beta-lactam antibiotics using seven bacterial species of a clinical origin. MT0703S showed the most potent activity against P. aeruginosa, including the ceftazidime-resistant strains, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and C. freundii. MT0703S was comparable to aztreonam but more active than ceftazidime and cefoperazone in its activity against K. oxytoca and E. cloacae, and comparable to ceftazidime against S. aureus and S. marcescens. MT0703S was more active than cefoperazone against S. marcescens but less active against S. aureus. The stability of MT0703S against various beta-lactamases appeared to be intermediate between the stability of ceftazidime and that of cefoperazone. The antimicrobial activity of MT0703S increased in a low-iron environment and decreased in a high ferric ion concentration.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1990

[Use of aztreonam in the perioperative prevention in burned patients].

The perioperative short-term prophylaxis is often used in burned patients. The basic of an adequate choice of the antibiotics is the knowledge of the kind of bacteria present in the burned areas. Because of the quality and the diversity of the bacteria, it is generally necessary to use an antibiotic combination chosen on the basis of the latest antibiogram. The Authors refer their experience of 15 cases treated with combination of aztreonam-oxacillin (10 cases) and aztreonam-tobramycin (5 cases) chosen on the basis of the latest antibiograms performed some days before surgery. The antibiotics were administered intravenously 1 hour before surgery. Three subsequent administrations every 8 hours followed. The microbiological and clinical results were positive. No systemic septic complication was reported and a global take of the skin graft was observed.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam administered i.p. in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.

The pharmacokinetics of Aztreonam (AZT) administered i.p. in six stable patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were studied. One gram of AZT was added into a 2 L bag of dialysate (Medital-Bieffe) just prior to infusion into the peritoneal cavity. The dwell time was 8 h. The serum maximum concentration of AZT was 42.5 +/- 12.4 mg/L (mean +/- SD), achieved in 4.6 +/- 1.0 h. The elimination half-life was 2.4 +/- 0.8 h, almost equal to that found in normal subjects (1.7-2 h). The pharmacokinetic parameters of elimination, as elimination rate constant and clearance of AZT from peritoneal cavity were found 0.305 +/- 0.101 h-1 and 10.05 +/- 3.7 mL/min, respectively, while the bioavailability via the peritoneal membrane was 90.8 +/- 3.05% of administered dose. It is concluded that AZT is eliminated from dialysate at a high rate after i.p. administration and its dialysate and serum levels exceed the MIC for the majority of sensitive organisms including Pseudomonas species. Aztreonam appears to be a potentially useful antibiotic for CAPD peritonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effectiveness of single daily intraperitoneal administration of aztreonam and cefuroxime in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

To discover if the management of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) may be effectively simplified by single daily i.p. administration of aztreonam (A) and cefuroxime (C), 10 adult CAPD patients (pts) with peritonitis were trained to start the following treatment procedure: a) sterile collection of dialysate effluent for cultures; b) 4 rapid in-and-out exchanges with antibiotic free dialysate; c) addition of 2 g C and 2 g A to a 2-L exchange for 6-h dwell time (the same dosage was repeated once a day in the overnight exchange); d) routine CAPD exchanges. Concentrations of C and A were measured in dialysate and serum of the patients 2, 12, 18, and 21-23 h after the i.p. administration: C remained within therapeutic range in all samples, while serum and dialysate A levels fell below such range 16 h after the i.p. administration. Seventeen peritonitis episodes occurred during the observation period (12 months): initial dialysate cultures grew Staph. aureus in 6 episodes, Staph epidermidis in 6, Pseudomonas aer. in 2, Streptococcus faecalis in 1, Citrobacter in 1, and Candida in 1. All patients but 1 (with Candida-positive culture) responded to this treatment with no relapse in 2 months. We conclude that once a day i.p. administration of 2 g aztreonam plus 2 g of cefuroxime is an effective and simple way of treating CAPD pts with gram-positive and gram-negative peritonitis.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1989

[Aztreonam and oxacillin in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with solid tumors].

22 consecutive febrile episodes in 21 neutropenic (PMN less than 1000/mmc) cancer patients, were treated with aztreonam and oxacillin. Nineteen patients were severely neutropenic (PMN less than 500/mmc). Cure was obtained in 86% of the febrile episodes, including 6/7 bacteriologically documented gram negative infections. No major side effects were observed. These results seem to indicate that aztreonam is effective as empiric treatment of gram negative infections in neutropenic patients. However, it must be used in combination with another antibiotic to ensure gram positive coverage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Bacterial infections in cancer patients without neutropenia. Comparison between 2 antibiotic combinations (aztreonam and oxacillin versus cefoxitin and tobramycin)].

In the treatment of infections arisen in neoplastic patients without neutropenia, 2 antibiotic combinations (aztreonam + oxacillin vs tobramycin + cefoxitin), have been compared with regard to therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability. Twenty patients (age: 30-75) have been studied. Tolerability of both combinations was excellent. Results of this study showed a lower percentage of superinfections and a higher percentage of cure in patients treated with the combination aztreonam + oxacillin, even if the data were not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Imipenem and aztreonam.

To date, clinical use of aztreonam has been remarkably restrained and widespread enthusiasm for addition to hospital formularies similarly moderate. Its most accepted indication appears to be in gram-negative bacillary infections in the penicillin-allergic individual where one might ordinarily use an extended spectrum penicillin or a third generation cephalosporin. In all individuals its clinical efficacy appears similar to that of the aminoglycosides, not clinically superior but offering a higher therapeutic index by virtue of its lack of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Its second application, therefore, is as an aminoglycoside-sparing agent even for multiresistant gram-negative bacillary infections, and although by no means inexpensive it offers an efficacious and safe alternative to aminoglycosides in the elderly and other patients with renal insufficiency. Aztreonam can be used effectively in combination with non-beta-lactam agents for mixed infections, even though it is not synergistic in vitro with vancomycin and clindamycin.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1989

Aztreonam: clinical pharmacology.

Monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics (monobactams) are structurally unique from the traditional bicyclic beta-lactams because of their single ring configuration. Aztreonam, the first of these monobactams, has been studied extensively in order to determine its pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic profile in adults and children with bacterial infections. It has been established, for example, that with intramuscular or intravenous dosing (30 to 50 mg/kg in children and 1 to 2 g in adults), serum concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of most aerobic Gram-negative bacteria can be maintained for up to 8 hours. Against a less susceptible pathogen such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, every-6-hour dosing allows for preservation of the bactericidal effect, although longer intervals may be practical in low birth weight infants. The drug is primarily (80%) excreted by renal mechanisms and serum clearance varies with postnatal age. Distribution into body fluids is similar to that of other beta-lactams. For example in the presence of meningeal inflammation, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations are 17 to 33% of serum values. Urinary concentrations are high and prolonged with greater than 80% appearing as the active drug. Preliminary data from cystic fibrosis patients suggest that there are very minor pharmacokinetic differences in this population. The pharmacologic profile indicates that aztreonam may provide an appropriate alternative to traditional therapy for serious Gram-negative aerobic infections in infants and children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam (AZT) in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections].

Aztreonam (AZT, Azactam) was given to 176 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), of whom 110 cases satisfied with the "Criteria of UTI Committee for the Evaluation of Drug Efficacy in the UTI (3rd Ed.)", which was modified by adopting the midstream urine data in cases of women. Aztreonam was administered by drip infusion at a daily dose of 1 to 4 grams (mostly 2 grams) for at least five days long. The overall clinical efficacy rate of AZT in the 110 cases with the complicated UTI was 64%, estimated by the criteria cited above. The efficacy rate according to the infection type groupings was 66% for the 38 patients in the 1st group, 33% for the 3 in the 2nd group, 79% for the 19 in the 3rd group, 85% for the 21 in the 4th, 47% for the 19 in the 5th and 42% for the 12 in the 6th group. The disappearance rate of Gram negative bacilli was 87.1%. Especially 15 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were eliminated out of 25 (60%) after AZT administration. Forty-six strains appeared after AZT treatment, 36 (76%) of which were Gram positive cocci. Subjective side effects and abnormal laboratory findings in a total 176 cases were: diarrhea in one, upper abdominal discomfort in one, increases in glutamic pyruvic transaminase in 8, increases in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in 5 and eosinophilia in 1. All of these disappeared after termination of the drug. AZT might therefore be a useful and safe antibiotic for the first choice use against complicated UTI.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Monodose aztreonam in the prevention of infection after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Theoretical premises].

A series of 905 patients suffering from renal calculosis and treated with ESWL is considered and the indications for antibiotic treatment with prophylactic or prolonged aztreonam reviewed: 1) for calculi with sterile urine or occasionally infected with I.S.T. less than 200, monodose prophylaxis is certainly advantageous; 2) for calculi with sterile urine or occasionally infected with I.S.T. between 200 and 500, prolonged antibiotic cover is useful; 3) for calculi with chronic infection or with I.S.T. greater than 500, prolonged target antibiotic therapy is necessary; 4) aztreonam is an effective drug for both monodose prophylaxis and for cover treatment. In more complex cases, an antibiogram indication is necessary.

Aztreonam↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibiotic prevention with aztreonam in urologic surgery in children].

In a group of 51 children aged 3 days-17 years old, 40 were given operative 8 endoscopic and 3 percutaneous surgery, while all received antibiotic prophylaxis with Aztreonam (Squibb Azactam) for the prevention of surgical infections. Preoperative uroculture revealed sterile urine in all 51 but 49 needed excretory catheters at various levels: urethral, pyelic. Drug treatment was started preoperatively at the time of narcosis and continued until catheter removal. Aztreonam was chosen for its anti-Gram negative action and absence of toxicity as reported in the literature. Urine cultures at the end of treatment and 7 days later revealed sterile urine in 49 (96%) of the children, while 2 presented asymptomatic infection by Gram positive bacteria. No significant side effects definitely attributable to the drug were encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of aztreonam in the treatment of infection caused by sensitive microorganisms].

We report a trial in 10 patients who were given Aztreonam. Six of the patients had an infection of the respiratory system while the other four had some problems with the urinary system. All the patients presented serious infections with gram negative germs. The evaluation of the results of the trial has been carried out using laboratory and clinical data before and after the treatment. The bacterial eradication and the clinical disappearance of symptomatology has been accomplished in all cases. Therefore we can affirm that the therapeutical use of "Aztreonam" has shown its effectiveness. Its tolerance has been excellent with no side effects.

Aztreonam↗
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of piperacillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, ceftazidime, azlocillin, cefoperazone, and thienamycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The in vitro susceptibility of 103 well-characterized strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nine antimicrobial agents was assessed by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and the microtiter minimal inhibitory concentration assay. The antimicrobials, from the most to the least active against P aeruginosa, were thienamycin greater than ceftazidime greater than piperacillin greater than azlocillin greater than cefoperazone greater than aztreonam greater than ticarcillin greater than ticarcillin-clavulanic acid greater than mezlocillin. The resistance patterns of the antimicrobial agents suggest that P aeruginosa resistant to a penicillin, cephalosporin, or aztreonam may be susceptible to thienamycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Systemic perioperative prophylaxis in elective oncological colorectal surgery: cefotetan versus clindamicin plus aztreonam.

A prospective randomized study was performed with 65 patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer, to evaluate the prophylactic effect of two different parenteral antibiotic regimens. All patients underwent rigorous mechanical cleansing of the bowel (enemas, laxatives), received low-residue diet 3 days pre-operatively, and were given oral metronidazole (250 mg) five times a day for 3 days preoperatively. They were divided into two groups comparable in age, nutritional status and operative procedure. The patients in group A (36) received 2 g i.v. of cefotetan at induction of anaesthesia and two other administrations every 12 h. Patients in group B (29) were given clindamicin (600 mg, i.v.) at induction of anaesthesia plus aztreonam (1 g, i.v.); two other doses of the same combined antibiotics were administered every 8 h. Five patients were excluded from the study because they underwent Miles procedure; two others because they underwent explorative laparotomy only. The overall incidence of post-operative septic complications was 6.9% (4/58). No significant differences were found in terms of the rate of surgical infections: 3.1 in group A (1/32) and 0% in group B. Urinary tract infections (1 case) and respiratory tract infections (2 cases) were observed only in group B: the rate was found to be 11.5% (3/26); two anastomotic leakages were observed in group A (6.25%) and one in group B (3.8%). These data suggest that cefotetan appears to be as effective as clindamicin plus aztreonam in prophylaxis against infection in elective colorectal surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Role of aztreonam in lower respiratory tract infections.

Pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacteria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. Most antibiotic regimens used to treat these pulmonary infections include aminoglycoside antibiotics. Since achievable serum and tissue levels of aminoglycosides are limited by dose-related nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, alternative forms of antibiotic therapy would be desirable. Aztreonam, the first clinically available monobactam antibiotic, achieves high serum levels and adequate levels in bronchial secretions and lung parenchyma for efficacy against most Gram-negative pathogens implicated in nosocomial pneumonias. The results of early clinical trials comparing aztreonam with aminoglycosides for treatment of Gram-negative bacterial pneumonias indicate that this monobactam antibiotic is a safe, effective alternative to aminoglycoside therapy.

Aztreonam↗