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PubMed1979

[High-density lipoprotein subfractions and sex hormones in the blood plasma of men 40 to 59].

Examination of 50 males aged from 40 to 59 years showed that an increase or decrease in the level of cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins (HDLP) occurs mostly at the expense of cholesterol of the HDLP2 subfraction. Changes in the concentration of sex hormones in the blood plasma are attended by a change in the number of HDLP2 particles, evidence of which was a change in the content of HDLP2 cholesterol and phospholipids with the level of HDLP3 cholesterol and phospholipids remaining unaltered. A higher content is attended by a rise in the level of HDLP2 cholesterol and HDLP2 phospholipids. A negative correlation between the level of estradiol and that of triglycerides in blood plasma (r=-0.61; p less than 0.01) and a positive correlation between the content of estradiol and the level of HDLP2 cholesterol and phospholipids (r=+0.34; p less than 0.05 and r=+0.37; p less than 0.05, respectively were revealed in males with estradiol concentration of 1--8 ng/dl. There was no correlation between the above-mentioned values when the concentration of estradiol in blood plasma was higher (8--16 ng/dl). In hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, the relation in very low density lipoproteins of apoprotein SH, which inhibits lipoprotein lipase, and apoprotein SP, which activates this enzyme, was higher than normal while the relation of these apoproteins in HDLP was lower.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The histamine and serotonin levels in the blood plasma of diabetic patients].

Fluorometry was done in 52 patients with diabetes mellitus to determine the blood plasma content of free histamine and free serotonin. The control group was 29 essentially healthy subjects. Significant increase was found out in free histamine during the stage of decompensation of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.01). With compensation of diabetes mellitus setting in, the content of histamine returns to normal (P < 0.01). The blood plasma level of free histamine can be used as an additional criterion in the assessment of compensation of diabetes mellitus. Free histamine is supposed to play an active part in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood plasma cyclic nucleotides and compensatory-restorative processes in duodenal peptic ulcer].

Contents of cAMP and cGMP in blood plasma as well as ratio cAMP/cGMP were studied by radioimmunoassay in 56 patients with duodenal ulcer of various severity. The examination was performed twice: before the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment in a hospital. The analysis carried out with regard to the treatment efficacy in every variant of the clinical course of the disease showed that poor treatment results are associated with the dynamics of cyclic nucleotide (CN) plasma levels, especially with the increased ratio cAMP/cGMP, regardless of the disease severity which is characteristic of blood plasma CN taking part in compensatory-adaptive mechanisms in duodenal ulcer and evidences the necessity of differentiated approach to the treatment in accordance with developed adaptive reactions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1983

Rapid emergency testing using blood plasma.

A method of blood analysis, using plasma instead of serum, is very valuable in shortening the time for reporting an emergency test by about 50-60%, by eliminating the serum separation step. Good correlation between plasma and serum was obtained for common chemical analyses.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The correction of the trace element composition of the blood plasma in patients with ischemic heart disease by using Eunicap M].

Changes were studied in the blood plasma content of trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper and zinc) before and after a 20-day course of treatment in patients with IHD, stable angina, who were given, apart from antianginal therapy, eunicap M having in its composition trace elements (iron, manganese, cuprum, and other trace elements). It has been ascertained that IHD is accompanied by changes in the blood plasma content of trace elements. Combination of eunicap M with antianginal therapy promotes the tendency toward normalization of iron and cuprum metabolism; there was no significant change in the content of zinc and manganese, which fact may be related to a deficient content of manganese in the given drug preparation or a greater demand for them in patients with atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Genetically polymorphic alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA1) isozymes detected in blood plasma.

The main isozyme patterns of desialylated blood plasma or serum alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA) were found to be almost identical to those of semen, urine, placental extracts, and leukocyte lysates, when detected by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, and activity staining using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoside. Three phenotypes (1, 2-1, and 2) determined from plasma samples were identical to the phenotypes from urine and leukocyte lysates from the same individuals. A population study of plasma samples collected from 485 Japanese individuals indicated that the frequencies of the FUCA1*1 and FUCA1*2 alleles were 0.7505 and 0.2495, respectively. The mean plasma enzyme activities (+/- SD) of the three phenotypes were 318.8 +/- 116.7 nmol/ml per h for type 1, 268.0 +/- 108.3 nmol/ml per h for type 2-1, and 233.2 +/- 84.4 nmol/ml per h for type 2. The mean activities of types 1 and 2 suggest that, on average, the FUCA1*1 gene product in plasma has about 1.4 times the activity of FUCA1*2.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoantibodies against modified low density lipoprotein. Nonlipid factor of blood plasma that stimulates foam cell formation.

The blood serum of patients with coronary atherosclerosis possesses an ability to induce the accumulation of cellular lipids in primary cultures of human aortic intimal cells. Factors responsible for this property of the atherosclerotic patients' sera are represented by modified (desialylated) low density lipoprotein (LDL) and a nonlipid factor interacting with LDL. It was assumed that the nonlipid factor was antibodies against LDL. Total immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction was isolated from the sera of atherosclerotic patients, and IgGs interacting with LDL (anti-LDL) were then purified by affinity chromatography on a sorbent with immobilized LDL. From the sera of patients, a 30-fold greater amount of anti-LDL has been isolated than from the sera of healthy donors. The affinity constant of anti-LDL to the lipoprotein obtained from the blood of healthy donors was 2 x 10(7) M-1. The affinity of anti-LDL to the lipoprotein from the blood of atherosclerotic patients, as well as to LDL desialylated in vitro with neuraminidase, was much higher. Anti-LDL increased the uptake of LDL by cultured aortic cells by approximately 2.5-fold and substantially increased intracellular lipid accumulation. The obtained data suggest that autoantibodies against LDL are an essential factor of blood plasma responsible for its atherogenic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Rheumatoid arthritis: cyclic nucleotides in the blood plasma].

The content of cyclic nucleotides in blood plasma was measured in 151 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. As compared to the control, the patients demonstrated a significant decrease of the cAMP content and a rise of the cGMP content. The disease standing was found to produce an appreciable effect on the cAMP content. RA patients untreated with glucocorticoids manifested significant correlations between the content of cyclic nucleotides and some characteristics of inflammation and of the immune status. At the same time the majority of such correlations may be lost under conditions of hormonal dependence, which is likely to attest to dysregulation of inflammatory process. In the course of the treatment, the content of cAMP in the plasma increase is attended by a reduction increases in 63.8% of the patients. In the majority of them, that of the level of circulating immune complexes, thereby supporting the relationship between immunopathological and metabolic disorders at the cellular level.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed2006

Carbogen breathing differentially enhances blood plasma volume and 5-fluorouracil uptake in two murine colon tumor models with a distinct vascular structure.

For the systemic treatment of colorectal cancer, 5-fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy is the standard. However, only a subset of patients responds to chemotherapy. Breathing of carbogen (95% O2 and 5% CO2) may increase the uptake of FU through changes in tumor physiology. This study aims to monitor in animal models in vivo the effects of carbogen breathing on tumor blood plasma volume, pH, and energy status, and on FU uptake and metabolism in two colon tumor models C38 and C26a, which differ in their vascular structure and hypoxic status. Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to assess tumor pH and energy status, and fluorine-19 MRS was used to follow FU uptake and metabolism. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods using ultrasmall particles of iron oxide were performed to assess blood plasma volume. The results showed that carbogen breathing significantly decreased extracellular pH and increased tumor blood plasma volume and FU uptake in tumors. These effects were most significant in the C38 tumor line, which has the largest relative vascular area. In the C26a tumor line, carbogen breathing increased tumor growth delay by FU. In this study, carbogen breathing also enhanced systemic toxicity by FU.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Determination of mevalonate in blood plasma in man and rat. Mevalonate "tolerance" tests in man.

A method is described for the determination of mevalonate in ultrafiltrates of blood plasma. The method depends on the phosphorylation of mevalonate with [gamma-32P]ATP and mevalonate kinase to 5-[32P]phosphomevalonate, and the subsequent isolation of the 5-[32P]phosphomevalonate together with known amounts of added 5-phospho[14C]mevalonate by ion-exchange chromatography. The 32P/14C ratio in the isolated 5-phosphomevalonate is a linear function of the mevalonate content of the samples. The smallest amount that can be determined is 1--2 pmol. The fasting level in human plasma varied between 20 and 75 pmol/ml. Human red blood cells absorb mevalonate from plasma relatively slowly; their maximum storage capacity is about 1.3 pmol/10(6) red cells. An oral and intravenous "mevalonate tolerance test" in man is described that can be carried out with 200 and 30 mumol. respectively, of the unlabeled (RS)-mevalonate in a 70-kg man. Beer and wine contain mevalonate at a concentration of 3--8 microns, too low to provide a significant amount of mevalonate even for heavy drinkers. The mevalonate content of the plasma from the blood of the vena cava inferior of male rats varied between 81 and 502 pmol/ml and is positively related to the levels of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-CoA reductase, suggesting that the liver is probably the main source of mevalonate circulating in blood. The plasma of renal venous blood contained only 33--85% as much mevalonate as the arterial plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Exercise-induced changes of endorphin contents in hypothalamus, hypophysis, adrenals and blood plasma.

Changes of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin contents were determined in hypothalamus, hypophysis, adrenals and blood plasma in Wistar rats. Four hours of swimming in water at 32 +/- 1 degrees C caused a decrease of the beta-endorphin content in hypophysis and hypothalamus. In adrenals, beta-endorphin did not change. Changes of alpha- and gamma-endorphins were not parallel to alterations of beta-endorphin. In blood plasma, levels of both alpha- and gamma-endorphins were elevated. After 7 days of swim training, 4 hours of swimming caused a slight increase of alpha-, beta- and gamma-endorphin levels in hypophysis as well as a pronounced increase of alpha- and beta-endorphins in adrenals. In hypothalamus, beta-endorphin content was decreased, but alpha-endorphin content was on the level of sedentary controls, gamma-endorphin content doubled. The levels of endorphins in blood were higher than after a single swimming bout. It was concluded that during acute exercise the activation of the opioid system is mainly based on the augmented release of beta-endorphin. In daily repeated exercise the production of beta-endorphin increases and exceeds the elevated release in hypophysis and adrenals.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1995

Method to create small photo-bleached volumes to monitor blood plasma flow in capillaries.

A method has been developed to examine the movement of plasma in capillaries using intravital microscopy. Spatial transients in fluorescence properties are instantaneously induced by laser photo-bleach pulses after which the convective recovery can be monitored. The plasma is tagged with fluorescent dyes coupled to bovine serum albumin, which is injected well before the measurements and circulates with the blood stream. A laser beam from an argon laser source, set to emit light with a wavelength of 488 nm, is focused on the illumination field diaphragm and creates a spot in the object plane of the microscope. At low laser power, the laser spot is aimed at a blood plasma gap between red blood cells in a capillary segment, using a steerable mirror. Light sensors, coupled to photo-multipliers in the secondary image plane of the microscope, record the light intensity of the moving plasma/dye while the preparation is continuously illuminated with a xenon epi-illuminating set-up. The laser photo-bleach spot is then used to bleach the dye complex within a 5.4 microns segment of the capillary for less than 20 ms. The movement of the bleached plasma bolus is tracked by the photo-sensors, placed sequentially along the capillary. Both dye and red blood cell passage can be detected in the photo-multiplier signals, and the relative velocities of the two blood components can be measured. Measurements reveal that the ratio of transit times between blood plasma and red blood cells is 1.23 (SD = 0.22, N = 18), which is in good agreement with measurements by other techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Macro- and trace element concentrations in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of dairy cows exposed to electric and magnetic fields.

Eight multiparous, nonlactating pregnant Holstein cows (at 198 +/- 35 days of gestation and weighing 608 + 24 kg) and seven nonlactating nonpregnant ovariectomized heifers (weighing 370 + 29 kg) were confined to wooden metabolism crates in an electric and magnetic field chamber. Subarachnoidal catheters were inserted before the activation of the electric and magnetic fields. For 30 days, cows and heifers were continuously exposed in separate trials to electric and magnetic fields (60 Hz, 10 kV/m, and 30 microT). Blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected for 3 consecutive days before the exposure period, the last 3 days of the exposure period, and for 3 days starting 5 days after the exposure period. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Na, P, and K in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were determined. Exposure to electric and magnetic fields resulted in decreased concentrations of Mg in blood plasma and in increased concentrations of Ca and P and decreased concentrations of Fe and Mn in cerebrospinal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Changes in blood plasma osmolality and states of mania.

Manic patients were studied systematically over a period of months. Fluctuations in their blood plasma osmolality were observed and these correlated significantly of and inversely with undulations in their mania rating scores. Successful treatment of patients with lithium carbonate was correlated with increasing levels of their plasma osmolality and with a significant remission of mania symptomatology. Animal studies have shown that adaptations to altered blood plasma osmolalities are accompanied by profound metabolic changes in tissues of the central nervous system. A similar relationship is likely to exist in man. We suggest, therefore, than an altered plasma osmolality is linked to changes in manic symptomatology, through osmotically regulated metabolic changes in the central nervous system.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1999

[A study on the relationship between lymphocyte micronucleus rates and blood plasma benzo(a)pyrene levels in coking workers].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between lymphocyte micronucleus rates and blood plasma levels of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] in coking workers. METHODS: One hundred coking workers and 100 unexposed workers were selected, and their lymphocyte micronucleus rates and plasma levels, as well as workplace air concentrations, of B(a)P were determined. RESULTS: It showed that there was significant difference in plasma B(a)P level between coking workers and unexposed workers, and it correlated with air concentration of B(a)P in the workplace. Positive rates of micronucleus and rates of micronucleus lymphocyte were 60% and 1.79per thousand in coking workers and 29% and 1.10per thousand in controls, respectively, with very significantly statistical difference. It also showed that positive micronucleus rate correlated with plasma level of B(a)P in dose-effect pattern. Multivariate analysis showed that factors contributing to positive micronucleus rate ranked in such an order: plasma level of B(a)P, economic status, regularity of their lifestyle and smoking status of the coking workers. CONCLUSION: Accumulation of B(a)P in blood plasma played a major role in the formation of lymphocyte micronucleus. Results of micronucleus test in coking workers could reflect preliminary damage to their health caused by it.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lipid composition of Yoshida ascites hepatoma and of livers and blood plasma from host and normal rats.

The lipid composition of Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells was analyzed together with that of ascitic plasma and of livers and blood plasma from host and normal rats. In comparison to normal livers, host livers showed no significant differences in the content of the various lipid classes, but contained a higher percentage of palmitic acid and a lower proportion of arachidonic acid in the major phospholipid classes. In addition, tumor growth induced a marked hypertriglyceridemia in host animals; changes in the concentration of other plasma lipid classes were not statistically significant. The ascitic plasma contained small amounts of lipids mainly constituted by cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. Yoshida hepatoma cells contained less phospholipids in comparison to both host and normal liver, while the increased level of triglycerides and the decrease of free fatty acids were not statistically significant. Hepatoma cells showed appreciable amounts of ether-linked lipids associated in part to neutral lipids (as glyceryl ether diesters) and, in part, to ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides. The alkyl groups in GEDE as well as in ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides were mainly constituted by C16:0 and C18:0 followed by C18:1. The alk-1-enyl groups in ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides were C16:0 and C18:0 with only a minor proportion of C18:1. In comparison to both host and normal liver, Yoshida hepatoma cells showed significant changes in the fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids. Some of the major changes consisted of an increase of monoenoic acids associated with a decrease of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The binding of blood plasma proteins and salivary proteins to hydroxyapatite columns and its effect on demineralization in an in vitro system].

Demineralization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) columns by acidic acetate buffer proceeds in two phases. In an initial phase which is characterized by the formation of pH gradient within the HAP sediment, calcium but no phosphate ions are eluted from the column. In the second phase when a low pH value has been established in the pellet calcium and phosphate are eluted in a ratio identical to that of the original HAP. The binding of human blood plasma proteins and saliva proteins to the HAP as well as the effect of the protein binding on HAP demineralization was investigated. The maximum binding capacity of HAP for the proteins of unstimulated mixed saliva is about four times lower than the binding of human serum albumin or blood plasma proteins. However, saliva proteins affect HAP demineralization more markedly than the other proteins. Whereas the pretreatment of HAP with human serum albumin does not alter the the demineralization process. binding of blood plasma proteins inhibits the initial phase of demineralization. Both phases of HAP demineralization are strongly inhibited when saliva proteins are bound to HAP. It is also shown that demineralization modifies the protein binding to HAP.

Blood Proteins↗