SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “BREATHING EXERCISES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral and oronasal breathing during continuous exercise produce similar responses to ozone inhalation.

Breathing route has a profound effect on sulfur dioxide-induced pulmonary function response in human subjects. There is comparatively little evidence of the effects of oral, nasal, and oronasal breathing on ozone (O3)-induced responses in humans. In this study, six young adult males were exposed on five occasions to 0.40 parts per million (ppm) O3 while exercising continuously at one of two workloads (minute ventilation, VE, of approximately 30 and 75 l/min). The VE exposure time product was similar for all protocols. Four exposures were delivered randomly with a Hans-Rudolph respiratory valve attached to a silicone facemask, with breathing route effected with and without noseclip. A 2 x 2 analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant differences (p less than .05) across conditions in pulmonary function, exercise ventilatory pattern, or subjective symptoms responses. The fifth exposure, delivered via the same respiratory valve with mouthpiece, but without facemask, revealed significantly greater forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0) impairment than that observed for the respiratory valve, facemask with noseclip exposure (-20.4% and -15.9%, respectively). The latter suggests partial O3 reactivity to the facemask and clean shaven facial surface of the subjects, although reduced oral scrubbing by mouthpiece-induced bypassing of the oral vestibule might account, in part, for this difference. Recent O3 uptake evidence from another laboratory, however, supports our conclusion that breathing route during moderate and heavy continuous exercise does not affect acute physiologic responses to 0.40 ppm O3.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The effect of gentle arm exercise and deep breathing on secondary arm lymphedema.

The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of gentle arm exercise combined with deep breathing for secondary arm lymphedema. 38 women participated in 10 minutes of standardized arm exercise and deep breathing and were measured every 10 minutes for 1 hour, then 24 hours and 1 week post regime. A smaller cohort of 24 women continued the 10 minute exercise regime morning and evening for 1 month, with measurements being repeated at the end of this time. Directly after performing the regime, there was a reduction in arm volume of 52 mls (5.8%), with the reduction being sustained at 30 minutes (50 mls, 5.3%). Even though participants were told not to further do the exercise, at 24 hours the volume reduction was 46 mls (4.3%) and at 1 week, 33 mls (3.5%). At the one month follow-up, the reduction was 101 mls (9.0%). All reductions were statistically significant. Reported arm heaviness and tightness also statistically significantly decreased directly after the regime with the reduction in tightness being sustained at 24 hours. The reduction in heaviness was sustained at 24 hours, 1 week, and even one month after the program. Perceived limb size was significantly reduced at 1 week and at the 1 month follow-up. There was also a significant improvement in the anterior thorax tonometry reading at the 1 month follow-up.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Kapalabhati pranayama: breath of fire or cause of pneumothorax? A case report.

Spontaneous pneumothorax is the most common cause of pneumothorax. We report a case of a 29-year-old healthy woman who presented to the emergency department with a spontaneous pneumothorax caused by a yoga breathing technique called Kapalabhati pranayama, or breath of fire. Yoga breathing exercises are commonly practiced, and a limited number of studies have shown various physiologic benefits of yoga breathing. This is the only known report of spontaneous pneumothorax caused by pranayama, but some other rare causes are noted. This case should illustrate that adverse side effects can occur when one pushes the body to physiologic extremes.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Effect of nasal and oral breathing on exercise-induced asthma.

The effect of nasal as well as oral breathing during level-ground running for 6 min on the post exercise bronchial response was studied in fifteen people (five asthmatics with exercise liability, five asthmatics with no such liability and five normals). Each patient did the exercise twice; once with the nose clipped and once with the mouth closed. FEV1 was measured before exercise, immediately after exercise and at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min thereafter. A fall in FEV1 of 20% or more from the basal level was taken as evidence of bronchoconstriction. When the patients were required to breath only through the nose during the exercise, the post-exercise bronchoconstrictive response was markedly reduced as compared with the response obtained by oral breathing during exercise, indicating a beneficial effect of nasal breathing. Nasal breathing was beneficial as compared with oral breathing in normals as well. In the five asthmatics with no exercise liability no appreciable difference was observed. This study suggests that the oropharynx and nasopharynx play important roles in the causation of exercise-induced asthma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Effect of intravenous administration of furosemide on mass-specific maximal oxygen consumption and breathing mechanics in exercising horses.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether i.v. administration of furosemide (250 mg) to horses before maximal exercise affected maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), breathing mechanics, or gas exchange during exercise. ANIMALS: 7 healthy, well-conditioned Thoroughbred horses. PROCEDURES: 5 horses initially performed an incremental treadmill exercise test to determine VO2max 4 hours after i.v. administration of furosemide (250 mg i.v.) or placebo (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution). Time to fatigue and distance run were recorded. All 7 horses were then used to determine the effects of furosemide on gas exchange and breathing mechanics at 40, 60, 80, and 100% of VO2max. Horses were weighed immediately before exercise. RESULTS: Furosemide treatment significantly increased mass-specific VO2max (5.3%), but absolute VO2max was not significantly altered. In the 2 parts of the study, body weights were 2.9 and 2.5% higher when horses were given placebo than when they were given furosemide. Time and distance run at speeds > or = 11.0 m/s were significantly greater following furosemide administration. Furosemide treatment had no effect on breathing mechanics or gas exchange. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Previous studies have suggested that prerace administration of furosemide may have a positive effect on performance. Results of this study indicate that this may be attributable, in part, to an increase in mass-specific VO2max but not to improvements in breathing mechanics or gas exchange. Most of the increase in mass-specific VO2max appeared to be attributable to weight loss associated with diuresis induced by furosemide.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Factors associated with improvement in breathing capacity during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between resting pulmonary function indices and the ratio of minute ventilation at peak exercise to the maximal voluntary ventilation (VEmax/MVV) and to determine whether an improvement in breathing capacity during exercise (i.e. VEmax/MVV > 1) is associated with greater exercise capacity in patients with COPD. METHODOLOGY: The results of pulmonary function tests and incremental, symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 84 patients with predominantly moderate to severe COPD were reviewed. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to determine the relationship of VEmax/MVV with selected independent variables at rest. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of VEmax/MVV </= or > 1. RESULTS: FEV1/FVC and inspiratory capacity (IC) were the only variables among resting pulmonary function indices that were significant independent determinants of VEmax/MVV and the stepwise analysis generated the following equation: VEmax/MVV = (-1.05E-02 x FEV1/FVC) + (0.15 x IC) + 1.28; r= 0.701, P < 0.001. Using multiple logistic regression with VEmax/MVV </= or > 1 as a dependent categorical variable, FEV1/FVC was the only significant predictor among resting pulmonary indices of a VEmax/MVV ratio of > 1 (Odds ratio 0.93, 95%CI 0.89, 0.97). There was a significant association between VEmax/MVV and peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) after adjusting for FEV1 (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). If the categorical variable of VEmax/MVV (</= or > 1) was used instead of a continuous variable, a significant association with VO2max remained after adjusting for FEV1 (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among resting pulmonary function indices, the FEV1/FVC ratio is the best determinant of an improvement in breathing capacity during exercise in COPD patients. After adjusting for FEV1, an improvement in breathing capacity during exercise is associated with significantly higher exercise capacity.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

A Java software for calculating mean breath-by-breath variability in gas exchange parameters: application in young cardiac patients with exercise-related periodic breathing.

Oscillatory changes in parameters of gas exchange have been reported during rest and exercise in cardiac patients with severely depressed left ventricular function. As a result of the growing interest in this oscillatory phenomenon, several methods for assessment of this ventilatory response have been presented in cardiovascular research. Nowadays, objective measurement becomes more important. Therefore, the software reported in this study is based on calculating the mean breath-by-breath variability in respiratory variables and has the advantage that patients can be compared to normal controls. This Java-based software is available for public download under: http://www.perswww.kuleuven.ac.be/Steven_Vangesselen

Belgium↗

PubMed1990

Mechanics of breathing during strenuous exercise in Thoroughbred horses.

The changes induced by exercise on the mechanics of breathing, as well as the simultaneous changes occurring in arterial blood gas tensions and in respiratory gas exchange were investigated in 6 healthy thoroughbred horses, performing a treadmill exercise of increasing intensity. Respiratory airflow and tidal volume (VT) were measured with ultrasonic flowmeters. Pleural pressure changes were measured by an oesophageal balloon catheter. Gas concentration of the expired air was analysed with a mass spectrometer; the oxygen consumption (VO2) and the carbon dioxide output (VCO2) were computed breath-by-breath. Arterial blood gas values were obtained by sampling from the carotid artery. Between rest and fast gallop VT, respiratory frequency, expired minute ventilation (VE), VO2, VCO2, total pulmonary resistance (RL), mechanical work of breathing (Wrm) and PaCO2 increased significantly while PaO2 decreased significantly. The Wrm.VO2(-1) ratio in galloping horses increased exponentially with VE. This, together with the relationship between the changes in PaO2 and in PaCO2 and the increase in the ventilatory mechanics parameters, suggests that the mechanics of breathing may be one of the factors constraining further increase in ventilation in exercising healthy horses.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Most frequently used alternative and complementary therapies and activities by participants in the AMCOA study.

This literature review examines the current state of the scientific evidence published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in MedLine for the 10 most commonly noted alternative activities reported by the first 1,016 eligible participants in the Alternative Medical Care Outcomes in AIDS study. The most frequently used activities are aerobic exercise (64%), prayer (56%), massage (54%), needle acupuncture (48%), mediation (46%), support groups (42%), visualization and imagery (34%), breathing exercises (33%), spiritual activities (33%), and other exercise (33%). Despite frequency of usage, clinical research is not reported on MedLine to support the use of most of these activities for HIV/AIDS. The limitations of using MedLine as the sole source for this review are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current concepts and therapeutic approaches.

The fifth leading cause of death in the United States, chronic obstructive respiratory conditions, cannot be cured but can be considerably ameliorated by appropriate management. Many patients with COPD have a combination of chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. While the damage due to emphysema is permanent, many of the pathophysiologic changes of asthma and bronchitis can be reversed to some extent, and such reversal should be a goal of therapy. Smoking cessation will help the patient more than any other medical treatment. Bronchodilator therapy is best given by inhalation from a metered dose inhaler and on a maintenance basis. Be sure to check inhaler technique. An anticholinergic agent, eg, ipratropium bromide, is probably most effective, but many patients prefer a beta 2-selective adrenergic agent. Xanthines are currently third choice but are very useful to cover nocturnal dyspnea. Corticosteroids are usually only used in acute exacerbations and then only for short courses. If prolonged use is required, however, the inhalation route minimizes side effects to which these patients are particularly prone. Antibiotics are also usually only used in exacerbations, but one can be liberal with them. Use the less expensive broad-spectrum options for ten days. Some clinicians believe that hydration is an effective expectorant. Mucolytic therapy is extensively used outside the United States. The appropriate role of mucolytic therapy in the treatment of bronchitis remains to be more fully explored. Low-flow oxygen is only used in the prevention or treatment of cor pulmonale when the PaO2 is persistently at or below 55, or with a rising hematocrit and right-sided cardiac changes. If used, oxygen is helpful only when given long term for at least 18 h per day, not on a prn basis. Cardiac glycosides are probably of little benefit, but diuretics have an important role in treatment of fluid retention. Pulmonary vasodilator therapy is still experimental, as is almitrine. Prophylaxis with pneumococcal vaccine and annual influenza vaccine is rational but has not been proven to be of value. Exercise and activity should be encouraged for all except those with frank congestive heart failure. The role of "breathing exercises" is currently being reevaluated. Surgery has almost no place in the management of COPD. Anesthesia often results in postoperative complications in this disease. Avoid all sedatives and tranquilizers.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Transcutaneous, noninvasive PO2 monitoring in adults during exercise and hypoxemia.

A new, commercially available, transcutaneous (tc) PO2 monitor was tested in adult females and in laboratory animals to assess its applicability in measuring arterial oxygen tension during physiological stress. Observed values on dogs correlated well with direct measurements of arterial PO2 and with previous data obtained from measurements of arterial blood during exercise and hypoxemia. In our female subjects the unit responded rapidly to changes in inspired ambient oxygen and electrical stability was excellent during maximal exercise tests. Transcutaneous PO2 decreased to an average of 87.8 Torr during maximum exercise breathing 20.9% O2, and to 32 Torr while breathing 12.6% O2 at maximum work. Two distinct patterns of response to tc PO2 were observed during hypoxic and normoxic exercise. The technique appears to have substantial future application both in clinical and physiological investigation involving adult subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Effect of sulphur dioxide on tracheobronchial clearance at rest and during exercise.

Exposure to pollutants may cause injurious effects by impairing mucociliary transport, one of the lung's most important defences. We have studied the effect of sulphur dioxide (SO2) on tracheobronchial clearance (a) at rest and (b) while exercising, by monitoring lung retention of an inhaled radio-aerosol. Clearance was measured in two sets of conditions. 99mTc-albumen aerosol was inhaled as a bolus in late inspiration under controlled conditions to achieve reproducible deposition in large airways. The studies showed: (1) Clearance was highly reproducible in individuals in repeat control studies. (2) Acute exposure to 5 ppm SO2 showed a small transient speeding of mucociliary clearance at rest. (3) (i) Exercise alone speeded clearance significantly (P less than 0.05). (ii) Exercising in 5 ppm SO2 showed a significant speeding of clearance (P less than 0.05) beyond that found in air breathing exercise controls. (4) Pulmonary function tests showed no significant change except a decrease in flow rate (MMEF) in both (a) and (b) studies (P less than 0.01).

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Aggravated hypoxia during breath-holds after prolonged exercise.

Hyperventilation prior to breath-hold diving increases the risk of syncope as a result of hypoxia. Recently, a number of cases of near-drownings in which the swimmers did not hyperventilate before breath-hold diving have come to our attention. These individuals had engaged in prolonged exercise prior to breath-hold diving and it is known that such exercise enhances lipid metabolism relative to carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in a lower production of CO(2) per amount of O(2 )consumed. Therefore, our hypothesis was that an exercise-induced increase in lipid metabolism and the associated reduction in the amount of CO(2) produced would cause the urge to breathe to develop at a lower P O(2), thereby increasing the risk of syncope due to hypoxia. Eight experienced breath-hold divers performed 5 or 6 breath-holds at rest in the supine position and then 5 or 6 additional breath-holds during intermittent light ergometer exercise with simultaneous apnoea (dynamic apnoea, DA) on two different days: control (C) and post prolonged sub-maximal exercise (PPE), when the breath-holds were performed 30 min after 2 h of sub-maximal exercise. After C and before the prolonged submaximal exercise subjects were put on a carbohydrate-free diet for 18 h to start the depletion of glycogen. The respiratory exchange ratio ( RER) and end-tidal P CO(2), P O(2), and SaO(2) values were determined and the data were presented as means (SD). The RER prior to breath-holding under control conditions was 0.83 (0.09), whereas the corresponding value after exercise was 0.70 (0.05) ( P <0.01). When the three apnoeas of the longest duration for each subject were analysed, the average duration of the dynamic apnoeas was 96 (14) s under control conditions and 96 (17) s following exercise. Both P O(2) and P CO(2) were higher during the control dynamic apnoeas than after PPE [PO(2) 6.9 (1.0) kPa vs 6.2 (1.2) kPa, P <0.01; P CO(2) 7.8 (0.5) kPa vs 6.7 (0.4) kPa, P <0.001; ANOVA testing]. A similar pattern was observed after breath-holding under resting conditions, i.e., a lower end-tidal P O(2) and P CO(2) after exercise (PPE) compared to control conditions. Our findings demonstrate that under the conditions of a relatively low RER following prolonged exercise, breath-holding is terminated at a lower P O(2) and a lower P CO(2) than under normal conditions. This suggests that elevated lipid metabolism may constitute a risk factor in connection with breath-holding during swimming and diving.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Periodic breathing during physical exercise: expression of a form of ventricular interdependence?].

Periodic breathing may be observed in patients with severe congestive heart failure during exercise. We describe a patient with such a breathing pattern. We noted that nadir of oxygen consumption cycles slightly preceded the nadir of ventilation cycles, suggesting that this breathing pattern is due to cardiac output periodic changes, possibly through an interplay among the two ventricles and the pulmonary blood reservoir.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗

PubMed1986

Blood gases and respiratory pattern in exercising fowl: comparison in normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Clavicular air sac pressure, arterial blood gases and pH, and rectal temperature were measured in treadmill-exercised cockerels breathing air, 10% O2 in N2 or a mixture of 10% O2/3% CO2 in N2. Air sac pressures were used to estimate changes in the rate and the relative depth of breathing. In air-breathing conditions exercise took place at two intensities corresponding to treadmill speeds of 3.2 and 5.0 km h-1, respectively. Rectal temperature increased by 0.5 degrees C but there was no sign of thermal hyperventilation and arterial PCO2 remained constant. Increased ventilation was mainly brought about by changes in respiratory rate, with relatively small increases in depth. During exercise at 3.2 km h-1 inhalation of 10% O2 in N2 produced a 35% increase in ventilation and breathing became faster and shallower. Arterial PCO2 fell by 3-4 Torr, apparently as a result of lung hyperventilation. Addition of 3% CO2 to the hypoxic gas restored normal arterial PCO2 and reversed the trend to polypneic breathing. However, it failed to produce an exact matching of respiratory characteristics with those observed during isocapnic exercise hyperpnea. It is concluded that rapid, shallow breathing during hypocapnic hypoxia in running birds serves as a mechanism to minimize lung hyperventilation and CO2 washout. This reflex, which may stem from the intrapulmonary CO2 receptors, occurs in the face of a severe hypoxic challenge. Failure to match respiratory characteristics during isocapnic hypoxia and isocapnic exercise may be due to an inhibitory effect of the inhaled CO2 on these receptors.

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed1990

Diaphragmatic perfusion heterogeneity during exercise with inspiratory resistive breathing.

Regional distribution of diaphragmatic blood flow (Q; 15-microns-diam radionuclide-labeled microspheres) was studied in normal (n = 7) and laryngeal hemiplegic (LH; n = 7) ponies to determine whether the added stress of inspiratory resistive breathing during maximal exercise may cause 1) redistribution of diaphragmatic Q and 2) crural diaphragmatic Q to exceed that in maximally exercising normal ponies. LH-induced augmentation of already high exertional work of breathing resulted in diminished locomotor exercise capacity so that maximal exercise in LH ponies occurred at 25 km/h compared with 32 km/h for normal ponies. The costal and crural regions received similar Q in both groups at rest. However, exercise-induced increments in perfusion were significantly greater in the costal region of the diaphragm. At 25 km/h, costal diaphragmatic perfusion was 154 and 143% of the crural diaphragmatic Q in normal and LH ponies. At 32 km/h, Q in costal diaphragm of normal ponies was 136% of that in the crural region. Costal and crural diaphragmatic Q in LH ponies exercised at 25 km/h exceeded that for normal ponies but was similar to the latter during exercise at 32 km/h. Perfusion pressure for the three conditions was also similar. It is concluded that diaphragmatic perfusion heterogeneity in exercising ponies was preserved during the added stress of inspiratory resistive breathing. It was also demonstrated that vascular resistance in the crural and costal regions of the diaphragm in maximally exercised LH ponies remained similar to that in maximally exercising normal ponies.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed2006

[Guideline for the non-pharmacological treatment of COPD].

The non-pharmacological treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprises a large number of related components. Active case-finding is advocated in (ex-)smokers above the age of 40 who either cough or have 2 respiratory-tract infections per year. Structured self-management programmes may have positive effects; follow-up is of importance to prevent relapse of unhealthy behaviour. Patients with COPD must not smoke. Exercise training is essential in all stages of COPD; an exercise test should be done first, especially in severe COPD. Exercise training should preferably be incorporated in a pulmonary-rehabilitation programme if other components of such a programme are also indicated. Certain breathing exercises may be considered in patients that feel anxious or tense. Nutritional support combined with exercise training should be considered in patients with severe COPD and underweight, involuntary weight loss or a deficiency of fat-free mass. There are limited indications that psychosocial interventions may have a positive effect on the well-being and psychosocial function of patients with COPD. An exercise test to assess the maximum tolerated energy expenditure is indicated in COPD patients that experience limitations on their physical capabilities during work. Maintenance therapy with supplemental oxygen should be considered in case of hypoxia (PaO2 < 7.3 kPa) and if the PaO2 = 7.3-8.0 kPa combined with indications of pulmonary hypertension, peripheral oedema or a haematocrit > 0.55. A yearly influenza vaccination is indicated.

Exercise↗

PubMed1998

Assessment of ventilatory neuromuscular drive in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

The presence of abnormalities of the respiratory center in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and their correlation with polysomnographic data are still a matter of controversy. Moderately obese, sleep-deprived OSA patients presenting daytime hypersomnolence, with normocapnia and no clinical or spirometric evidence of pulmonary disease, were selected. We assessed the ventilatory control and correlated it with polysomnographic data. Ventilatory neuromuscular drive was evaluated in these patients by measuring the ventilatory response (VE), the inspiratory occlusion pressure (P.1) and the ventilatory pattern (VT/TI, TI/TTOT) at rest and during submaximal exercise, breathing room air. These analyses were also performed after inhalation of a hypercapnic mixture of CO2 (delta P.1/delta PETCO2, delta VE/delta PETCO2). Average rest and exercise ventilatory response (VE: 12.2 and 32.6 l/min, respectively), inspiratory occlusion pressure (P.1: 1.5 and 4.7 cmH2O, respectively), and ventilatory pattern (VT/TI: 0.42 and 1.09 l/s; TI/TTOT: 0.47 and 0.46 l/s, respectively) were within the normal range. In response to hypercapnia, the values of ventilatory response (delta VE/delta PETCO2: 1.51 l min-1 mmHg-1) and inspiratory occlusion pressure (delta P.1/delta PETCO2: 0.22 cmH2O) were normal or slightly reduced in the normocapnic OSA patients. No association or correlation between ventilatory neuromuscular drive and ventilatory pattern, hypersomnolence score and polysomnographic data was found; however a significant positive correlation was observed between P.1 and weight. Our results indicate the existence of a group of normocapnic OSA patients who have a normal awake neuromuscular ventilatory drive at rest or during exercise that is partially influenced by obesity.

Adult↗