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PubMed1999

Correlational analysis of acoustic cues for the discrimination of auditory motion.

The sound of a source moving in a straight path and passing directly in front of the listener on the azimuthal plane was synthesized over headphones to include three dynamic cues for motion: Doppler effect, overall intensity, and interaural time difference. Discriminability of a change in displacement, velocity, and acceleration of this source was measured using a standard two-interval, forced-choice procedure. In each case, the relative reliance or weight given to the three acoustic cues was estimated from correlations of the listener's response with small independent pertubations imposed on cues from trial to trial. Group estimates of threshold agreed well with results from past studies, while the obtained pattern of weights depended on the individual, starting velocity, and discrimination task. For the discrimination of displacement at moderate velocity (10 m/s), responses were most highly correlated with intensity or interaural time difference. For the discrimination of velocity and, to a lesser extent, acceleration, responses were most highly correlated with Doppler effect. At higher velocity (50 m/s) responses in all discrimination tasks were most strongly correlated with Doppler effect with few exceptions. Randomizing source spectrum or roving distance of the source from trial to trial did not significantly affect the pattern of results. The results suggest that motion perception is mutable, and not in all cases based on a single invariant acoustic cue.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1989

Cross-correlation analysis of taste neuron pairs in rat solitary tract nucleus.

1. Experiments were conducted to examine the possibility that the taste-sensitive neurons with similar taste-selectivity are preferentially innervated by common driving neurons whose taste-selectivity is also similar. 2. Multiple microelectrodes, in most cases a pair of glued electrodes, were inserted into the unilateral solitary tract nucleus (NTS) of the rat, and simultaneous recordings were made in neuron pairs responding to the four basic taste stimuli. The spike response density (RD) of each neuron during tastant stimulation was determined. Correlation coefficients of spike occurrence were calculated for each neuron pair during application of tastants and distilled water and also during spontaneous background activity. The frequency of correlated discharge (FC) of a neuron pair was measured as the area of the peak appearing on the cross-correlogram (CC). The FC value was divided by the RD value to calculate the weight of the correlated discharges in the output of each neuron (WC value). 3. Eleven pairs showed peaks in the CC constructed during tastant stimulation, whereas in other 11 pairs no peaks were found. The cross-correlation-positive group with peaks was composed of 18 NaCl-best (responding most vigorously to NaCl) and 4 HCl-best neurons, whereas the negative group without peaks included 9 NaCl-best, 9 HCl-best, and 4 sucrose-best neurons. 4. In the cross-correlation-positive pairs the taste quality most effective for one of the component neurons was often (13 NaCl-best and 2 HCl-best, 15/22 = 0.681) identical to the taste quality giving the highest probability of correlated discharge, i.e., highest FC value, in the neuron pair. 5. There were five cross-correlation-positive pairs (5/11 = 0.455) in which both of the component neurons were NaCl-best and the FC value was highest during NaCl stimulation. 6. The CCs constructed during water application exhibited peaks for all the pairs which gave positive cross-correlation in response to stimulation with tastants, whereas all pairs with negative cross-correlation during tastant stimulation never gave a detectable peak during water application. 7. In three pairs of the cross-correlation-positive group, the CCs constructed during spontaneous background activity without application of any liquid showed a small peak. 8. During NaCl stimulation some neurons exhibited relatively high FC values, but the WC values were always low. In contrast, during sucrose stimulation, the FC value was always low, but the WC value was quite high in some neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Rapid perfusion abnormality estimation in acute stroke with temporal correlation analysis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Determination of the presence or absence of ischemic penumbra through diffusion-perfusion mismatch requires rapid delineation of both abnormalities. Although singular value decomposition-based perfusion parameter estimation has offered valuable insights into the underlying cerebral hemodynamics, the associated postprocessing procedures have limited its widespread use. We explored the utility of a simple technique to define perfusion abnormality in acute stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty acute stroke patients were studied. The MR dynamic contrast approach was used to obtain cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time (MTT). Temporal correlation was used to correlate 4 reference functions-an arterial input function (AIF), a normal tissue function, a lesion function, and a venous output function-with dynamic contrast MR images, and correlation coefficients (CCs) were calculated pixel by pixel. In addition, chronic-state T2-weighted images were coregistered onto the images acquired acutely for assessing the sensitivity and specificity of CC-defined lesion. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in cerebral blood flow and MTT were found between CC-defined normal and abnormal tissues with all 4 reference functions used. When the final infarct volume was used as the gold standard, a similar sensitivity between MTT (78%) and AIF (76%) CC-defined lesion was obtained, whereas the specificity was higher for AIF (61%) than that obtained with MTT-defined lesion (52%). CONCLUSIONS: We explored CC maps as a simpler alternative of estimating perfusion abnormality, and results demonstrated the potential clinical utility of a correlation-based technique for estimating brain perfusion status.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Correlation analysis of blood pressure and platelet aggregation/vascular reactivity in SHRSP, WKY, F1 and backcross generations.

1. Hypofunction of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) platelets at developmental ages of hypertension is due to the defective protein (p47) phosphorylation which is mediated by protein kinase C. This study was undertaken to examine the genetic association of platelet functions and vascular reactivity with hypertension using male WKY, SHRSP, F1 and backcross generations at 16-18 weeks of age. 2. The distribution of blood pressure was continuous in each generation. 3. Contraction of mesenteric vascular bed with norepinephrine was positively correlated with blood pressure in the five generations (r = 0.77, n = 128). 4. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was inversely correlated with blood pressure (r = -0.87, n = 127). 5. The distribution of platelet aggregation and contraction was continuous in each generation, and backcross generations were not likely to have 1:1 segregation. 6. These results suggest the possibility that platelet hypoaggregability and peripheral vascular resistance are due to the pleiotropic effect of hypertensive genes, or that genes controlling these three characters are closely linked each other.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Gray correlation analysis and prediction models of living refuse generation in Shanghai city.

A better understanding of the factors that affect the generation of municipal living refuse (MLF) and the accurate prediction of its generation are crucial for municipal planning projects and city management. Up to now, most of the design efforts have been based on a rough prediction of MLF without any actual support. In this paper, based on published data of socioeconomic variables and MLF generation from 1990 to 2003 in the city of Shanghai, the main factors that affect MLF generation have been quantitatively studied using the method of gray correlation coefficient. Several gray models, such as GM(1,1), GIM(1), GPPM(1) and GLPM(1), have been studied, and predicted results are verified with subsequent residual test. Results show that, among the selected seven factors, consumption of gas, water and electricity are the largest three factors affecting MLF generation, and GLPM(1) is the optimized model to predict MLF generation. Through this model, the predicted MLF generation in 2010 in Shanghai will be 7.65 million tons. The methods and results developed in this paper can provide valuable information for MLF management and related municipal planning projects.

China↗

PubMed1992

The sequential hypothesis of sleep function. IV. A correlative analysis of sleep variables in learning and nonlearning rats.

Female adult rats were trained for a two-way active avoidance task (4 h), and allowed free sleep (3 h). Control rats (C) were left in their home cages during the acquisition period. Dural electrodes and an intraventricular cannula, implanted one week in advance, were used for EEG recording during the period of sleep and for the injection of [3H]thymidine at the beginning of the training session, respectively. Rats were killed at the end of the sleep period, and the DNA-specific activity was determined in the main brain regions and in liver. Correlations among sleep, behavioral and biochemical variables were assessed using Spearman's nonparametric method. In learning rats (L), the number of avoidances was negatively correlated with SS-W variables, and positively correlated with SS-PS variables (episodes of synchronized sleep followed by wakefulness or paradoxical sleep, respectively) and with PS variables. An inverse pattern of correlations was shown by the number of escapes or freezings. No correlations occurred in rats unable to achieve the learning criterion (NL). In L rats, the specific activity of brain DNA was negatively correlated with SS-W variables and positively correlated with SS-PS variables, while essentially no correlation concerned PS variables. On the other hand, in NL rats, comparable correlations were positive with SS-W variables and negative with SS-PS and PS variables. Few and weak correlations occurred in C rats. The data support a role of SS in brain information processing, as postulated by the sequential hypothesis on the function of sleep. In addition, they suggest that the elimination of nonadaptive memory traces may require several SS-W episodes and a terminal SS-PS episode. During PS episodes, adaptive memory traces cleared of nonadaptive components may be copied in more suitable brain sites.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

[Correlation analysis of structures and gas chromatographic retention indices of aliphatic alcohols].

A characteristic value of atom i is defined as A(i) = (delta(i)v + sigma n(ij)v)/(1 + sigma n(ij)). Based on the adjacency matrix, an average valence connectivity index is set up by A(i) as (m)L = sigma (A(i), x A(j) x A(k)...)(-0.5). The first topological index (1)L among (m)L is defined as (1)L = sigma (A(i) A(j))(-0.5). Then (1)L of aliphatic alcohols were calculated. (1)L has good structural selectivity. (1)L and orientating group parameter (beta) have high correlativity with the gas chromatographic retention indices of 25 aliphatic alcohols on six different stationary phases (SE-30, OV-3, OV-7, OV-11, OV-17 and OV-25). A general linear regression equation is proposed as follows: I = a + b (1)L + cbeta, where I stands for the gas chromatographic retention index, a, b and c are regression coefficients. All the correlation coefficients were larger than 0.98. These models can better elucidate the change rule of the gas chromatographic retention indices for aliphatic alcohols. Moreover, using this model, the gas chromatographic retention indices of ten aliphatic alcohols have been predicted, and the results are quite satisfactory. It has been demonstrated that the quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) models have good stability and predictability.

Chromatography, Gas↗

PubMed1987

Correlative analysis of longitudinal changes in bronchoalveolar lavage, 67gallium scanning, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, chest X-ray, and pulmonary function tests in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Despite the relatively high cost and complicated procedures, Gallium-67 (67Ga) scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are increasingly advocated as more sensitive indicators of disease activity in sarcoidosis than chest X-ray and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (SACE). To evaluate the clinical usefulness of 67Ga scanning and BAL, we followed 31 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, using these four parameters, at 9- to 24-month intervals over periods of 9 to 48 months. We obtained 68 complete evaluations. Close correlations were observed among chest X-ray, 67Ga scanning, SACE, and the percentage of lymphocytes in BAL fluid (p less than 0.1 to 0.001). Longitudinal changes were also well correlated in these four parameters (p less than 0.001) and paralleled the changes in vital capacity (p less than 0.01 to 0.001). However, we were unable to predict the patients' outcome from the initial evaluation of these four parameters. These results suggest that, in terms of their usefulness for estimating disease activity, the differences among these four indicators are negligible. We therefore conclude that chest X-ray and SACE sufficiently reflect disease activity and that, at present, routine evaluation by 67Ga scanning and BAL are not necessarily indicated in the long-term management of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

The effects of alpha-latrotoxin of black widow spider venom on synaptosome ultrastructure. A morphometric analysis correlating its effects on transmitter release.

The morphological effects of alpha-latrotoxin, the major component of black widow spider venom, were studied quantitatively in a crude synaptosome fraction (prepared from rat brain cortices) which was incubated at 37 degrees C for 10 min in Ringer solutions. Two toxin concentrations were employed, one causing a very large stimulation of transmitter release (approximately 65% and approximately 43% release of [3H]noradrenaline from preloaded synaptosomes, with and without Ca2+ in the incubation buffer), the other 50-60% as active. Incubated synaptosomes, fixed in suspension with aldehydes, were evenly dispersed in agarose before embedding, to assure randomized sampling in the subsequent morphometric analysis. In all the experimental conditions investigated, alpha-latrotoxin treatment caused a significant decrease in the density (number/unit area) of synaptic vesicles in synaptosome profiles. Such an effect was dose-dependent and partially Ca2+-dependent, in good agreement with the data on transmitter release. At high toxin concentration a moderate increase of synaptosome volume and surface area was observed, both with and without Ca2+. Mitochondrial swelling appeared only in synaptosomes treated in Ca2+ containing medium. These effects of alpha-latrotoxin are similar to those described previously at the neuromuscular junction. Thus, the toxin might be a tool of general use for studying vertebrate synapses.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Correlation analysis between frequencies of circulating antigen-specific IgG-bearing memory B cells and serum titers of antigen-specific IgG.

Recent studies in mice have indicated that the long-lasting specific antibody responses seen after vaccination are probably due to the existence of long-lived plasma cells. Therefore, because the maintenance of humoral immunity does not necessarily reflect continuous restimulation of long-lived memory B cells, the question arises as to what degree antibody immunity, as determined by measuring serum immunoglobulin titers against a particular antigen, and memory B cell immunity, as determined by counting circulating memory B cells with specificity for that same antigen, correlate. Here, using a new assay combining two-step immunomagnetic enrichment with multiparameter flow cytometry to detect, enumerate and characterize antigen-specific memory B cells, we show for tetanus toxin C-fragment in blood of normal tetanus toxoid vaccinized donors, and for wasp venom phospholipase A1B in blood of wasp venom-allergic donors undergoing an immune therapy with wasp venom, that there is no statistically significant linear correlation between the frequencies of circulating antigen-specific IgG-bearing memory B cells and the serum titers of antigen-specific IgG. This lack of a statistically significant linear correlation is in accordance with the idea that B memory cells and plasma cells represent independently controlled forms of immunological memory.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed2004

Correlation analysis of the optics of progressive addition lenses.

PURPOSE: To investigate the relations between selected key optical parameters and the sizes of the clear viewing areas of progressive addition lenses (PALs). METHODS: The optics of 28 PALs (plano with +2.00 D add) currently on the market were measured with a Rotlex Class Plus lens analyzer. Horizontal cross sections were analyzed in 1 mm vertical steps with respect to the fitting cross. Distance, intermediate, and near viewing zone widths and areas were calculated from the measurements. The maximum amount of unwanted astigmatism, minimum zone width (0.50 DC limit), and maximum power rate in the corridor were also recorded for each lens. Correlation coefficients were determined for all relations. RESULTS: Each of the three viewing zone areas had a significant negative relation with the other (r of -0.4 to -0.8), indicating design tradeoff. Maximum power rate was significantly related to minimum zone width (r = -0.695), which was significantly related to maximum astigmatism (r = -0.616), but there was not a significant relation between maximum power rate and maximum astigmatism. Higher power rates and narrower minimum zones were significantly related to smaller intermediate and larger near zones (r = 0.4 to 0.9). Maximum astigmatism was related to distance zone width (r = 0.42) and to intermediate zone size (r = -0.4 to -0.56), but not significantly related to near viewing zone. Power rate and astigmatism each vary relatively uniformly across each lens. CONCLUSIONS: The fundamental relation appears to be between power rate and zone width, each of which is highly related to sizes of the intermediate and near viewing zones. The maximum amount of astigmatism is related to zone width, but not to maximum power rate. The amount of astigmatism is unrelated to the size of the near zone. The pattern of correlations between the optical and viewing zone parameters help identify the underlying optical relations of PALs.

Eyeglasses↗

PubMed2006

Functional conformations of the L11-ribosomal RNA complex revealed by correlative analysis of cryo-EM and molecular dynamics simulations.

The interaction between the GTPase-associated center (GAC) and the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex is of crucial importance in the dynamic process of decoding and tRNA accommodation. The GAC includes protein L11 and helices 43-44 of 23S rRNA (referred to as L11-rRNA complex). In this study, a method of fitting based on a systematic comparison between cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) density maps and structures obtained by molecular dynamics simulations has been developed. This method has led to the finding of atomic models of the GAC that fit the EM maps with much improved cross-correlation coefficients compared with the fitting of the X-ray structure. Two types of conformations of the L11-rRNA complex, produced by the simulations, match the cryo-EM maps representing the states either bound or unbound to the aa-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex. In the bound state, the N-terminal domain of L11 is extended from its position in the crystal structure, and the base of nucleotide A1067 in the 23S ribosomal RNA is flipped out. This position of the base allows the RNA to reach the elbow region of the aminoacyl-tRNA when the latter is bound in the A/T site. In the unbound state, the N-terminal domain of L11 is rotated only slightly, and A1067 of the RNA is flipped back into the less-solvent-exposed position, as in the crystal structure. By matching our experimental cryo-EM maps with much improved cross-correlation coefficients compared to the crystal structure, these two conformations prove to be strong candidates of the two functional states.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Quantitative evaluation for secondary injury to perihematoma of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage by functional MR and correlation analysis with ischemic factors.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse quantitatively for the secondary injury to the perihematoma region of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients by functional MR imaging technique. METHODS: 35 ICH patients were recruited and performed T1, T2, perfusion weight imaging (PWI), diffusion weight imaging (DWI) and FLAIR sequence scanning. Hematoma volume and edema volume of perihematomal area as well as parameters of blood volume [regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), mean transit time (MTT)] alteration were calculated. RESULTS: Varied blood flow decline was detected in the patients on the perihematoma sides, compared with the corresponding area of the opposite sides. There was significant difference of rCBV and MTT (p=0.00) and mild negative correlation between rCBV and hematoma volume (p=0.00) among groups; edema volume of perihematoma region and hematoma volume showed a linear correlation (p=0.00). Moreover, positive correlation between edema intensity and rCBV was detected, (p=0.00); the most significant perihematoma edema was in the group of day 10 to day 14; the lowest rCBV occurred in the early stage. (days 2-5 from symptom onset). CONCLUSION: We have concluded that rCBV and MTT of perihematoma region decreased remarkably compared with the contralateral side, and the decline would last over 3 weeks. Quantitative research suggested edema intensity is closely related with rCBV. We believe that the reduced regional blood flow of perihematoma contributes to the secondary ischemic injury of perihematoma tissue. However, the peak of edema would appear later than the onset of the peak of ischemia, it suggests that edema surrounding the hematoma is not only the result from the single ischemic factor, but also results from multiple disadvantage mechanisms.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in children with migraine: a correlation analysis.

Visual potentials evoked by pattern reversal (PRVEPs) were studied in 64 normal children (age range 7 to 15 years) and in 20 age-matched patients with common and complicated migraine (age range 6 to 16 years). Most of them were studied before and during prophylactic therapy. A Quadristim set (Alvar) was used to present checkerboard patterns on a TV monitor, to amplify the EEG signals and to average and plot the evoked potentials. The potentials were elicited by binocular full-field 2/s checkerboard reversal, recorded from an electrode 4 cm above the inion, and analyzed for latency, amplitude and waveform morphology. The degree of similarity between pairs of PRVEPs was determined by the correlation coefficient. In all our patients no pronounced influence of the disease itself was demonstrated on the PRVEP latencies and amplitudes, but in most of them the correlation coefficients were significantly different from that showing the measure of normal PRVEP variations. Prophylactic medication influenced non-significant increase of the coefficient. This increase seems to be related to recovery from medication in terms of attack frequency. No significant difference in PRVEP results of common and complicated migraine was noticed. The PRVEP distortion can be revealed by the correlation coefficient but not by other PRVEP parameters. Therefore, this parameter may be useful as a sensitive measure of both PRVEP distortion and PRVEP improvement. Our results give further evidence that non-demyelinating disorders, but with ischemic damage and abnormalities in neurotransmitters, can produce measurable changes in PRVEP morphology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Work-related bladder cancer risks in male Japanese workers: estimation of attributable fraction and geographical correlation analysis.

One hundred and forty-nine relative risks (RRs) on occupations and bladder cancer were extracted from 27 case-control studies and geometric means were calculated for 27 occupations as summary RRs. Those in high risk occupations, among whom the summary RRs significantly exceeded unity, were found to be petroleum workers (RR = 3.51), dye workers (RR = 3.38), machinists (RR = 2.76), drivers (RR = 2.22), rubber workers (RR = 2.19), printers (RR = 2.12), clothing/tailors (RR = 2.10), wood workers/carpenters (RR = 1.70), miners (RR = 1.68), textile workers (RR = 1.63), mechanics (RR = 1.54), engineers (RR = 1.54), leather workers (RR = 1.49), painters (RR = 1.48) and chemical workers (RR = 1.44). The estimated numbers of male bladder cancers in 1980 in the high risk and other occupations were 820 and 2065 cases, respectively. The estimated number of work-related bladder cancer was 548 cases, the attributable fraction being 19% in active employees and 12% in the entire population. The geographical distribution of male bladder cancer deaths in Japan was positively correlated with the distributions of workers in the transport/communications industry and in tertiary industries including services, wholesale, retail, finance and insurance, whereas it was negatively correlated with the distribution of workers in the agricultural industry. These findings suggest that workers in certain industries may be at high risk of bladder cancer, but lifestyle modification associated with urbanization and industrialization could be an alternative explanation.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2003

P105 as a prognostic indicator in patients irradiated for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer: a clinical/laboratory correlative analysis of RTOG-9003.

PURPOSE: In a previous retrospective study, p105 AD, a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen density (AD), was found to be an independent prognostic factor for patients irradiated for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer. We sought to confirm this finding by analyzing patients entered on RTOG 9003, a Phase III randomized trial of altered fractionation radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Paraffin blocks of pretreatment biopsies of the primary tumor of patients with Stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or supraglottic larynx, or Stage II squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx or base of tongue entered on RTOG 9003 were prospectively collected at patient entry. From these paraffin blocks, areas of tumor were selected based on histologic examinations and sectioned. Nuclear suspensions were then prepared and processed for p105 antibody and DNA staining. Flow cytometric quantification of p105 labeling indices and DNA content were then performed for correlation with local-regional control and survival. RESULTS: Paraffin blocks of tumor biopsies from 457 of 1073 patients entered were available for p105 determination. There was no significant difference in pretreatment characteristics between patients who had paraffin blocks available or not available. The median (range) of p105 labeling index (LI-C), p105 labeling index of cells in S phase (p105 LI-S), and p105 AD were 56 (range: 6-99), 8.255 (range: 0.913-23), and 67 (range: 5-364), respectively. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors showed that T stage, N stage, Karnofsky performance status, and fractionation schedule were significant for local-regional control (p < 0.0001, 0.0011, <0.0001, and 0.007, respectively) and T stage, N stage, Karnofsky performance status, and tumor grade were significant for survival (p = 0.018, 0.002, <0.0001, and 0.0058, respectively). Neither p105 LI-C nor p105 LI-S nor p105 AD nor DNA ploidy was significant for local-regional control or survival. CONCLUSION: p105 labeling indices, antigen density, and DNA ploidy do not predict the outcome of patients irradiated for advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1993

Intrasynovial levels of sulphated glycosaminoglycans and autoantibodies to type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis: a correlative analysis.

It is uncertain whether the autoantibodies to type II collagen that occur frequently in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but rarely in other articular diseases, are primary or secondary to cartilage damage. Hence, we measured antibodies in synovial fluid from patients with RA and other articular diseases and related these to the concentration of sulphated glycosaminoglycans, as a measure of ongoing cartilage catabolism. Synovial fluids from 42 patients with RA and 30 patients with other articular diseases were studied. We found that levels of antibodies to native and denatured collagen were significantly higher in RA than in all other articular diseases, whereas concentrations of sulphated glycosaminoglycans were similar. The absence of any correlation between levels of sulphated glycosaminoglycans and antibodies to collagen weighs against the occurrence of such antibodies in RA as a secondary effect of cartilage damage.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Correlation analysis between WNK4 gene and essential hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate association of mutation in WNK4 gene with essential hypertension and to analyze the expression of WNK4 gene. METHODS: cSNP in WNK4 gene in a small samples was detected by sequencing, then PCR-RFLP was performed in 98 patients with essential hypertension and 95 control subjects. The expression profile of WNK4 gene was tested by RT-PCR. RESULTS: A cSNP was detected in WNK4 gene exon7 G1662A, and there were significant differences in the distribution of allele frequency of G1662A between essential hypertension group and control group. WNK4 gene were expressed in the tissues of kidney, brain, lung, heart, spleen and intestine of fetus. CONCLUSION: WNK4 gene is well correlated with essential hypertension.

Adult↗