Dermoscopic diagnosis of furuncular myiasis.
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Animals↗
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Results for “Dermoscopy”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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A clinical, histological, and computer-based assessment of the Polaris LV, combination diode, and radiofrequency system, for leg vein treatment.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Electro-optical synergy (ELOS) is a novel technology that combines radiofrequency (RF) with optical energy. This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of the Polaris LV system, which is based on combined RF and diode laser (915 nm), for the treatment of leg veins. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty women (Fitzpatrick II-IV) with red or blue leg veins (1-4 mm in diameter) were treated with the Polaris LV, using a fluence of 60-80 J/cm(2) and conducted RF energy of 100 J/cm(3). Patients received up to three treatment sessions at 2- to 4-week intervals. Both patients and an independent physician graded the level of vessel clearance at 2 months following the last treatment, using pre- and post-treatment photographs. Also, a computer-generated assessment of vessel clearance was done in 40 patients. Twenty patients provided biopsy specimens for histologic assessment. RESULTS: Approximately three-quarters of patients demonstrated >/= 50% vessel clearance, and about 30% had 75%-100% vessel clearance. Computer-generated scores correlated closely with physician scores. Histologic assessment showed signs of coagulation and prominent endothelial degeneration in all treated vessels, but the epidermis remained normal. There were minimal complications. CONCLUSIONS: The Polaris LV is effective and safe in treating red and blue leg veins up to 4 mm in diameter.
Adult↗
Improved confidence intervals for the sensitivity at a fixed level of specificity of a continuous-scale diagnostic test.
For a continuous-scale diagnostic test, it is of interest to construct a confidence interval for the sensitivity of the diagnostic test at the cut-off that yields a predetermined level of its specificity (for example, 80, 90 or 95 per cent). In this paper we propose two new intervals for the sensitivity of a continuous-scale diagnostic test at a fixed level of specificity. We then conduct simulation studies to compare the relative performance of these two intervals with the best existing BCa bootstrap interval, proposed by Platt et al. Our simulation results show that the newly proposed intervals are better than the BCa bootstrap interval in terms of coverage accuracy and interval length.
Computer Simulation↗
New confidence intervals for the difference between two sensitivities at a fixed level of specificity.
For two continuous-scale diagnostic tests, it is of interest to compare their sensitivities at a predetermined level of specificity. In this paper, we propose three new intervals for the difference between two sensitivities at a fixed level of specificity. These intervals are easy to compute. We also conduct simulation studies to compare the relative performance of the new intervals with the existing normal- approximation-based interval proposed by Wieand et al. Our simulation results show that the newly proposed intervals perform better than the existing normal-approximation-based interval in terms of coverage accuracy and interval length.
Confidence Intervals↗
Model-based parameter recovery from uncalibrated optical images.
We propose a novel method for quantitative interpretation of uncalibrated optical images which is derived explicitly from an analysis of the image formation model. Parameters characterising the tissue are recovered from images acquired using filters optimised to minimise the error. Preliminary results are shown for the skin, where the technique was successfully applied to aid the diagnosis and interpretation of non-melanocytic skin cancers and acne; and for the more challenging ocular fundus, for mapping of the pigment xanthophyll.
Algorithms↗
[Red circumscribed tumor on the foot].
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Adult↗
Vibrational microscopy and imaging of skin: from single cells to intact tissue.
Vibrational microscopy and imaging offer several advantages for a variety of dermatological applications, ranging from studies of isolated single cells (corneocytes) to characterization of endogenous components in intact tissue. Two applications are described to illustrate the power of these techniques for skin research. First, the feasibility of tracking structural alterations in the components of individual corneocytes is demonstrated. Two solvents, DMSO and chloroform/methanol, commonly used in dermatological research, are shown to induce large reversible alterations (alpha-helix to beta-sheet) in the secondary structure of keratin in isolated corneocytes. Second, factor analysis of image planes acquired with confocal Raman microscopy to a depth of 70 microm in intact pigskin, demonstrates the delineation of specific skin regions. Two particular components that are difficult to identify by other means were observed in the epidermis. One small region was formed from a conformationally ordered lipid phase containing cholesterol. In addition, the presence of nucleated cells in the tissue (most likely keratinocytes) was revealed by the spectral signatures of the phosphodiester and cytosine moieties of cellular DNA.
Absorption↗
Office capillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis.
The aims of this study are to assess the reliability of two office techniques, the ophthalmoscope and the Dermlite dermatoscope, and to detect nailfold capillaroscopy abnormalities in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Two separate studies were performed. In the first, the nailfolds of two fingers on one hand of 13 SSc patients and two normals were examined by four rheumatologists using an ophthalmoscope. In the second, the nailfolds of the two fingers of each hand of six SSc patients and two normals were examined by six rheumatologists with a Dermlite dermatoscope. Widefield capillary microscopy was performed by one observer in the ophthalmoscope study to assess validity. The examiners determined the presence or absence of dilated loops, giant capillary loops, and/or avascular areas on each digit. The kappa coefficient was calculated to demonstrate agreement. With the ophtalmoscope, the inter-observer kappa coefficients were 0.43, 0.54, and 0.19; the average intra-observer agreements were 0.61, 0.56, and 0.31; and the ophthalmoscope-microscope agreement were 0.63, 0.52, and <0.1 for dilated capillaries, giant capillaries, and avascular areas, respectively. With the dermatoscope, the kappa values for inter-observer reliability were 0.63, 0.40, and 0.20; and intra-observer reliability was 0.71, 0.55, and 0.40 for dilated capillaries, giant capillaries, and avascular areas, respectively. The ophthalmoscope and the dermatoscope provide moderate to substantial reliability to detect the presence of giant and dilated capillaries but poor inter-observer agreement for avascular areas. The ophthalmoscope is valid when compared to the microscope for detecting giant or dilated capillaries. We conclude that these techniques are useful office tools to detect capillary abnormalities in SSc.
Dermoscopy↗
Efficacy of current approaches to non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer and the potential impact of artificial intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, particularly within Caucasian populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively review the current literature on non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer and evaluate the current evidence to support the use of tools in addition to, or in replacement of clinician face-to-face assessment. METHODS: A literature search was conducted for publications in PubMed, Medline and Embase databases. Articles describing accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and outcomes of their mode of assessment were included. A total of 208 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the interpretation of dermatoscopic images was high for melanoma diagnosis, basal cell carcinoma or malignancy, in comparison to dermatoscopic assessment alone by clinicians and experts. Although AI interpretation of images demonstrated higher sensitivity for melanoma diagnosis in comparison to clinical assessment combined with dermatoscopic assessment, it is unclear if this is also the case for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Reflectance confocal microscopy, a non-invasive high resolution imaging technique, is known to have a high sensitivity for diagnosing cutaneous malignancy, and this may have applications within secondary care. Therefore, AI could help reduce resource burden and aid in clinical assessment, particularly within primary care settings.
Humans↗
Current technologies for the in vivo diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas.
The rising incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been observed in the past decades. Currently, there is no cure for metastatic melanoma; only early diagnosis followed by prompt excision of cutaneous lesions ensures a good prognosis. The clinical ABCD rule is created as a framework for differentiating melanomas from benign pigmented skin lesions, and it serves as the basis for current clinical diagnosis. The ABCD rule relies on four simple clinical morphologies of melanoma: 1) Asymmetry, 2) Border irregularity, 3) Color variegation, and 4) Diameter greater than 6 mm. Although it is valuable, it has its limitations. Currently, the diagnostic accuracy for physicians is about 65%. This statistic implies that 1) melanomas with subtle signs are missed as benign lesions, and 2) benign lesions are over diagnosed as melanomas, which lead to unnecessary biopsies.
Dermoscopy↗
Cutaneous melanoma: uncommon presentations.
Melanoma is the most important nonepithelial skin cancer. The diagnosis is usually made by clinical examination including dermatoscopy and histology. There are, however, variants of melanoma that miss the characteristic signs of pigmented lesions which are easily detectable when using the ABCD rule.
Adult↗
Simultaneous fluorescence imaging of protease expression and vascularity during murine colonoscopy for colonic lesion characterization.
BACKGROUND: Molecularly targeted fluorescent probes are currently being developed to improve the endoscopic detection of intestinal pathologic conditions. OBJECTIVE: We report on the development and testing of a novel multichannel microendoscope capable of quantitatively reporting such probes simultaneously at different wavelengths in real time. We assessed the feasibility of detecting and quantifying beacons that can be activated by protease and correlating imaging with disease state. DESIGN: The microendoscope consisted of a 20-gauge fiberoptic catheter and dichroic beam splitters that simultaneously display visible light, 700 nm and 800 nm near infrared (NIR) fluorescent light. NIR interchannel separation was tested on in vitro phantoms. Two mouse models were used (Apcmin(+/-) mice for colonic adenomas and CT26 murine colon cancer). A perfusion probe and one activated by protease at a separate wavelength were injected before endoscopic evaluation. RESULTS: The microendoscope fluorochrome detection limit was approximately 10 fmol; ratio imaging in the NIR was accurate (+/-8% of true probe concentration between 0.3 to 100 microg/ml of a protease sensor). Both colonic adenomas and adenocarcinomas were clearly visible in the NIR channel on protease probe administration in live mice. Ratio imaging of protease activity/perfusion increased from healthy colon to adenomas to adenocarcinomas. LIMITATIONS: Evaluation across additional spontaneous tumor models may provide more data on the translation of these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show the feasibility of multichannel microendoscopic imaging of molecular targets in vivo and that ratio imaging may provide a novel means for characterizing colonic lesions. When scaled up clinically, this could aid in increasing lesion detection and quantitative assessment of distinct molecular markers.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Dermatoscopy and the "naked eye".
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Dermoscopy↗
Eccrine poroma in an unusual site: a clinical and dermoscopic simulator of amelanotic melanoma.
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Acrospiroma↗
Anatomical and histopathological correlates of the dermoscopic patterns seen in melanocytic nevi on the sole: a retrospective study.
BACKGROUND: Anatomical and histopathologic correlates of the unique dermoscopic patterns seen in melanocytic nevi on acral volar skin is yet to be clarified. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the relation between the dermoscopic patterns and anatomical and histopathological characteristics of melanocytic nevi on the sole. METHODS: The precise locations of 298 melanocytic nevi on the sole from 278 patients were retrospectively investigated, with attention paid to each dermoscopic pattern. In addition, 35 nevi showing each typical dermoscopic pattern were excised and evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS: Melanocytic nevi showing the parallel furrow pattern or the fibrillar pattern were located on the portions of the sole with regular parallel skin markings and were not found on the arch areas of the foot. Moreover, a subtle but distinctive difference in the distribution was observed between nevi of the two patterns; the nevi with the fibrillar pattern showed a tendency for the sites directly pressed by the body's weight. Melanocytic nevi of the lattice-like pattern were mostly located on the arch areas. Histopathologically, irrespective of the dermoscopic patterns, nests of nevus cells were mainly located in the epidermal rete ridges underlying the surface sulci. In the nevi with a fibrillar pattern, the cornified layer showed a slanting arrangement, which is considered to be a histopathological background of the fibrillar pattern. CONCLUSION: Dermoscopic patterns seen in acral melanocytic nevi could be explained by the unique anatomical and histopathological characteristics of the acral skin.
Adolescent↗
Unusual clinical and dermoscopic features in two cases of pigmented basal cell carcinoma.
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Adolescent↗
Clinical and dermatoscopic fading of post-transplant eruptive melanocytic nevi after suspension of immunosuppressive therapy.
Excess melanocytic nevi have been reported in several groups of immunosuppressed patients, including organ transplant recipients. We report the case of a 16-year-old transplant recipient whose post-transplant melanocytic nevi decreased in size and color after graft rejection and interruption of immunosuppressive therapy. This case may represent a visual example of an effective immunosurveillance system against melanocytic nevi.
Adolescent↗