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PubMed1992

[Alcohol drinking behavior based on the neurochemical background. I. Alcohol preference and brain monoamines].

The relationship between voluntary alcohol consumption and monoamine levels was studied in the inbred strains of C57BL/6N, C57BL/6J, A/J, BALB/cA, CBA/N, C3H/He and DBA/2Cr mice; the congenic mouse strain B10. Br/Sg, and the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM P1, SAM P2). C57BL strains exhibited a high alcohol preference whereas the other strains exhibited a low alcohol preference. A clear positive relationship was found between alcohol intake (g/kg/day) and brain norepinephrine (NE) level (r = 0.683, p < 0.05), and a clear negative relationship between alcohol intake and brain serotonin (5HT) level (r = -0.628, p < 0.05). These results suggest that a voluntary alcohol intake in mice is genetically influenced with the brain monoamines, and depend upon the levels of brain NE and 5HT.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The consequences expected from alcohol and drinking behavior: a factor analysis of data from a panel study of adolescents.

The consequences people expect from behavior are central to many theories. In this longitudinal study, 1,423 adolescents assessed the likelihood and desirability associated with 57 consequences of drinking beer and hard liquor. Factor analyses yielded seven factors for beer and six for hard liquor. In multivariate analyses the pleasure, psychological, and deviance factors were related to the initiation of beer drinking; the pleasure and psychological factors were associated with beginning to drink hard liquor. Among those who were drinkers when first studied, the trouble with authority factor was related to an increase in beer drinking and the psychological factor was related to an increase in drinking hard liquor. The findings are discussed in the context of earlier research on the determinants of behavior with alcohol and the value of the factors for future research.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Drinking behaviors of women in four occupational groups.

Questions about alcohol consumption, social and work contexts, and negative consequences related to alcohol use were asked of forty-nine academics, 27 physicians, 15 attorneys, and 169 business women. The majority of the women were light drinkers and their drinking does not appear to be accompanied by negative consequences. The exception to this is driving while intoxicated or riding with an intoxicated driver, behaviors which may be increasing as a result of business-related or after work drinking. The women reported being in drinking settings relatively often. Frequency in drinking settings was correlated with both level of alcohol consumption and number of negative consequences of alcohol use. Presence in such settings may be related to women's employment status, and thus could be considered both a work-related risk factor and a location for abuse prevention activities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Underage college students' drinking behavior, access to alcohol, and the influence of deterrence policies. Findings from the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study.

Underage drinking is a major problem at American colleges, but little is known about the extent of alcohol use in different student groups, in different colleges, and in states with different control policies. We used data from the 2001 and 3 previous Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Studies that compared responses of underage students with those of their 21-23-year-old peers. Underage students drank alcohol less frequently but were more likely to drink to excess when they drank. College educational efforts and deterrent policies were limited in their outreach, and half of underage students obtained alcohol very easily. Underage students in states with extensive laws restricting underage and high-volume drinking were less likely to drink and to binge drink. A majority of underage students supported increasing efforts to control underage drinking. The results suggest that additional policy efforts to control underage drinking may be effective and feasible.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived parental approval of drinking and its impact on problem drinking behaviors among first-year college students.

There is a paucity of research investigating the impact that parents may have on college drinking. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between students' perceptions of parent approval of drinking and problem drinking occurrence. They conducted a Web-based survey of 265 first-year students living on campus during their second semester. The authors used logistic regression to examine the relationship between students' perceptions of their mothers' and fathers' attitudes toward their drinking, their mothers' and fathers' drinking habits, and problem drinking since they had begun college. Sixty-nine percent of respondents reported experiencing at least 1 drinking problem. Over one third of students perceived that their parents would approve of them drinking occasionally. Students perceiving more parental approval for their drinking were more likely to report at least 1 drinking problem. Student perceptions of parental approval of drinking warrant further investigation as a potentially mutable correlate of problem drinking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Drinking behavior in the chronic phase of alcoholism].

40 patients in the chronic phase of alcohol addition were questioned in order to identify drinking stereotypes with regard to consumption in the course of the day and year. Alcohol intake reaches a maximum between 8 and 9 PM. No clear differences were found in this respect between days of abstinence for social reasons and days without such social pressures. In the course of the year, alcohol consumption reaches a maximum in autumn and a minimum in spring. The uniform, repetitive drinking rituals are suspected to have become habitual in the course of several years until they are finally unaffected by environment. This leads to a convergence of addiction forms, but the duration of the daily abstinence period still permits differentiation between gamma and delta addicts even when addiction has reached an advanced stage.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Alcohol use in New York after the terrorist attacks: a study of the effects of psychological trauma on drinking behavior.

Research has suggested that exposure to psychological trauma is associated with increased abuse of psychoactive substances, particularly alcohol. To assess this, we analyzed alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcohol dependence among a random sample of 1681 New York City adults 1 year and 2 years after the September 11 attacks. In multivariate models controlling for demographic factors, other stressor exposures, social psychological resources, and history of anti-social behavior, we found that greater exposure to the World Trade Center disaster (WTCD) was associated with greater alcohol consumption at 1 year and 2 years after this event. In addition, our analyses also indicated that exposure to the WTCD was associated with binge drinking at 1 year after but not 2 years after this event. Alcohol dependence, assessed as present in either year 1 or year 2, also was positively associated with greater WTCD exposures. Posttraumatic stress disorder was not associated with alcohol use, once WTCD exposure and other covariates were controlled. Our study suggests that exposure to psychological trauma may be associated with increases in problem drinking long after exposure and deserves further investigation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗