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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma: II. Injected sickle cell erythrocytes into human, monkey, and guinea pig anterior chambers: the induction of sickling and secondary glaucoma.

Injection of sickle cell erythrocytes (SS, SC, Sthal, and AS) into the anterior chambers of living human, monkey, and guinea pig eyes resulted in conversion of erythrocytes to the sickled configuration. Immune responses did not appear to play an important role in influencing this phenomenon. The number of cells sickled was directly related to the concentration of hemoglobin S. In human and monkey eyes, the severity of elevated IOP appeared to be related to the type of cells injected and their concentration of hemoglobin S. Even the ordinarily benign genotype of sickle cell trait demonstrated sickling in the anterior chamber and elevation of the IOP.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on erythrocyte membrane permeability and erythrocyte sorption ability in newborns with birth hypoxia].

The permeability of erythrocyte membranes (PEM) and sorption ability of erythrocytes (SAE) were studied in 13 newborns with posthypoglycemic disorders of cerebral blood circulation (DCBC) of I-II degrees and in 12 healthy newborns. The hyperbolic oxygenation therapy (HOT) was added to the comprehensive treatment of the newborns with DCBC. It was established that the HOT therapy in the newborns with clinical signs of DCBC-I-II had a different effects. As for the newborns, who suffered from a long-term chronicle hypoxia and from asphyxia in birth, PEM and CAF did not change. The children, who had a short pre-natal hypoxia and/or asphyxia, were noted for a normalization of the PEM and CAF parameters. Finally, the HOT therapy produces, on such children, the disintoxocation and adaptogenic effects through improving the condition of DCBC children.

Adsorption↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Erythrocyte individual phospholipids and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in subjects with vascular atherosclerotic disease with and without diabetes mellitus of type 2.

In a group of 12 subjects (5 men, 7 women) with vascular atherosclerotic disease (VAD) and in a group of 17 subjects (9 men, 8 women) with VAD and with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) we evaluated the red cell membrane individual phospholipids and their relationships with the erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Examining the group of non diabetic subjects with VAD, it is evident that no difference is present between normals and this group regarding individual phospholipids; in this group is present a slight correlation between the erythrocyte membrane fluidity (expressed as Iex/Im ratio) and phosphatidylethanolamine only. Examining the group of VAD subjects with NIDDM it is evident that between normals and this group a significant difference is present for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine; in this group no relationship is evident between red cell membrane individual phospholipids and Iex/Im ratio.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Phospholipid-glycerides, cross-resistance of erythrocytes, malonic dialdehyde level and alpha-tocopherol levels in the plasma and erythrocytes of rats with alloxan diabetes before and after combined antioxidant therapy].

Quantitative and qualitative alterations in content of phospholipids were studied in erythrocytes of rats with alloxan diabetes: rate of lipid peroxidation and content of L-tocopherol were estimated in blood plasma before and after the antioxidant therapy. Patterns of lipid metabolism were normalized after the course of treatment involving simultaneous administration of L-tocopherol and ascorbic acid within 10-15 days. The antioxidants used decreased the rate of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes and stimulated biosynthesis of phospholipids de novo. Role of antioxidants in phospholipid metabolism is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Study on the interaction of Se and erythrocyte membrane--effect of Se on the Na, K-ATPase activity and fluidity of erythrocyte membranes.

The content of binding-Se in erythrocyte membrane may affect its structure and function. Decrease in Se content will lead to a lower activity of Na, K-ATPase and lipid fluidity in ghosts, and a marked increase in Na, K-ATPase activity as well as lipid fluidity of erythrocyte membrane was observed by supplementation of low concentration of Na2SeO3 (0.03-0.3 ppm Se), in vitro. This effect was obvious only when the ghosts were incubated with Se at 0-4 degrees C for at least half an hour prior to assay.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗

PubMed1988

Topographical similarities between harmaline inhibition sites on Na+-dependent amino acid transport system ASC in human erythrocytes and Na+-independent system asc in horse erythrocytes.

Na+-dependent system ASC and Na+-independent system asc are characterized by a common selectivity for neutral amino acids of intermediate size such as L-alanine and by their interactions with dibasic amino acids. For system ASC, the positive charge on the dibasic amino acid side chain is considered to occupy the Na+-binding site on the transporter. We report here the use of harmaline (a Na+-site inhibitor in some systems) as a probe of possible structural homology between these two classes of amino acid transporter. Harmaline was found to inhibit human erythrocyte system ASC noncompetitively with respect to L-alanine concentration, but approximated competitive inhibition with respect to Na+ concentration (apparent Ki = 2.0 and 0.9 mM, respectively). Similarly, harmaline noncompetitively inhibited L-alanine uptake by horse erythrocyte systems asc1 and asc2 (apparent Ki = 2.0 and 1.9 mM, respectively). In contrast, harmaline functioned as a competitive inhibitor of L-lysine uptake by system asc1 (apparent Ki = 2.6 mM). It is concluded that harmaline competes with Na+ for binding to system ASC and that a topographically similar harmaline inhibition site is present on system asc. This site does not however bind Na+, the asc1 transporter exhibiting normal L-alanine and L-lysine influx kinetics in the total absence of extracellular cations.

Alanine↗

PubMed1986

Monocyte-mediated haemolysis: influence of antibody concentration on the inhibition of antibody-dependent lysis of human A1B erythrocytes by large numbers of unsensitized erythrocytes.

Antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated haemolysis of human group A1B erythrocytes was inhibited by O, Rh/D/-ve unsensitized erythrocytes. Effector cells were sterically isolated to prevent binding, recognition, and subsequent lysis of target cells. Reduction of cytotoxicity was strongest when only B, intermediate when only A1 antigens were saturated, whereas haemolysis could not be significantly inhibited by 200-fold excess of inhibitor cells if both A1 and B antigens were simultaneously saturated. Dilution of anti-A,B serum of between 1:32-1:512 did not reduce cytotoxicity in the absence of inhibitor cells, while inhibition of cytotoxicity grew proportionally stronger by every dilution step in the presence of inhibitor cells. If effector cells were immobilized by adherence, inhibition was strong and could not be influenced by the sensitizing antibody concentration. It was concluded that motility of monocytes was influenced by the number of sensitized antibody binding sites.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1983

[An early childhood erythrocyte phospholipid distribution as further indication of persistence of neonatal erythrocyte characteristics in Diamond-Blackfan anemia].

Comparisons of erythrocyte and plasma phospholipids made among adults, newborns, and a female patient with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) revealed some indications for the continual existence of a neonatal phospholipid distribution in DBA. The relative percentage of phospholipids in erythrocytes and plasma were similar in newborns and in the female patient. The other peculiarities characteristic of newborns, such as deviations in the absolute phospholipid content, typical fatty acid patterns of phospholipids, could not be identified in DBA.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Cold agglutinin titers in the sera of patients apart from the atypical pneumonia cases-against the patients' own erythrocytes and the O group human erythrocytes].

The titers of cold agglutinins against the patients own erythrocytes and the O group human erythrocytes in 72 cases, who had not primary atypical pneumonia and other respiratory system infections, were studied. The aim was to confirm the characteristics of the relationship between the results of these two tests.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1975

[Studies on the properties of acid erythrocyte phosphatase in sheep and the isoenzymes of sheep and goat acid erythrocyte phosphatase].

Ovine erythrocytic acid phosphatase showed two peaks of activity at pH 5.0 and 5.7 in acetate buffer with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. The enzyme was only slightly inhibited by fluoride and L-phenylalanine, but high concentrations of urea strongly inhibited it. Activity of the enzyme was greater in goat erythrocytes than in sheep. By means of starch electrophoresis, three isoenzymes belonging to nine types were separated from the ovine enzymes, while three isoenzymes of five types were present in goats. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was suitable for detecting the rapidly migrating isoenzymes.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1981

EA rosettes using IgG monoclonal antibody-coated erythrocytes: degree of rosette formation correlates with the amount of antibody on the erythrocytes.

The EA (Fc receptor) rosetting assay, which utilizes sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) coated with anti-SRBC antibodies as indicator cells (EA) is a rapid and convenient method for the detection of Fc-receptor-positive cells. To prevent haemagglutination of the EA indicator cells, it has been necessary to dilute conventional SRBC antisera. Owing to this technical restriction, it has not been possible to determine accurately the contribution of antibody density on the EA indicator cells to the level of Fc-receptor-positive cells measured in the EA rosetting assay. However, the availability of high-titred non-haemagglutinating monoclonal anti-SRBC antibodies has provided a means of examining this problem. Four non-haemagglutinating monoclonal anti-SRBC IgG preparations-two of the IgG2a subclass, an IgG2b subclass-specific and an IgG1 subclass-specific antiserum-were used to coat SRBC at antisera dilutions ranging from 1/20 to 1/2000. The amount of antibody bound to the SRBC was determined by an indirect radioimmunoassay utilizing 125I-labelled protein A. The four monoclonal anti-SRBC antibodies were shown to have unique affinities for the erythrocytes, and each was specific for antigens present in differing amounts on the SRBC. The number of Fc-receptor-positive cells detected in a spleen cell suspension or in a homogeneous Fc-receptor-positive tumour cell population by the EA (Fc) rosetting assay was found to be directly proportional to the amount of monoclonal antibody (regardless of the IgG subclass) bound to the EA indicator cells.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Erythrocyte-mediated toxification of 1,8-dinitropyrene. II. Covalent bind to erythrocyte-proteins.

In the present study we have shown that erythrocyte-catalyzed 1,8-dinitropyrene reduction occurs via formation of reactive intermediate species, which bind covalently to haemoglobin and other erythrocyte proteins. In fact after mild-acid hydrolysis of lysate proteins exposed to DNP, the reduced metabolites, 1-amino-8-nitropyrene and 1,8-diaminopyrene, were released, thus indicating the formation of sulphinamide adducts to proteins. These results suggest that haemoglobin adduct biomonitoring would be a useful method of controlling exposure to nitroarene in persons at risk.

Amines↗

PubMed1977

Studies on a number of erythrocytic enzymes and intermediate products of equine erythrocyte metabolism.

The activities and concentrations of a number of erythrocytic enzymes and intermediate products of erythrocyte metabolism were determined in twenty-one normal standard-bred horses which were studied clinically and biochemically. These studies showed that equine anaerobic glycolysis is characterized by a biochemical pattern similar to that observed in human PK deficiency. The greater sensitivity of equine haemoglobin to oxidants is attributable either to low stability of GSH, which may be due either to the low activity of GR or that of 6PGD as observed in the studies. In addition, the saturation of GOT and GR with cofactor and apoenzyme respectively were determined.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

[Anemia in terminal kidney insufficiency: ferrokinetics, erythrocyte survival times and erythrocyte enzymes in chronic dialysis patients].

Radio-iron utilization was nearly normal in these patients, only bilateral nephrectomized patients showed a reduced radio-iron utilization. Red blood half-life span was shortened in all patients, well corresponding to the degree of anemia. Parameters of erythropoesis like plasma iron clearance, bone marrow transit time, erythron iron turnover, non erythron iron turnover and hemolysis iron turnover failed to quantitate disorders of red blood cell regeneration in these patients. No defect in red blood cell enzyme activity could be demonstrated. Enzymes of glycolysis were increased corresponding to the reduced erythrocyte half-life span.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗

PubMed1978

Intramembranous particles in erythrocyte, reticulocyte and erythroblastic leukemic cells of the rat: a model system for erythrocyte maturation.

The density and size distribution of intramembranous particles (IMP) were determined for cells of the erythroid series. The number and size of IMP were measured on both fracture faces of erythroblastic leukemia cells, phenylhydrazine-induced reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes. We found that the number of IMP adhering to the protoplasmic fracture face of the plasma membrane increased with increasing maturation, while the number of particles adhering to the external fracture face did not correlate with maturational stage. In general, the mean size of particles adhering to both fracture faces decreased with increasing maturation after the erythroblastic stage. We interpret these results to mean that the IMP seen are derived from more than one macromolecular species and that they are distributed asymmetrically in the plasma membrane.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E) and erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EAC) on the lymphoblasts of childhood acute lymphocyblastic leukemia.

Two cell-surface markers, rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E-rosette) as a T-cell marker and rosette formation with bovine erythrocyte-antibody-complement complex (EAC-rosette) as a B-cell marker were determined on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts from normal and 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the majority of the patients (12/15 untreated patients and 6/11 patients in relapse), lymphoblasts exhibited neither E- nor EAC-rosette formation. Lymphoblasts from one untreated patient with mediastinal mass displayed E-(50%) and EAC-rosette formation (15%). In 3 of 11 patients in relapse, lymphoblasts displayed an increase in EAC-rosette formation with progressive disease. In the remaining patients with active disease, a small and variable proportion of lymphoblasts expressed E and/or EAC-rosette formation. In 63 patients in remission, percentages of E- and/or EAC-rosette were similar (p greater than 0.05) to those of control. The results indicate a wide heterogeniety with respect to expression of lymphocyte membrane markers in lymphoblasts and in normal lymphocytes in patients with active ALL.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1982

Primary structure of horse erythrocyte glycophorin HA. Its amino acid sequence has a unique homology with those of human and porcine erythrocyte glycophorins.

The complete amino acid sequence of the major sialoglycoproteins of horse erythrocyte membranes, glycophorin HA, was determined by manual sequencing methods, using tryptic, chymotryptic, and cyanogen bromide fragments. Glycophorin HA is a polypeptide chain of 120 amino acid residues and contains 10 oligosaccharide units attached to the amino-terminal side of the molecule. Its amino terminus is pyroglutamic acid. All of the oligosaccharides are linked O-glycosidically to threonine or serine residues. The amino acid sequence is consistent with the transmembrane orientation of glycophorins. There is no significant homology between the glycosylated domains of horse, human, and porcine glycophorins, but there is a considerable homology between the hydrophobic domains of the three glycophorins, which interact with the lipid bilayer of the erythrocyte membrane.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1975

[The mechanism of inactivation of the bird erythrocyte genome. III. Pathways of terminal differentiation of erythrocytes].

Under the conditions of acute phenylhydrazine anemia in pigeons, early erythroblasts develop in reticulocytes with basophilic cytoplasm directly by passing the stages of polychromatophilic and ortochromic erythroblasts. During the maximum activity of bone marrow erythropoiesis stimulated by anemia over 80% of reticulocytes develop in such a way. A hypothesis is put forward to the effect that there exist in birds two alternative pathways of erythropoiesis: the main pathway which ensures the slow repopulation of blood by erythrocytes under normal conditions and the reserve pathway which opens for a short time under anemia and ensures rapid increase of the erythrocyte titer in blood up to its normal value.

Acute Disease↗