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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Liver hamartomas in patients on oral contraceptives.

Three cases are reported of tumour-like lesions of the liver in women who had been on oral contraceptives for long periods. These malformations have a prominent vascular component and may present with haemoperitoneum and shock. The possibility of an association between liver hamartomas and oral contraceptive therapy has to be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

Synthetic progestagen-oestrogen preparations and endometrial morphology.

19-nor steroids in high and medium dosage in continuous or cyclic combined regimens with oestrogen produce an endometrium characterized by hyperinvoluted glands, a prominent predecidual reaction, suppressed arterioles, and dilated venules. When daily dosage is decreased to 2.0 mg. or less, the endometrium is composed of hyperinvoluted glands in an inert stroma; predecidual reactions are weak and infrequent; venules are rarely dilated, but spiral arterioles are suppressed.17-alpha-Acetoxyprogesterone derivatives in high and medium dosage given in a cyclic combined regimen with oestrogen produce similar but less intense effects to the 19-nor steroids. When given in cyclic sequential regimen, they produce an early secretory endometrium closely resembling normal patterns, chronologically retarded by about five days; in some instances a regressing, undatable secretory pattern is found, but predecidual response is minimal, and dilated venules are not seen.19-nor steroids in medium dosage given for 20 days without added oestrogen produce a late secretory endometrium with unpredictable variation from patient to patient and even from site to site within the same endometrium. Inhibition of the development of spiral arterioles is a common denominator in all progestagenoestrogen regimens. Modification of this element within the target tissue may be decisive for the morphogenesis of later vascular and stromal changes. Using synthetic progestagen-oestrogen regimens, endometrial gland secretion appears only after progestagen, whether given ab initio concomitantly with oestrogen or begun after a phase of oestrogen priming. Secretory vacuoles become evident about four to five days after progestagen is administered. The role of progestagen in secretion is interpreted as an indirect effect whereas its role in the development of decidual-like changes is construed as direct.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1966

Raised serum copper and caeruloplasmin levels in subjects taking oral contraceptives.

A marked increase in the serum copper and caeruloplasmin levels in 25 female subjects taking oral contraceptives is noted. The correlation between the copper and caeruloplasmin concentrations, together with the finding of normal urine copper levels in 10 of the subjects, suggests that the increased serum copper is due to increased caeruloplasmin synthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serum thymidine activity and somatomedin-C levels in children and adolescents with Turner's syndrome: effect of chronic estrogen and progestogen replacement therapy.

Turner's syndrome has been used as a model of primary hypogonadism to assess the role of estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy on serum thymidine activity (TA) and somatomedin-C (Sm-C) levels. 33 subjects with gonadal dysgenesis were studied: 10 untreated and 13 treated with estrogen-progestogen combination. In 10 untreated patients serum TA was 1.02 +/- (SEM) 0.04 U/ml and serum Sm-C value was 27.82 +/- 4.14 nmol/l, both similar to those in the age-matched normal children. A positive correlation was found between Sm-C and the bone age (r = 0.891, p less than 0.002). In the 13 treated subjects, the estrogen-progestogen combination as replacement therapy induced a significant increase in Sm-C level (40.52 +/- 4.30 nmol/l, p less than 0.05). No variation was observed for serum thymidine activity between the two groups of subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Antibacterial activity of human cervical mucus.

The antimicrobial property of human uterine cervical mucus was tested in three groups of women. Healthy women, using no contraception, women using an intrauterine device and women receiving hormonal treatment for contraception. Cervical mucus was taken on the 10th, 14th, 18th and 22nd day of the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Micrococcus lysodeicticus in all three groups. The strength of the inhibitory effect on the other microorganisms were in the following order: Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Streptococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus faecalis. Use of an intrauterine device did not affect the antimicrobial effect of cervical mucus. The use of hormonal contraceptive canceled the antimicrobial effect on the series of microorganisms, with the exception of M. lysodeicticus. The maximum inhibitory effect occurred on the 14th day and declined toward the end of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Hormonal steroids: effects on the vascular system.

An increase in the incidence of thromboembolic disorders has been associated with oral contraceptive use, though the causative mechanisms remain unclear. Our studies indicate that the contraceptive steroids, irrespective of the intermediary metabolic processes involved, cause changes in the surface charge characteristics of the blood vessel wall and blood cells in the following cases: (i) in experiments using dogs, the hormonal steroids result in a greater reduction in the pore surface charge of veins than in arteries; (ii) in rats, the current induced mesenteric occlusion times are significantly lowered following administration of combined contraceptives steroids; (iii) in humans, the electrophoretic mobilities of erythrocytes and platelets from women taking Ovral and Demulen are lower than in controls, and (iv) there is no significant alteration of plasma coagulation times of women who are on injectable progestin therapy. Demulen and Ovral appear to result in a slight decrease in activated partial thromboplastin times compared to controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in oral contraceptive hypertension.

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relative contribution of changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, as reflected by changes in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, to the pathogenesis of oral contraceptive-induced hypertension. Precontraceptive and serial post contraceptive determinations of blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), DBH activity, and changes in body weight were obtained in twelve control patients and forty-one oral contraceptive users. Forty-four percent of oral contraceptive users had increases in blood pressure but remained normotensive and 17% became frankly hypertensive. The precontraceptive and average post contraceptive levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP), PRA and DBH activity in each patient were compared using paired group analysis. Control patients (group I) exhibited no significant changes in these variables, while the patients with contraceptive-induced increases in MAP (groups III and IV) underwent significant, parallel increases in DBH activity. Finally, the linear regression of changes in MAP on the percent change in DBH activity was examined. The positive slopes in groups III and IV differed significantly from the negative slope of the controls (group I). The data have been interpreted to reflect an inappropriate oral contraceptive-induced stimulus to sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to increases in MAP in susceptible individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Influence of augmented Hageman factor (Factor XII) titers on the cryoactivation of plasma prorenin in women using oral contraceptive agents.

Prolonged cold storage of plasma may induce the conversion of plasma prorenin (inactive renin) to renin. This phenomenon is exaggerated in oral contraceptive (OC) users; the titer of Hageman factor (HF, Factor XII) in OC users is higher than in nonusers. The present study relates these observations. The increment in plasma renin activity (PRA) during cold storage, as measured by generation of angiotensin I, correlated strongly with the initial plasma titer of HF. Increasing the HF titer of nonusers to that observed in OC users by addition of purified HF increased cold-induced PRA at least twofold, while reducing the plasma HF titer of OC users correspondingly decreased cold-induced PRA. Thus, in OC users, the enhanced conversion of plasma prorenin to renin during cold storage reflects the elevated plasma titer of HF.

Angiotensin I↗