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[Genetic transformation of sugar beet: evolution of theoretical and experimental approaches].

The review is dedicated to several aspects of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) biotechnology: in vitro cultivation, callus induction, plant regeneration and genetic transformation. Media composition, methods of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and protoplast culture are analysed. The use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and gold particle bombardment is the base for modern genetic transformation methods.

Beta vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Milestones in the evolution of standards for experimental treatment or research.

The abuses in experimentation that marked the 20th century has resulted in regulations. Standards for experimental treatment or for research involving human subjects has been a major development of the twentieth century, coming about in response to the horrendous experiments carried out by Nazi Germany and also in the United States and elsewhere. How these regulations have fared is discussed herein.

Human Experimentation↗
PubMed1987

Osteophyte evolution: studies in an experimental partial meniscectomy model.

Osteophytes are considered characteristic manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA) but may be seen independent of structural cartilage erosive lesions. Etiopathogenic mechanisms for osteophyte formation may involve responses to synovial inflammation, stretching of the synovial membrane, general mechanical instability, and vascular metaplasia. Experimentally induced OA following partial menisectomy in rabbits demonstrates active cellular replication at the normal joint periphery. Vascular responses are seen late in parallel with osteophyte formation rather than preceding it. Osteophyte ossification is primarily endochondral. The parallel stimulatory response to perichondrium, cartilage, and bone allows speculation on the interplay of mechanical/electrical forces and chemical/hormonal transducers in the development of osteophytes.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗