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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Social work education for the field of health: a report of findings from a survey of curricula.

This paper presents the findings of a survey of programs in schools of social work made with specific reference to content germane to the field of health. The 62 schools responding to this inquiry constituted a representative sample of the 85 members of the Council on Social Work Education in 1972-73 in almost all regions of the United States and Canada. The inquiry included questions regarding; (a) specialization; (b) courses in health care systems; (c) courses in social work practice; (d) field practice; (e) interdisciplinary collaboration; (f) educational innovations; and (g) faculty coordinating the health component in the curriculum. Findings suggest a remarkably modest thrust in the direction of health and specialization at a time when health care is undergoing uncommonly rapid change.

Canada↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiological assessment of rinderpest surveillance and control in Uganda between 1990 and 1998.

Based on passive and active data, we report on an epidemiological assessment of surveillance and control of rinderpest (RP) in Uganda between 1990 and 1998. Active data were collected by administration of questionnaires to animal health personnel and their auxiliaries and to stockowners in six selected districts of eastern and northeastern Uganda. Passive data were extracted from vaccination and seromonitoring reports, and from field and laboratory reports. RP events were classified as "confirmed outbreaks", "suspected outbreaks" and "rumours". The classification of 56% of the RP events as "suspected outbreaks" indicates the difficulty in investigating disease outbreaks in Uganda. Although vaccination coverage and seroprevalence were <85% (the recommended target), they nevertheless corresponded well-reflecting effective vaccination. However, because of the low seroprevalence, a sizable population of cattle in Uganda remained at risk of RP. The agreement between the local and national disease reporting systems was low-to-moderate (kappa=0.39); this indicates inefficiency in disease reporting. Risk factors for RP outbreaks were cattle raids and communal grazing. Based on overlaid thematic maps of seroprevalence, vaccination coverage and RP events, close spatial and temporal associations were observed between cattle raids, transhumance and outbreaks and rumours. The high-risk areas were in the eastern and northeastern parts of the country. The results of this study support a phase approach of following the OIE pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Field testing of Schistosoma japonicum DNA vaccines in cattle in China.

Vaccines are needed to reduce the zoonotic reservoir of Schistosoma japonicum infection in bovines in China. We have developed two experimental DNA vaccines and have already shown these to be capable of inducing partial protection in water buffalo naturally exposed to the risk of S. japonicum infection in the field. We now report a similar field trial in cattle, the other major bovine reservoir host species in China. Groups of cattle were vaccinated with the VRSj28 vaccine or the VRSj23 vaccine, or, to test whether protection could be enhanced by combination vaccination, with both these DNA vaccines together. After vaccination, the cattle were exposed to natural infection in the field for a period of 54 days. Worm and egg counts carried out at the end of the experiment showed that each of the vaccine groups showed partial resistance, and that combined vaccination was not more effective than vaccination with the individual plasmids.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Overall mortality in the program on the surgical control of the hyperlipidemias.

BACKGROUND: The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH), a secondary intervention trial, was the only lipid/atherosclerosis randomized clinical trial that used a surgical modality--partial ileal bypass. POSCH provided solid evidence for the clinical and arteriographic benefits of lipid profile normalization. Few longterm followup reports have been published in this field. This report concerns overall mortality, the primary endpoint of POSCH, with a mean followup of 18 years (range 15.5 to 23.0 years). STUDY DESIGN: Overall mortality data were compiled from reports to the POSCH clinics, followup telephone calls, death certificates, and the US National Death Index. RESULTS: There were 144 deaths in the control group (n = 417) and 120 deaths in the intervention group (n = 421), using intent-to-treat analysis. The risk reduction in the intervention group was 0.201 (20%); the risk ratio was 0.799, or 0.8 (95% confidence intervals, 0.628 to 1.018, p = 0.07). The proportion of patients alive was 65.7% in the control group and 72.0% in the intervention group, for a difference of 6.3% in the intervention group (p = 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p = 0.046) and disease-free intervals analysis at 70% survival (p < 0.001) were confirmatory. The gain in life expectancy in the intervention group was 2.7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Longterm followup POSCH data demonstrate that lipid profile normalization will decrease overall mortality and will maintain a persistent and constant increase in life expectancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Flexoelectric polarization in hybrid nematic films.

Hybrid films of the nematic liquid crystal penthylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) on the surface of glycerol were studied in the presence of an in-plane electric field. In this geometry there is a macroscopic flexoelectric polarization P(f) with a component in the film plane that couples linearly to the field. Here we report the electric field and film thickness dependence of the width of the 2pi reorientations (2pi walls) in the c director that are trapped by the field and interpret these observations based on continuum elastic theory. We find the difference between the flexoelectric coefficients to be e(1)-e(3)=+11 pC/m.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

[Neuro-otological study on Behçet disease].

It seems acceptable that pathological brain stem lesions exist in the patient with Neuro-Behçet disease (NB). However, only few reports have been published in this field. We report the neuro-otological findings in 33 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of Behçet disease completely or incompletely. The patients were classified into 2 groups: one is group of NB and the other is a group of Behçet disease without NB (non-NB). Furthermore, the latter was divided into 2 subgroups of patients with dysequilibrium and patients with normal equilibrium. They underwent equilibrium function tests, such as body balance test, gaze test, spontaneous and positional nystagmus test, eye tracking test (ETT) and optokinetic pattern test (OKP) by using electro-nystagmography (ENG). The following results were obtained. 1. Cerebellar and brain stem lesions were confirmed in all cases of NB group. 2. Most cases (6 of 8 cases) in the subgroup of dysequilibrium of the non-NB group showed peripheral vestibular disturbance. The other two patients were diagnosed to be vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI) and vascular Behçet disease with CNS disorder, respectively. 3. Nine of 13 patients in the normal equilibrium subgroup of the non-NB group were diagnosed to be neuro-otologically normal. However, we found two patients with peripheral vestibular disturbance and CNS disorder associated with hearing disturbance of the retrocochlear origin, respectively. 4. The neuro-otological examination is assumed to be useful to diagnose neuro-Behçet disease, to reveal the lesion site and the state of dysequilibrium in patients with Behçet disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Postirradiation osteogenic sarcoma with unilateral metastatic spread within the field of irradiation. Case report and review of the literature.

Osteogenic sarcoma is a rare but well documented complication of radiation therapy. To date, only 28 cases of radiation induced osteogenic sarcoma, following therapy for breast carcinoma, have been reported. Only one case of postirradiation sarcoma arising in the sternum has occurred and this followed irradiation to the neck. The subject of this article is therefore only the first reported case of osteosarcoma of the sternum, secondary to irradiation for breast carcinoma. A further unusual and unreported feature is the development of unilateral metastatic disease in the field of irradiation. Possible causes for this occurrence are discussed and the literature regarding postirradiation sarcoma is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hemifield slide diplopia from altitudinal visual field defects.

We report two cases in which heteronymous, altitudinal visual field defects resulted in loss of fusion and transient overlap of preserved hemifields. This phenomenon resulted in complaints of diplopia similar to that described as "hemifield" slide previously described by temporal hemianopsias. These cases illustrate that generalized loss of fusion, and not the particular type of hemianopic field defect, is responsible for the symptoms known as hemifield slide.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Diagnosis and treatment of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in a combat support hospital during Operation Iraqi Freedom: case report and critique of a field-ready sonographic device.

This case report describes a novel diagnostic approach for ectopic pregnancy in a combat environment. We diagnosed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy at our combat support hospital by using the SonoSite 180 Plus ultrasound device (SonoSite, Bothell, WA). The live ectopic pregnancy was immediately identified and the entire pelvic anatomy was easily assessed within 5 minutes. The SonoSite ultrasound device proved to be easy to use, durable, and reliable. It produced high-quality images in a variety of applications. The handheld SonoSite 180 ultrasound device is sufficiently portable to be used effectively in a combat support hospital or field situation, such as a forward surgical team. This combat experience suggests that a handheld ultrasound device may also have great utility during patient transport for civilian hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Borate protection of softwood from Coptotermes acinaciformis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) damage: variation in protection thresholds explained.

Laboratory and field data reported in the literature are confusing with regard to "adequate" protection thresholds for borate timber preservatives. The confusion is compounded by differences in termite species, timber species and test methodology. Laboratory data indicate a borate retention of 0.5% mass/mass (m/m) boric acid equivalent (BAE) would cause > 90% termite mortality and restrict mass loss in test specimens to < or = 5%. Field data generally suggest that borate retentions appreciably > 0.5% m/m BAE are required. We report two field experiments with varying amounts of untreated feeder material in which Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) responses to borate-treated radiata (Monterey) pine, Pinus radiata D. Don, were measured. The apparently conflicting results between laboratory and field data are explained by the presence or absence of untreated feeder material in the test environment. In the absence of untreated feeder material, wood containing 0.5% BAE provided adequate protection from Coptotermes sp., whereas in the presence of untreated feeder material, increased retentions were required. Furthermore, the retentions required increased with increased amounts of susceptible material present. Some termites, Nasutitermes sp. and Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt, for example, are borate-tolerant and borate timber preservatives are not a viable management option with these species. The lack of uniform standards for termite test methodology and assessment criteria for efficacy across the world is recognized as a difficulty with research into the performance of timber preservatives with termites. The many variables in laboratory and field assays make "prescriptive" standards difficult to recommend. The use of "performance" standards to define efficacy criteria ("adequate" protection) is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Aneurysmal bone cyst in a female collegiate field hockey player: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: To present the case of an intercollegiate field hockey player with an aneurysmal bone cyst of the femur and the clinical decision making necessary in the evaluation, management, surgical intervention, and positive outcome of this athlete. BACKGROUND: A 21-year-old field hockey player presented with signs and symptoms typical of a deep thigh contusion. She had no history of direct or indirect trauma, infection, or previous injury. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Aneurysm, bone cyst, chondroma, giant cell tumor, osteochondroma, osteosarcoma, osteoid osteoma. TREATMENT: When her symptoms persisted beyond 6 months despite conservative care, she underwent radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scan, which revealed a lesion in the right femur. At surgery, the lesion was diagnosed as an aneurysmal bone cyst, and it was excised by an incisional x-ray-guided biopsy followed by curettage and bone grafting. UNIQUENESS: The aneurysmal bone cyst presented as a typical thigh strain or deep contusion during the athlete's training and conditioning season. After all forms of conservative management proved ineffective, the athlete was referred to her physician. A detailed history and physical examination demonstrated no underlying musculoskeletal pathology coinciding with the athlete's symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Increased clinical awareness is necessary when conservative management fails to resolve an athletic injury in an appropriate length of time. Proper diagnostic tools are essential in determining the pathology of the injury and whether surgical intervention is needed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

MRI of hand and wrist with a dedicated low field mini imager: preliminary report.

In this paper we describe the development and the early results of an MRI system designed specifically for imaging of the hand and wrist. The imager takes up little space, uses a small 0.1 Tesla water-cooled electro-magnet with a vertical magnetic field and a 15 cm air gap. The system is based on a PC micro-computer and an integrated image processing board. There is no need for a Faraday cage. The image resolution is less than 1 mm using a 128 x 128 matrix format for a typical slice thickness of 3 mm. It is possible to achieve a 0.2 mm per pixel spatial resolution when imaging the fingers.

Hand↗
PubMed2001

Geophysical variables and behavior: CIV. Power-frequency magnetic field transients (5 microtesla) and reports of haunt experiences within an electronically dense house.

Magnetic field measurements for power frequencies were measured continuously over two 24-hr. periods for a small house in which two adults who exhibited above normal occurrences of complex partial epileptic-like experiences had reported "waves of fear", tactile sensations, nightmares, apparitions, and a sensed presence. The experiences occurred within an area in which irregular amplitude modulations between 1 microT and 5 microT (50 mG) from 60-Hz sources, with durations of a few seconds to several tens of seconds, were measured. This case suggests that transient, complex temporal patterns of power-frequency magnetic fields generated by less than optimal grounding in dwellings and telluric currents may be sufficient to evoke experiences in the brains of sensitive individuals. Cultural labels, applied by the experients, then affect the explanations and expectancies for these experiences.

Behavior↗
PubMed1995

[A case of suprasellar arachnoid cyst followed up for a long time].

We followed a case of suprasellar arachnoid cyst for 12 years. The patient was a sixteen-year-old girl without particular problems in her general condition. She showed optic atrophy in both eyes and optic nerve hypoplasia with an inferotemporal quandranopsia in the left eye. A suprasellar arachnoid cyst communicating with the tubarachnoid space was found to extend into the sella turcica as an empty sella. A cyst wall was resected and a cyst-peritoneal shunt performed. After 12 years from the operation, sensitivity was slightly depressed in the visual field where it had already been disturbed. Although there are few reports in the literature on involvement of the optic nerves and chiasma by suprasellar arachnoid cysts, papilledema and optic atrophy are often found in children, and infero-temporal quandranopsia or homonymous hemianopsia have been reported. Visual field defects were most likely caused by compression of the optic nerve by cyst or prolonged papilledema. We also suspect that some kind of disturbance to the optic nerve occurred during extension of the arachnoid cyst as an empty sella, or during formation of arachnoid cyst in the fetus stage.

Adolescent↗