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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

[Intolerance reactions caused by food additives].

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Cross Reactions↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Safety evaluation studies of SGF gum--a potential food additive from the seed of Sesbania cannabina.

SGF gum, derived from the plant Sesbania cannabina, has properties very similar to those of guar gum. Because it is much cheaper than guar, SGF gum is of interest as a possible new food additive. It has therefore been tested in rats for acute, short-term and subchronic toxicity, teratogenicity and effects on reproductive performance, and a 1% concentration in the diet has been identified as the no-effect level. The tests complied with the guidelines issued by the Chinese authorities. Mutagenicity studies, Ames tests and a micronucleus test gave negative results, and a dominant lethal test in mice was negative at the 1% dietary level, although at 5 and 10% the results were equivocal. No adverse changes were elicited in 23 human volunteers who consumed a total of 960 mg SGF gum during a 30-day period during which they consumed, daily, 80 g ice-cream containing 0.04% SGF gum instead of the usual thickener. On the basis of applying a 100-fold safety factor to the findings in the animal studies, an acceptable human daily intake of 6 mg/kg is suggested.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed2002

[Determination of dimethylformamide in food additive sucrose esters of fatty acids using solid-phase extraction].

A simple method using Florisil cartridges was developed for the determination of dimethylformamide (DMF) in sucrose esters of fatty acids present in sugar esters (SuE) and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) used as food additives. SuE was dissolved in acetone and loaded on a Florisil cartridge. SAIB was dissolved in hexane, loaded on a Florisil cartridge and washed with 10% acetone in hexane. The columns were eluted with acetone and DMF in the eluates was determined by GC with an FID detector. Recoveries of DMF at the level of 0.5-100 micrograms/g were 93.3-102.6%. The determination limit was 0.5 microgram/g.

Chromatography, Gas↗

PubMed1965

[ON THE PROBLEM OF FOOD ADDITIVES].

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Czechoslovakia↗

PubMed2001

Consumption of carrageenan and other water-soluble polymers used as food additives and incidence of mammary carcinoma.

This study examined the hypothesis that the increasing incidence of mammary carcinoma in the USA in the twentieth century may be related to the consumption of carrageenan and possibly other water-soluble polymers. Widely used as food additives in the Western diet, the water-soluble polymers, also known as gums, are generally regarded as inert. However, the gum carrageenan which is comprised of linked, sulfated galactose residues has potent biological activity and undergoes acid hydrolysis to poligeenan, an acknowledged carcinogen. A time-trend analysis using age-adjusted incidence data and consumption data from established sources tested the hypothesis that increased consumption of the gums may be associated with increased incidence of mammary carcinoma. Correlations were determined using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, incorporating lag intervals of 10 to 35 years. This analysis demonstrated that increasing consumption of several gums correlates positively with increased incidence of breast carcinoma.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1978

[On additional food for young infants on commercially prepared milk formulae before the age of four months (author's transl)].

Infants often get extra food ("Beikost") in addition to their milk formula at an earlier time than recommended in text-books of pediatrics. The dangers connected with such feeding practices, i.e. insufficient protein and calcium supply and an overnutrition with carbohydrates, are pointed out. Gluten sensibilisation as a result of early feeding with milk-pap, the high content of sugar in fruit preparations, the addition of salt and the nitrate content of vegetables are discussed. A better label of the composition for industrially prepared "Beikost" is recommended. There exists no nutritional or psychological reason to start with "Beikost" before the 4th month of life for infants fed on industrially prepared milk formulae with added vitamines and minerals.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of the decision tree approach for assessing priorities for safety testing of food additives.

In this publication we report an evaluation of the decision tree scheme of Cramer, Ford and Hall (1978) for assigning priorities for toxicity testing of chemicals. The original scheme has been modified to allow more chemical structures to be considered and to take into account recent advances in toxicology. The majority of the food additives permitted in either the UK, USA or Canada have been processed through the modified decision tree questionnaire and their classification compared with currently available chronic toxicity data. A large proportion of the additives (53/73) assigned to the lowest toxicity (I) class have a low order of chronic oral toxicity as do many of the compounds assigned to the moderate toxicity (II) class. Although the majority of the additives assigned to the highest toxicity (III) class are substantially more toxic than those in the lower toxicity classes, some relatively innocuous compounds reached this classification. In addition, a few toxic compounds were assigned to the lowest toxicity class. The reasons for these incorrect assignments are discussed. It was concluded that the decision tree approach, although less discriminating than originally suggested, remains a useful method for classifying compounds in terms of their probable toxicity and that further modifications to the tree could be made.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Food additives intake.

The role of intake studies in the safety assurance process is discussed with reference to food preservatives and related to the variations in the authorizations for use.

Food↗

PubMed1981

Evidence for a food additive as a cause of ketosis-prone diabetes.

A comprehensive survey of ketosis-prone diabetes showed a 29% preponderance of males and a trend for the time of diagnosis to coincide with epidemics of viral diseases. There was a significantly increased incidence between July and January in the age group diagnosed at 0-14 years but this seasonal trend was not shown in a group of boys diagnosed at this age who were all born in the month of October. The incidence of diabetes in this group of boys was very much higher than would be expected (p less than 0.00001). HLA histocompatibility types and virus infections were considered as possible causes of this striking finding but there seemed to be at least one additional seasonal factor acting prenatally. Circumstantial evidence suggested that this additional factor is the N-nitroso-compound content of processed mutton traditionally consumed in Iceland in the two weeks from December 23. Recently produced Icelandic smoked/cured mutton contains considerable concentrations of N-nitroso-compounds. This work implies that a common food additive contributes to the production of ketosis-prone diabetes, not in the consumer but in the progeny.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1966