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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The pigmentary dispersion disorder in USAF aviators.

The pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) can have serious ocular consequences. Visual changes due to glaucoma and the treatment required can threaten the high level of visual function necessary in military aviation. We reviewed the records of 50 aviators with PDS who were evaluated at the Aeromedical Consultation Service (formerly the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine) over the past 10 years. At last evaluation, 48 were still qualified to fly. Only two aviators were permanently removed from flying duties due to glaucoma. Initial intraocular pressures, cup-to-disc ratios, and refractions were not statistically correlated with progression to glaucoma, but sample sizes were small. At final evaluation, 20 of the 34 aviators with follow-up had glaucoma and required medication. Thirteen eyes underwent laser trabeculoplasty. With appropriate management, the majority of aviators with PDS were able to safely continue their flying careers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of beta radiation to control I.O.P.

The use of ophthalmic applicator containing Strontium-90 beta ray was used to bring about a change in I.O.P. by its effect on the ciliary body. The change in I.O.P. depends on the degree of damage done to the ciliary body. The study showed that the change in I.O.P. was directly proportional to the intensity of beta rays application - higher the dose of beta radiation more was the damage and more the reduction in I.O.P.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[How is simplex glaucoma diagnosed?].

Although glaucoma has traditionally been regarded as a disease affecting people over 60 years of age, improved diagnostic methods now enable glaucoma-related changes to be detected already in the 35-40-year-old age group, long before any functional visual changes are present. Since there is no treatment capable of restoring lost visual capacity, the diagnosis should be made and treatment initiated at an early stage before visual deterioration has become manifest. Measurements of intra-ocular pressure and visual acuity provide insufficient guidance, whereas periodic photography of the nerve fibre layer yields early diagnostic information and an indication of the appropriate individual level of intra-ocular pressure to prevent progression of the disease.

Glaucoma, Open-Angle↗
PubMed1992

[Fluorescein fundus angiography of optic nerve head in primary open angle glaucoma and low tension glaucoma].

Fluorescein fundus angiography was performed at angle of 20 degrees in the 58 low tension glaucoma (LTG) eyes (30 cases) and 77 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes (41 cases) and the relation of the optic nerve head fluorescein changes to visual field disturbances (stage classification of Kosaki) was compared between POAG and LTG groups. The filling defect of fluorescein in the deep area and the decrease in number of superficial capillaries were observed in the optic nerve head. The filling defect area of fluorescein in the optic nerve head corresponding to Bjerrum scotoma was recognized even in the mild visual field disturbance cases of both LTG and POAG. The following findings were noted in both LTG and POAG cases; expansion of the filling defect area and the decrease in number of superficial capillaries in the same area with progression of visual field disturbances. Filling defect area of fluorescein of the optic nerve head accorded with visual field disturbance area in 19 LTG eyes (32.8%) and 61 POAG eyes (79.2%). On the contrary, the filling defect area of the optic nerve head was wider than the visual disturbance area in 37 LTG eyes (63.8%) and 16 POAG eyes (20.8%). These findings suggest that blood circulatory disorders of the optic nerve head occurred earlier in LTG than in POAG and that the development of LTG might be closely associated with the blood circulatory disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The properties of perimetric thresholds in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

In perimetry, threshold is defined as the stimulus intensity at which the frequency of perception is 50%. Around the threshold, there is a transition zone in which the frequency of perception turns from 0% to 100%. We examined the frequency-of-seeing-function in 21 persons with and without pathological damage at various locations in the visual field. We used the classic method of constant stimuli: 12 different stimulus intensities were presented 25-50 times each. The results were: (1) The frequency-of-seeing curve showed the typical S-shaped transition zone as is known from other psychophysical thresholds. The slope of the curve and thereby the size of the transition zone varied by a factor of 17. The 'threshold coefficient,' which is the difference between the intensities that provoke a 50% and a 84% frequency-of-seeing, ranged from 1.13 to 19.83 dB. (2) The threshold coefficient was strongly correlated with the threshold level itself (r2 = 0.596). (3) Other influencing factors such as pathological damage or peripheral location appeared to be covariant, because they influenced the threshold level. A substantial influence of these factors on the threshold coefficient could not be found. Different fluctuations of the threshold are therefore mainly an effect of the threshold level. This may serve as a anticipatory knowledge that allows the optimization of staircase measurement procedures and enables the improvement of the statistical analysis of visual fields.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Long-term follow up of argon laser trabeculoplasty in pigmentary glaucoma.

Nine eyes in nine patients with pigmentary glaucoma were treated with argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). The mean age of the patients at the time of treatment was 35 years (range, 25 to 46 years); the mean follow up after treatment was 5.5 years. The initial pressure-lowering effect of ALT was 53% (15.3 mm Hg), ie, from a preoperative mean of 29.0 mm Hg to a postoperative mean of 13.7 mm Hg the day after ALT. However, the initial response to ALT wore off in 3 months, after which the intraocular pressure settled at a level 14% (4 mm Hg) lower than before treatment. The rate of failure (ie, unstable glaucoma after treatment) was 11%.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Histologic differences in the conjunctiva of black and white glaucoma patients.

We compared perioperative conjunctival biopsy specimens from 31 consecutive trabeculectomy patients to determine if there were any histologic differences between black and white glaucoma patients. We found a statistically significantly greater mean and distribution of mast cells and neutrophils in the white patients. No significant difference was found in the mean number of goblet cells, eosinophiles, macrophages, fibroblasts, plasma cells, or lymphocytes; or in thickness of the epithelium, vascular density, or collagen or mucopolysaccharide staining. We conclude that histological conjunctival factors that could be evaluated preoperatively probably are not related to the poor results in black patients of filtration surgery noted by some investigators.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Adjunctive viscoelastic therapy for postoperative ciliary block.

Following Molteno device implantation, trabeculectomy, or needling revision of trabeculectomy, six eyes of six chronic glaucoma patients developed a flat anterior chamber without hypotony, ciliochoroidal detachment, pupillary block, or external wound leak. The ciliary block did not respond to vigorous medical and laser therapy. We performed an intracameral injection of sodium hyaluronate, which resulted in maintenance of a full anterior chamber and normal intraocular pressure in all of the six eyes. The use of intracameral viscoelastic appears to be a reasonable adjunct for management of ciliary block not responsive to vigorous medical therapy and intracameral air injection trial, before attempting more extensive surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Peripheral nasal field defects in glaucoma.

One hundred fifty-one eyes of 101 consecutive patients with chronic open-angle and low tension glaucoma showed typical visual field changes. Sixty of the eyes had a nasal step, either alone or in combination with other defects. In 17 of these eyes, it was possible to demonstrate an isolated scotoma in the nasal periphery. It was concluded that the peripheral nasal step is a nerve fiber bundle defect that in its earliest phase produces a scotoma. In this sense, it behaves similar to the more central defects, rather than simply as a depression of isopters nasally.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Diathermo-trabeculotomy ab externo: indications and long-term results.

The authors present the results of 2 years' observation of 47 eyes operated with diathermo-trabeculotomy ab externo. This technique, based on a diathermic effect in association with trabeculotomy ab externo, allows an ample opening of Schlemm's canal and of the trabecular meshwork, with normalisation of intraocular pressure and outflow facility, for a period of up to 2 years, in open-angle and congenital glaucoma.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1976

Combined cyclodialysis and cataract extraction.

Combined cyclodialysis and cataract extraction was performed on 78 eyes in a consecutive series of 26 years duration. This operation was performed on eyes with severe glaucoma, inadequately controlled on maximum medical therapy, and with a cataract needing extraction. Glaucoma types included open-angle, angle-closure with peripheral anterior synechias, combined open-angle and angle-closure, and secondary to uveitis. Seventy of the 78 eyes had follow-up of six months or more and the results in these 70 eyes were analyzed. In thirteen percent of the eyes in this study the postoperative intraocular pressure was the same or higher than the preoperative level, or reductions of intraocular pressure were not clinically significant. Eighty-seven percent (61 eyes) had a clinically significant lowering of intraocular pressure following the combined procedure. Thirty-nine percent (27 eyes) of the 70 eyes in this study had a tension of 0-14 mm Hg, and 44% (31 eyes) had a tension of 15-20 mm Hg. Intraocular pressure was improved significantly more often in patients over 60 years of age. Resulting intraocular pressures of 14 mm Hg or less were more likely when the cyclodialysis was performed in the lower quadrant. The results of the combined procedure were not significantly influenced by the type of glaucoma involved or by a history of previous glaucoma surgery. Bleeding was a frequent complication, but was not related to resulting intraocular pressure. Other complications were rare. We conclude that combining cyclodialysis with cataract extraction is safe and effective, and is a suitable procedure when there is need for surgery to relieve severe glaucoma, along with a need for cataract extraction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Topical oxpernolol in the treatment of various forms of glaucoma (author's transl)].

Oxprenolol is a new beta-adrenergic blocking drug, whose effectiveness in the treatment of various forms of glaucoma has been evaluated. The drug was administered topically as 0.5% -1%-2% solution. The results of the investigation may be summarized as follows: The instillation of the drug produces a transient and slight conjunctival hyperaemia and a not significant miosis. A significnat ocular hypotensive action has been observed in the treatment of chronic open-angle, hemorrhagic and congenital glaumiosis. A significnat ocular hypotensive action has been observed in the treatment of chronic open-angle, hemorrhagic and congenital glaucoma. The concentration of 0.5% Oxprenolol seems to be as effective as topical 1% Propranolol. At the same concentration (0.5%), Oxprenolol produces no significnat change of the systemic blood pressure or of the heart rate. Topical pre-treatment with 1% Oxprenolol inhibits the systemic side-effects (tachycardia) produced by topical Isoproterenol, a wellknown ocular hypotensive drug. The authors conclude the investigation affirming that Oxprenolol may represent a new effective means for the medical treatment of glaucoma.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

Pilocarpine therapy in glaucoma: effects on anterior chamber depth and lens thickness in patients receiving long-term therapy.

The effect of pilocarpine hydrochloride on the anterior chamber depth and lens thickness was measured in 20 eyes of patients with chronic open-angle glucoma who were receiving long-term glaucoma therapy with pilocarpine. Measurements were made with high-resolution ultrasonic biometry. This study demonstrated that regardless of their age (58.4 years, average) and the fact that they had been regularly using pilocarpine from two to four times a day, 85% of these patients demonstrated narrowing of the anterior chamber (AC) depth (average, 0.19 mm) and thickening of the lens (average, 0.21 mm) with each instillation of pilocarpine. In approximately 15% of eyes, a repeatable deepening of the AC depth and flattening of the lens was noted.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

The histopathology of pigmentary dispersion syndrome with glaucoma.

Iris tissue and trabecular meshwork, obtained at time of trabeculectomy, was studied using the light and electron microscope in a 54-year-old woman with pigmentary dispersion syndrome with glaucoma. The specific defect was a loss of the outer epithelial cells of the iris with marked thinning of the remaining outer layers so that the two-cell architecture of the iris epithelium was maintained. In addition, the radial muscle layer was increased in both number and size of muscle fiber. It would appear that the pigmentary dispersion syndrome may represent a congenital or developmental abnormality of the iris epithelium, or both, and that the glaucoma which occasionally occurs in conjunction with this syndrome is of the usual open-angle type.

Atrophy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of cytostatics as anti-cicatricial drugs after anti-glaucoma surgery in children, adolescents and young adults].

Anti-cicatricial cytostatic therapy with 5-fluorouracil and prospidin was carried out after antiglaucoma surgery in 78 eyes of 67 patients aged 6 to 42 (2/3 of the patients were aged from 21 to 40). Half (34) of the patients suffered from open-angle (pigmented in 3 cases) and 6 from closed-angle glaucoma, the rest patients presented with common hydrophthalmia, the Frank-Kamenetsky, Sturdge-Weber, Riger's syndromes, etc. The cytostatics were injected subconjunctivally. The results of 67 surgeries were followed up for 6 months to 3 years. Stable normalization of the ophthalmic tone and stabilization of the process were achieved in 60 eyes (89.2%). The authors emphasize that cytostatics may be recommended for children and young subjects after surgery involving fistulization, on condition of thorough biomicroscopic monitoring in the postoperative period, because of a possible disadaptation of the edges of the mucosal incision and corneal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Glucocorticoid responsiveness associated with HLA-B12.

Primary open-angle galucoma (POAG) patients are more responsive to glucocorticoids, and have increased prevalences of the histocompatibility antigens HLA-B7 and HLA-B12. We report herein a comparison of in vitro cellular responsiveness to glucocorticoids and HLA classification for 25 POAG patients, and 25 individuals who respond to topical dexamethasone with intraocular pressure is greater than 31 mm. HG. (GG responders). Within both the POAG and GG groups, significantly greater responsiveness to prednisolone occurs in patients with HLA-B12 antigen. No such association occurs for patients with HLA-B7.

Aged↗