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PubMed1976

[Preliminary comparative results of the detection of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) in the blood of mental patients, using several methods in common use].

Radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and latex agglutination (L-HHA) were compared in the detection of hepatitis B antigen in sera from 494 mental patients. Positivity was observed in 39 subjects (7.9%) with RIA, 14 (2.8%) with IEP, and 8 (1.6%) with L-HHA. The dilution titres noted with RIA were many times and significantly higher than those obtained with the other two methods. Antigen was again detected in over 50% of those subjects on whom it was possible to repeat the tests one year later. The advantages of RIA are stressed.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of immunoblotting with other serological methods and virus isolation for the early detection of primary cytomegalovirus infection in allograft recipients.

Sequential specimens from nine allograft recipients were examined by using a variety of methods to detect primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as rapidly as possible posttransplantation. Sera were examined for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies by immunoblotting, enzyme immunoassay, and immunofluorescence and also by complement fixation, latex agglutination, and an immunofluorescence test for antibody to CMV early antigen. Urine and occasionally blood, tissue, and other specimens were centrifuged onto cell cultures to enhance CMV infectivity. Eight of the nine patients showed laboratory evidence of primary CMV infection, and CMV was isolated from seven of the eight: in no case was virus isolated before seroconversion had become evident. However, serological tests differed in their abilities to detect antibody response to CMV infection in different patients; while immunoblotting, latex agglutination, and enzyme immunoassay for IgG antibodies generally detected seroconversion before complement fixation, this was not invariably the case. At present, optimal laboratory detection of CMV infections in these patients can be achieved only by a combination of serological methods and virus isolation.

Adult↗
PubMed1964

A SIMPLE IMMUNOLOGIC TEST FOR PREGNANCY.

Experience with a latex agglutination-inhibition slide test for human chorionic gonadotrophin which allows pregnancy to be diagnosed in three minutes is described. Among 350 tests performed, 115 were in patients who presented with some complication of a presumed pregnancy, and 132 patients presented diagnostic problems in which pregnancy was to be ruled out. Clinical follow-up confirmed the accuracy of the test and its usefulness in the management of such clinical problems. In addition, among 48 patients with normal pregnancy between 42 and 120 days in duration, the only false-negative test was in one patient who was exactly 42 days from her last normal menstrual period.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1967

Serological response of rhesus monkeys to histoplasma, Blastomyces, and Coccidioides antigens.

Fifteen adult rhesus monkeys were inoculated with nonviable Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, or Coccidioides immitis. Antibody assays were made periodically during a 2-year period by use of a complement-fixation (CF) test employing four antigens and a latex-agglutination test. Selected sera were also studied in an immunodiffusion test and a coccidioidin-precipitin test. The serological patterns obtained with the anti-Histoplasma, anti-Blastomyces, and anti-Coccidioides monkey sera were comparable to those of sera from patients with diseases caused by the respective organisms. Rhesus monkeys should provide a good laboratory model for additional studies, including the influence of multiple antigenic stimuli on serologic response and patterns. Monkeys could also be used for the production of antisera required for studies to improve the specificity of the currently available CF antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Results of the Center for Disease Control Proficiency Testing Program for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen.

The changes in the types and numbers of tests used by participants in the Center for Disease Control Proficiency Testing Program for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen from the beginning of the program in 1971 until October 1975 are analyzed; the implications of these changes are discussed. Changes in the use of agar gel diffusion, rheophoresis, counterelectrophoresis, complement fixation, reverse passive latex agglutination, radioimmunoassay, and reverse passive hemagglutination tests are reviewed. The performance of the participants for 1975 is reported, and factors related to performance (type or combinations of tests used, procedures used to confirm specificity, etc.) are discussed. The increase in the use of third-generation tests in place of tests with lower sensitivity and the decrease in the use of multiple tests undoubtedly represent increased efficiency and effectiveness.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of seven coagulase tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus.

Four coagglutination tests for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus were compared with the ordinary slide and tube coagulation tests using two groups of staphylococcal strains (one isolated in the authors' laboratory and the other identified by a reference laboratory). The correct identification rate in the two groups was respectively for slide test 96.9% and 92.7%, tube coagulation (citrate plasma) 99.0% and 94.8%, tube coagulation (EDTA plasma) 99.0% and 91.7%, API Staphase III 100% and 91.7%, Staph Rapid 97.9% and 91.3%, Staphyslide 99.0% and 94.6%, Staphaurex 96.9% and 92.7%. The sensitivity of Staph Rapid, Staphyslide and Staphaurex was slightly higher than that of the other tests. These three tests and the slide test were considerably more rapid as regards identification than the other tests.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1988

Application of the latex agglutination test for human paragonimiasis in South America.

The latex agglutination test (LAT) was compared with the complement fixation test (CFT), double diffusion test (DDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of South American paragonimiasis. Sera from 17 Peruvian and Ecuadorian patients with paragonimiasis, from 15 Japanese patients with other helminthiases, and from 100 healthy students were analyzed. The tests were also compared using serum samples from patients treated with bithionol. There was remarkable agreement among the methods and it was concluded that the LAT could be a useful serodiagnostic technique for paragonimiasis, especially in field surveys.

Complement Fixation Tests↗