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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Electromyography for the investigation and early diagnosis of scoliosis.

A clinically normal 5 year old child with a family history of scoliosis was studied. Electromyography of the thoracic and lumbar erector spinae muscles and roentgenography of the spine were both done on two separate occasions, six months apart. On the first electromyographic investigation, moderate predominance of activity was found over the left thoracic erector spinae muscles. At that time, spinal roentgenography showed normal results, whereas six months later left thoracolumbar scoliosis was evident. It was concluded that electromyographic investigation is useful for the early diagnosis of scoliosis in school-age children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

From growth factor dependence to growth factor responsiveness: the genesis of an alveolar macrophage cell line.

A rat pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) cell line (NR8383) was initiated in culture in the presence of a gerbil lung cell conditioned medium (GLCM), and has been propagated continuously for over 36 mo. When examined at different times throughout this in vitro period, NR8383 exhibited characteristics typical of macrophages: (a) Zymosan ingestion was seen in 90 to 98% of the cells examined; (b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa phagocytosis in 50 to 80%; (c) Nonspecific esterase activity in greater than 95%. During the first 6 mo., the PAM replicated with doubling times approximating 15 to 20 d. Throughout this period, GLCM dependence was evident. After 27 wk in vitro, NR8383 replication increased markedly, and within 2 wk, the doubling time was less than 48 h. NR8383 was readily monitored by [3H]thymidine (TdR) blastogenesis assay. In the presence of GLCM uptake of [3H]TdR was fivefold greater than in control cultures. Adherence and growth kinetics were effectively controlled by modulation of GLCM or serum content in culture medium. It was demonstrated that PAM growth factor(s) is ubiquitous, not species-specific, and under certain conditions may be derived from "endogenous" sources of persisting non-PAM populations within the parent, uncloned line NR8383. Cloned progeny remain devoid of non-PAM "feeder" cells, but retain macrophage properties, including interleukin-1 secretion, Fc receptors, and H2O2 production.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A continuous alveolar macrophage cell line: comparisons with freshly derived alveolar macrophages.

Responses of a recently developed rat alveolar macrophage cell (NR8383.1) line were compared to those of freshly derived alveolar macrophages in vitro. Marked inter- and intraspecies heterogeneity in levels of phagocytosis of unopsonized Pseudomonas aeruginosa or zymosan was noted among freshly derived alveolar macrophages from rats, rabbits, and baboons. In contrast, phagocytic responses of alveolar macrophage cell line were predictable and highly reproducible. Similar results were obtained in measuring oxidative burst, as indicated by the production of H2O2 and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Responses were again highly variable in freshly derived alveolar macrophages stimulated with zymosan or phorbol myristic acetate; moreover, freshly derived alveolar macrophages exhibited a wide range of chemiluminescence activity in unstimulated cultures. Results strongly suggest that data derived from the continuous alveolar macrophage culture NR8383.1 can be extrapolated to freshly derived alveolar macrophages of various species, and in many experiments will be useful in avoiding the significant animal-to-animal variance observed among freshly derived cell preparations.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic significance of steroid hormones in patients with ovarian cancer.

One hundred and fourteen pre- and postmenopausal patients with nonendocrine tumors or simple cysts of the ovary were studied. These patients had androstenedione (A) plasma levels determined preoperatively. Some of these subjects had estrone (E1) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) determinations also. Of the tumor patients, 58 had also measured the postoperative steroid levels. The results were compared with the hormone levels found in 188 normal women, who were of similar weight and reproductive status. Significantly increased (p less than 0.001) A, E1 and E2 plasma concentrations were found in postmenopausal patients with nonfunctioning tumors. In the tumor patients before the menopause, the levels of A were significantly elevated (p less than 0.001). In the patients with simple cysts, these steroid levels were within the normal range. Following ovariectomy, the decrease of plasma A suggested that the origin of the high levels of this steroid was the ovary where the neoplasm resided. For possible diagnostic purposes, both A and E1 abnormal test results showed adequate sensitivity and good specificity to permit detection of ovarian carcinoma after the menopause. Plasma levels of A were partially related to the histological types and FIGO Stages of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary associated with virilization: pre and post-operative steroid plasma levels.

A premenopausal woman with a mucinous carcinoma of one ovary, and a mucinous adenoma of the other, together with secondary virilization, is reported. Preoperative levels of androstenedione, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were high, suggesting the presence of a virilizing tumor. Preoperative plasma estrone (E1), but not estradiol (E2), was elevated along with inversion of the E2/E1 ratio, suggesting a peripheral origin of the estrogens. FSH and LH plasma concentrations were low. After bilateral ovariectomy, levels of all steroids measured significantly decreased and gonadotropins rose to the postmenopausal range.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Ultrasonic and endocrinologic aspects in gonadotropin releasing hormone induction of ovulation.

Ovarian growth, follicular size, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) peripheral levels were evaluated in 12 hypogonadotropic patients during the follicular phase on 12 cycles of pulsatile GnRH iv administration. During GnRH therapy, significant correlations between E2 plasma levels and volume of the dominant follicle (p less than 0.001) as well as total follicular volume (p less than 0.001) and total ovarian volume (p less than 0.01) were found. Plasma A was significantly related to the ultrasonic changes of ovarian stroma and those follicles which usually fail to ovulate. Plasma T showed a significant correlation with ovarian stroma (p less than 0.05). Significant correlations of E2/A and E2/T peripheral ratios with volume of the dominant follicle (p less than 0.01) were also found. In spontaneous ovulatory cycles, similar correlations between endocrine and morphological parameters have been already published. The findings of the present investigation indicate that in spontaneous and GnRH-induced cycles the endocrine events associated to the follicular development are quite similar. In hypogonadotropic patients, a "normal" follicular maturation may be obtained by means of this therapy.

Androstenedione↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human placental delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4,5 isomerase: in vitro effect of dehydroepiandrosterone and allyestrenol.

The in vitro effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and allylestrenol on human placental delta 5- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4,5 isomerase activity (delta 5-3 beta-HSDH) was investigated by incubation of subcellular fractions with [4-14C] pregnenolone. It has been found that DHA inhibits the delta 5-3 beta-HSDH activity up to -81% at 5 X 10-5 M concentration while allylestrenol seems to be able to lightly stimulate the delt a 5-3 beta-HSDH activity with a maximum effect (+15-26%) at 5 X 10-7 M concentration. The data concerning allylestrenol, seem of particular interest as this compound is used as a progestative drug during pregnancy, if one consider the inhibitory effect exerted by several natural and synthetic steroids on the delta 5-3 beta-HSDH activity.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1988

Ultrasonic and endocrinologic relationships in spontaneous and induced follicular phase.

To correlate ovarian growth and follicular size with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and androstenedione (A) peripheral levels, 20 induced cycles, 6 spontaneous ovulatory cycles and 6 spontaneous anovulatory cycles from 32 women during follicular phase were examined in order to obtain a better insight in the events involved in multiple folliculogenesis. In spontaneous ovulatory cycles, a significant correlation was obtained between E2 plasma levels and volume of the dominant follicle (p less than 0.05) as well as total follicular volume (p less than 0.01). Plasma A was significantly related with sonographic features likely related to ovarian stroma as well as preantral and antral subordinated follicles, which usually fail to ovulate. Significant correlation between E2/A peripheral ratio and volume of the dominant follicle(s) was also found (p less than 0.01). In anovulatory cycles, inverse significant correlation between E2 and sonographic aspects of degenerating antral follicles (p less than 0.001) was found, whereas a positive significant correlation between E2 and ovarian stroma was obtained (p less than 0.001). No correlation between peripheral A and any ovarian sonographic compartment was evident. However in the anovulatory cycles group a significant correlation between A v E2 peripheral levels was found, too. During HMG regimen, all the ovarian compartments seemed to be responsible for E2 peripheral levels. Ovarian stroma as well as preantral and multiple antral follicles were related to A levels. E2/A peripheral ratio did not result to be a good indicator of the large follicles. During "pure" FSH therapy, exclusive correlations between estrogen and large follicles as well as total follicular volume were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Androstenedione↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ovarian and peripheral steroid hormones in a case of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor.

The clinical course, histology, and steroid secretion of a 59-year-old postmenopausal woman with a 4-yr history of virilizing well-differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the right ovary are reported. Hormone secretion was examined by measuring peripheral and ovarian venous gradients and pre-and postoperative levels of some delta 4 and delta 5 steroids, estrogens, gonadotropins and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin levels. The preoperative responsiveness to ACTH, dexamethasone and hCG is also reported. The results are consistent with a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor producing mainly testosterone and, to a lesser degree, androstenedione, progesterone, estrone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. The tumor hormone secretion may be in part responsive to hCG.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Androstenedione, 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone plasma levels in gonadotropins induction of ovulation.

A comparison of peripheral patterns of androstenedione (A), 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) is reported in ten infertile women during HMG-HCG induction of ovulation, in order to assess the site of ovarian secretion of plasma A and the possible influence on conception. Evidence for both the follicular and luteal secretion of plasma A is suggested, in addition to the stromal and adrenal contributions, since a highly significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between A and E2 plasma levels was shown during the treatment. In three cycles of conception, plasma A showed a periovulatory peak and drop, followed by a luteal increase, all of which are characteristic of E2.

Adult↗