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PubMed2006

Clusterin expression and univariate analysis of overall survival in human breast cancer.

The aim of this research is to investigate the significance of clusterin (CLU) expression as a risk factor for breast cancer through tissue microarray technology and univariate analysis of overall survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 158 cases of breast cancer and 31 cases of normal adjacent tissues assembled into a tissue microarray. Cytoplasmic CLU expression in tumor tissues was measured by immunochemistry. Survival analysis was used to investigate the relationship between CLU expression and prognosis, tumor volume, pathological classification, and recurrence. Survival time of patients with CLU expression, lymph node metastasis, and limited post-surgery chemotherapy (<6 cycles of treatment) was significantly shorter than that of patients with no detectable CLU expression (P=0.000), without lymph node metastasis (P=0.000) and more comprehensive post-surgery chemotherapy (>/=6 cycles of treatment) (P=0.035). CLU expression in tumor cells was higher than in normal adjacent breast epithelial cells (P=0.03). The CLU expression staining coefficient of cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis was higher than those without lymph node metastasis (P=0.000). Cytoplasmic CLU expression was found to be a prognostic factor for human breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrasonography in diseases of lymph nodes and soft tissues of the neck].

A study of 55 patients affected by neoplasia of the head and neck or clinically evident laterocervical swellings was carried out in order to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in the study of cervical lymph nodes and soft tissues, excluding thyroid or salivary pathologies. The analysis of results confirmed that, in line with previously published findings, ultrasonography is a reliable method of diagnosing lesions and correctly identifying the affected organ, but then it is considerably less reliable in defining the type of lesion. In view of this, it is reasonable to propose a more widespread use of ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy which, in addition to being a rapid and non-traumatic method, would allow precisely target samples to be taken from those lesions with a doubtful or unusual clinical or ultrasonic appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Classification of skeletal neoplasms (author's transl)].

Complete documentation of the pathological spectrum of a great many similar cancer patients requires interdisciplinary coordination and the absence of ambition of any particular branch. The application of a TNM system devised by the authors for the classification of skeletal neoplasms showed in a retrospective study of 600 cases that the degree of infiltration into the periosteum and soft tissue, which opens more lymphatics to metastasizing tumor cells, is a more relevant parameter of the TNM system than the size of the tumor itself.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

A simple isocentric technique for irradiation of the breast, chest wall and peripheral lymphatics.

The major problem with the standard technique for irradiation of the breast or chest wall and peripheral lymphatics is field matching at the junction between the supraclavicular and tangential fields. Overdosing or under-dosing across the junctions is unavoidable because of beam divergence. Various techniques using a half-blocked supraclavicular field in conjunction with special tangential fields have been introduced recently to eliminate the junction problem; they are, however, complicated, involving couch motions and machine isocentre repositioning when changing from the supraclavicular to the tangential fields. The breast treatment technique which we have used over the past twelve months utilises a supraclavicular half-blocked field, two tangential half-blocked fields and an optional posterior axillary field. The technique is simple and easy to set up since the same machine isocentre is used for all treatment fields and no couch movement or patient repositioning is required. The same half-block collimator which is used to define the caudad border of the supraclavicular field is used to define the cephalad edges of the two tangential fields. The margin of error of treatment is reduced and the dose measurements demonstrate excellent dose homogeneity through the entire treatment volume with no overdose or underdose at the field junction.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Endothelial cells and cancer.

Endothelial cells play a key role in the development and function of blood and lymph vessels. Excessive proliferation and transformation of endothelial cells lead to pathological angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis or vascular malfunctions which are hallmarks of malignant disorders. There is emerging evidence that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) also contribute significantly to these processes. Major progress has been achieved over the past few years in the identification of key molecules involved, and in targeting tumour angiogenesis for human therapy. Current research efforts are concentrated on deciphering the origin and functional properties of endothelium in various tumours, as well as endothelial neoplasms themselves. The aim of these studies is to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating mobilisation of EPCs from bone marrow, and their homing and differentiation into mature endothelium in situ at sites of neovascularisation, as well as the role of viral oncogenes in regulating the plasticity and extending the life span of endothelial cells. Integrated understanding of the mechanisms regulating the properties and function of endothelial cells during tumourigenesis is resulting in the development of a number of exciting and bold approaches for the treatment of cancer.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2004

Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of rectal cancer.

The occurrence of cutaneous metastatic disease from colorectal cancer is uncommon and typically signifies widespread disease with poor prognosis. Colorectal metastases usually occur within the first 3 years of follow up, and the median survival of patients after the appearance of cutaneous metastatic lesions is 18 to 20 months. We describe an unusual case of a 60-year-old woman with a metachronous skin lesion as the sole site of metastatic disease, and a relatively long interval between the appearance of skin metastases and death. The woman was found to have an adenocarcinoma of the rectum, a Dukes' C lesion, extending over the entire rectal wall into the perirectal fat; five of eight regional lymph nodes showed metastases. Adjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy was administered for about 1 year. A subcutaneous lump on the left abdominal wall found 16 months postoperatively was metastatic of rectal origin. A metastatic adenocarcinoma of rectal origin was found in a single left lower axillary node 26 months later. Despite metastatic work-up for the next 2 years, an enlarged and palpated metastatic left inguinal lymph node appeared and was subjected to radiation. Computerized tomography (CT) examination 5 years after the first presentation of the rectal tumor and almost 4 years after the diagnosis of abdominal skin metastases disclosed recurrent pelvic disease with severe left hydronephrosis. Treatment by systemic chemotherapy was partially successful, but she died 8 months after this chemotherapy was initiated.

Abdominal Wall↗
PubMed1992

t(12;22)(q13;q13) and trisomy 8 are nonrandom aberrations in clear-cell sarcoma.

We report a case of clear-cell sarcoma with a t(12;22)(q13;q13) and multiple copies of chromosome 8 in addition to other abnormalities. An identical or similar translocation has previously been reported in this type of tumor, suggesting that the t(12;22) is a primary cytogenetic change in the pathogenesis of a subset of clear-cell sarcomas. In addition, the presence of extra copies of chromosome 8, commonly noted in our case and others, suggests that it represents a nonrandom secondary change in these tumors.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2002

Lymphangioma involving the mandible: immunohistochemical expressions for the lymphatic proliferation.

We report a case of lymphangioma involving oral mucosa and mandible of an elderly female. The surgical and radiological examinations indicated that the lymphangioma was mainly distributed in the labial mucosa tissue, but had gradually extended into the periosteum and intrabony space of mandible. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed using antiseras of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to elucidate the pathogenetic implications of the intraosseous lymphangioma. The present case of lymphangioma showed strong immunohistochemical reactivity of angiogenin and vWF, while it showed weak reactions of VEGF and PCNA. The immunostaining of alpha-SMA disclosed an abnormally thinned and discontinuous smooth muscle layer in the lymphatics. Both the X-rays and histological examination showed that the lymphangioma lesion was gradually extending into the adjacent osteoporotic marrow space of mandible. Therefore, we believe that the present case of intraosseous lymphangioma, which showed the harmatomatous growth of the lymphatics into the marrow space of mandible, is closely related to osteoporotic changes of old age.

Actins↗
PubMed2000

Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein.

A case of a 74-year-old man with leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein is reported. The patient felt transient chest oppression while playing golf 1 week before he visited a clinic with a common cold. He underwent an ultrasonographic examination of the heart, which showed a mass lesion in the left atrium. The preoperative clinical diagnosis was myxoma of the left atrium. Cardiac surgery revealed the mass to be a leiomyosarcoma, probably extending from the left inferior pulmonary vein. The patient underwent a left lower lobectomy of the lung, and the tumor was confirmed to have originated from the wall of the left inferior pulmonary vein. Although the patient had a metastatic lesion in the right axillary lymph node 11 months later, which was excised, he remained free of disease 14 months after the initial operation. Histologically, the tumors were composed of pleomorphic cells with bizarre nuclei and spindle cells with blunt-ended nuclei with 1-4 mitotic figures in 10 high power fields. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. We reviewed 17 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein (six males and 11 females with a mean age of 50 years in each group). The present case was the oldest in age and to our knowledge was the first reported case with metastasis in a distant lymph node.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Anticytokeratin antibody 34 beta E12 staining in prostate carcinoma.

Anticytokeratin antibody 34 beta E12 is advocated as an immunohistochemical stain for discriminating benign and malignant lesions of the prostate. Positive staining with 34 beta E12 is said to identify benign lesions, whereas negative staining is said to help substantiate a diagnosis of carcinoma. It is further claimed that 34 beta E12 does not stain prostate carcinoma. The studies leading to these conclusions used hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of primary prostate lesions as controls. Although the cytokeratin content of a few cell lines of metastatic prostate carcinoma has been investigated, the 34 beta E12 immunohistochemical staining of metastatic prostate carcinoma has not been evaluated. If 34 beta E12 positivity is present only in benign prostate cells, then metastatic prostate carcinoma cells should be uniformly negative with this stain. In 14 cases of moderate and high-grade prostate cancer with metastases to lymph nodes, we found 34 beta E12 positivity in 6 (43%) of 14 metastases and in 7 (54%) of 13 primary tumors. Our findings of 34 beta E12 staining in primary and metastatic moderately and poorly differentiated prostate carcinoma differ from those reported in the literature for well-differentiated prostate carcinoma. We urge caution in the use and interpretation of 34 beta E12 staining for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic prostate carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Lymphatic and local spread of T1 and T2 pancreatic cancer. A study of autopsy material.

Eight autopsy cases of pancreatic cancer (duct cell adenocarcinoma) with T1 and T2 primary tumors were studied histologically to examine the exact extent of lymphatic and local spread. Six of them had microscopic metastasis in grossly negative lymph nodes near the primary tumor. In addition, four of them had a few metastatic nodes in the para-aortic region. In cases with lymphatic metastases, the extent of cancer infiltration within lymphatic vessels, nerves, and/or connective tissues was almost the same as that of lymph node metastasis. Major vascular involvement was found in four cases. There was no case in which multicentricity or marked intraductal spread of cancer cells was observed in the pancreas. It has been suggested that most of T1 and T2 pancreatic cancers have a fairly widespread microscopic extension, although extremely small T1 cancers have a very limited extension.

Adenocarcinoma↗