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Results for “OPHTHALMOSCOPY”
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Diagnostic corneal contact lenses. A kit to facilitate ophthalmoscopy.
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Monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy in office practice.
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Inexpensive objective lenses for indirect ophthalmoscopy.
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Reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer evaluation by dynamic scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
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Imaging of epiretinal membranes in macular holes by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
PURPOSE: Because recognition and removal of an epiretinal membrane are important in macular hole surgery, we used the scanning laser ophthalmoscope preoperatively to study epiretinal membranes in patients with idiopathic macular holes. METHODS: We studied 67 eyes (60 consecutive patients) with idiopathic macular holes. We evaluated the thickness and the extent of the epiretinal membrane by using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. We then compared the fundus images obtained with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope with red-free monochromatic fundus photographs. RESULTS: Confocal imaging of the fundus with either argon blue (488 nm) or argon green (514 nm) laser illumination clearly showed the epiretinal membranes. In all eyes, we observed lesions ranging from a patchy glinting light reflex to a dense epiretinal membrane. A well-demarcated dense epiretinal membrane around the macular hole was observed in seven (44%) of 16 eyes with stage 2 macular holes and in 12 (40%) of 30 eyes with stage 3 holes, but in only two (10%) of 21 eyes with stage 4 holes. The prevalence of the dense epiretinal membrane in stage 2 or 3 holes was significantly higher than in stage 4 holes (P = .025 and .024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Fundus imaging using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope with argon laser illumination is useful preoperatively to evaluate epiretinal membranes in eyes with idiopathic macular holes.
Confocal scanning infrared laser ophthalmoscopy for indocyanine green angiography.
PURPOSE: We used indocyanine green to study wavelength-optimized confocal scanning infrared laser angiography in patients with retinal and choroidal disease. METHODS: A confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope with an excitation wavelength of 795 nm was operated both in tight and wide confocal imaging modes. We examined 77 subjects with and without retinal and choroidal disease (including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and subretinal neovascularization). RESULTS: The scanning laser ophthalmoscope allowed acquisition of images, in the wide confocal imaging mode, of the retinal circulation and late leakage sites without late injections of dye to outline the retinal vasculature. In the tight confocal imaging mode, optical subtraction of the light contribution of the retinal circulation allowed examination of the choroidal circulation, and vice versa. The wide confocal mode appears equivalent to other scanning laser ophthalmoscopes in recording images from retinal and choroidal layers. CONCLUSIONS: There are three differences between the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and conventional instruments. First, the late images allow excellent visualization of the retinal circulation without a landmark injection. Second, confocal imaging allows optical subtraction of retinal circulation when focusing on the choroid and vice versa. Third, the instrument acquires and processes all data digitally, is personal computer-based, is compact, operates with a mouse-driven graphical user interface, and allows easy data exchange with conventional software. With further modifications in software and hardware, this device offers the possibility of producing a three-dimensional map of the retinal and choroidal vasculature.
Zeiss gonioscopy lens for noncontact biomicroscopic ophthalmoscopy.
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A model eye to practice indentation during indirect ophthalmoscopy.
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[An objective measure of ocular torsion: a new indirect ophthalmoscopy lens].
PURPOSE: Ocular torsion can be measured by different means. While subjective methods are commonly used in ophthalmological practice, objective methods are time consuming and require expensive photographic equipment. The authors present a new ophthalmoscopic lens which allows a rapid and quantitative evaluation of cyclotropia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Objective measurement of the optic nerve head (ONH)-foveal angle was performed in 30 eyes of 15 normal volunteers. Results were compared, for each subject to those obtained when measuring ocular torsion by two subjective methods: double Maddox rod and dark red glass in front of Harms' tangent screen. RESULTS: The new ophthalmoscopic lens showed a mean slight incyclotortion of 0.40 degrees +/- 0.20 (SEM) while Harms' tangent screen a mean slight excyclotortion of 0.12 degrees +/- 0.20 and double Maddox rod absence of torsion: 0.02 degrees +/- 0.20. No statistical difference was shown when comparing the three methods with Student paired T test. CONCLUSIONS: The new ophthalmoscopic lens allows a rapid and quantitative evaluation of ocular torsion. Measurements can easily be performed during routine fundus examination by any practitioner.
[A new laser scan system for video ophthalmoscopy. Initial clinical experiences also in relation to digital image processing].
The clinical advantages of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and video imaging of fundus pictures are described. Image quality (contrast, depth of field) and imaging possibilities (confocal stop) are assessed. Imaging with different lasers (argon, He-Ne) and changes in imaging rendered possible by confocal alignment of the imaging optics are discussed. Hard copies from video images are still of inferior quality compared to fundus photographs. Methods of direct processing and retrieval of digitally stored SLO video fundus images are illustrated by examples. Modifications for a definitive laser scanning system - in regard to the field of view and the quality of hard copies - are proposed.
[A new laser scan system for video-ophthalmoscopy. Initial clinical experiences also in connection with digital image processing].
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Screening for diabetic retinopathy by digital imaging photography and technician ophthalmoscopy.
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Retinal blood velocities during carbogen breathing using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
Hyperoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture ('carbogen': 6% CO2-94% O2) is widely used clinically. Its influence on retinal perfusion remains unclear, since past work suggests that high O2 may reduce and high CO2 may increase retinal blood flow. To examine the changes in retinal blood velocity during 'hyperoxic-hypercapnic' gax mixture breathing, we quantified retinal blood velocity indices. Twenty-eight healthy subjects were studied using scanning laser video fluorescein angiograms at baseline and after gas inhalation. Retinal arteriovenous passage time and mean arterial dye velocity were measured by means of a digital image processing system. Arterial diameter measurements showed no change (4%) during carbogen breathing. Increased arterial Pco2 and Po2 resulted in small but statistically significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate (each c. 8%, p < 0.05), and a dramatic increase in mean dye velocity (27%, p < 0.01), with parallel reduction in arteriovenous passage time (40%, p < 0.01). The substantial acceleration of retinal dye velocity and transit under combined hyperoxia and hypercapnia strongly suggests that this clinically standard gas mixture may indeed improve oxygenation without reducing retinal perfusion.
Central retinal artery occlusion in a patient with Fabry's disease documented by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
Fabry's disease, angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism due to lack of activity of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A, resulting in progressive intracellular deposition of neutral glycosphingolipids in various tissues, including vascular endothelial - and smooth muscle cells. Occlusions of the retinal vessels are rare. We present a case of central retinal artery occlusion in a 25-year-old male with Fabry's disease, documented by fluorescein- and indocyanine green angiography performed by scanning laser opththalmoscopy.
MEMS-based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
We have developed a compact, robust adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscope using a microelectromechanical (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM). Facilitated with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, the MEMS-DM-based AO operates a closed-loop modal wave aberration correction for the human eye and reduces wave aberrations in most eyes to below 0.1 microm rms. Lateral resolution is enhanced, and images reveal a clear cone mosaic near the foveal center. The significant increase in throughput allows for a confocal pinhole whose diameter is less than the Airy disc of the collection lens, thereby fully exploiting the axial resolution capabilities of the system.
Indirect ophthalmoscopy lens holder.
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[Screening for diabetic retinopathy with ophthalmoscopy: the contribution of non-ophthalmologist practitioners seems possible].
Diabetic retinopathy is a severe and frequent complication of diabetes. Screening and early treatment of retinal lesions avoid blindness, but diagnosis is often established too late. The purpose of our study was to compare the concordance between the results of examination of fundus oculi whether performed by a previously trained non ophthalmologist physician at diabetes day center or during a routine ophthalmology consultation. Results were classified a posteriori in order to have binary response (presence of the lesion, absence of the lesion). Ninety six eyes were examined. Results of these examinations were compared using the kappa test agreement (kappa). The concordance was good for the majority of retinal lesions. The concordance in the results suggests that the contribution of non ophthalmologist physicians to the screening of diabetic retinopathy is possible and could facilitate the selection of patients who require specialized and elaborate ophthalmologic exploration.