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Experimental infection of chickens with hemorrhagic enteritis virus.

Chickens were experimentally infected with hemorrhagic enteritis virus, causing lesions similar to those observed in turkeys. Lesions were induced by intraperitoneal and oral infection. Virus particles with the morphology of adenovirus were demonstrated in the spleens of infected chickens. Splenic extracts from infected chickens caused lesions of hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys. Recovery from the infection in chickens was followed by the production of antibodies to HEV, demonstrated by agar-gel precipitin test.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of dot ELISA technique in the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in Egypt.

A simplified dot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (dot ELISA) was evaluated as a recent diagnostic test for schistosomiasis in Egypt. 160 individuals with early intestinal, urinary and mixed schistosomiasis were subjected to this study. Another 27 sera of patients suffering from other parasitosis were included for the cross activity reaction. The test was compared with 2 common serological tests for schistosomiasis in Egypt, circumoval precipitin test (COPT) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT). The dot ELISA was shown to have a sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 98% and the highest diagnostic accuracy 98%. The data indicated that the dot ELISA is an accurate and rapid technique for the detection of antischistosomal antibodies.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1980

Serologic testing for amoebiasis.

The diagnosis of amoebiasis presents problems, particularly if one relies on finding the organism. Thus, serologic tests are expedient. A gel diffusion precipitin test (GDP), commercially available, simple to perform, and inexpensive, was compared with the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). 257 Patients' sera were tested; 14 had amoebic colitis, 21 had amoebic liver abscess, 63 had suspected amoebic liver abscess, and 46 had inflammatory bowel disease. GDP tests were positive in 85% of amoebic colitis and 95% of amoebic liver abscess patients; IHA was positive in 91% of amoebic colitis and 94% of abscess patients. Within 6 mo, GDP tests became negative in 66% of patients. IHA tests were observed positive up to 20 yr. The performance characteristics of diagnostic methods in amoebiasis, fecal examination, IHA and GDP, show serologic tests have superior sensitivity and predictive value in recognizing invasive disease.

Dysentery, Amebic↗
PubMed1975

Cystic fibrosis--immunological reactions to A. fumigatus and common allergens.

Immunological studies of forty-three patients with cystic fibrosis showed that positive prick tests to at least one common allergen were obtained in 70%, to multiple allergens in 28% and to A. fumigatus in 50%. Specific IgE antibodies against these allergens were found in the appropriate subjects. In spite of this evidence of type 1, IgE, sensitization none of the patients had a history of infantile eczema. Intracutaneous tests with A. fumigatus extract gave types 1 and 3 reactions in sixteen patients (37%), only seven of whom were among the sixteen (37%) who gave positive precipitin tests. Raised levels of total serum IgG and IgA were found as compared with healthy controls and asthmatic subjects. No differences were found in total serum IgM and IgD levels. The high incidence of allergy to A. fumigatus in cystic fibrosis is confirmed.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1980

[Methods for differentiation of streptococci: comparison of serological, biochemical methods, triple- and camp-test (author's transl)].

Methods for group classification of beta-hemolytic streptococci were compared: biochemical versus serological techniques as well as Triple- and CAMP-Test. Attention was mainly put to the Phadebact streptococcus test, based on the co-agglutination principle which is intended to differentiate groups A, B, C and G. This test is easy to conduct and allows grouping within minutes. Classification was done with 50 strains of clinical isolates. Approximately 88% of the strains were identified as group A and B which are the most important in human streptococcal infections. The co-agglutination gave false results with 6 strains (8%), one of which was group A. The others turned out to be S. milleri, they could be identified only by the Lancefield precipitin test. In cases where several Phadebact antisera lead to an agglutination of one strain, the questionable result must be verified by conventional methods.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1964

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AS AN AID IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF TRICHINOSIS.

The established serological tests for trichinosis are often negative during the period when laboratory investigation is most likely to be useful.Another serological test, the immunofluorescence test, appears to be more promising in this respect. The results were based on studies involving experimental animals and human patients. In two rabbits orally infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae, antibodies were demonstrable by immunofluorescence on the fourth day after infection, by complement fixation on the eighth and tenth days, and by the precipitin test on the thirteenth and twenty-eighth days, respectively. In three human cases the immunofluorescence antibody test was positive two weeks (the earliest blood samples available) after onset, while precipitin and complement fixation tests did not become positive until the end of the fourth week. The immunofluorescence test thus becomes positive at least two weeks earlier than the other two, a factor which undoubtedly increases its value in diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A rapid quantitative method for detecting infectious bursal disease virus using polystyrene latex microspheres.

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was bound to polystyrene latex microspheres. The microspheres agglutinated with extracts of bursae and sera from chickens infected with all strains or isolates of IBDV tested. Agglutination appeared within a 10-min reaction time. The assay could detect a 10(3.7) to 10(4.5) mean embryo infective dose (EID50) of the virus in 0.01 ml and the titer of the assay was 10- to 40-times higher than that of the agar gel precipitin test.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunologic diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia traits.

Frequently it is impossible to diagnose alpha-thalassemia-2 trait from hematologic findings, since the red cell morphology and the MCV are normal. In such cases, after the neonatal period Hb Bart's is not detectable by conventional electrophoreses and chromatography. Antibody against Hb Bart's was produced in rabbits by repeated injections with Hb Bart's from Hb Bart's hydropic fetuses. The antibody was specific for Hb Bart's without crossreaction with Hbs A, A2, E, F and H. By the capillary tube precipitin test Hb Bart's was demonstrable in 82% of 87 obligatory cases for alpha-thalassemia traits, 86% in alpha-thalassemia-1 trait and 79% in alpha-thalassemia-2 trait. The test was positive in 21% of the general subjects, corresponding to the prevalence of alpha-thalassemia in Bangkok. Thus the immunologic demonstration of Hb Bart's appears to offer a diagnostic screening test for alpha-thalassemia traits in the postneonatal period.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Determination of C reactive protein: an evaluation of three methods.

Two semi-quantitative methods--a latex kit and a precipitin test--and a quantitative turbidometric technique were compared to determine the concentration of C reactive protein in serum. Neither of the semi-quantitative tests was found superior in respect of performance or rapidity to the turbidometric method. The cost of capital equipment needed for the latter is high, but it may also be used for a range of other rapid quantitative determinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Antibodies against outer membrane proteins in rabbit antisera prepared against Escherichia coli O26 K60.

Antibodies directed against the protein constituents of the outer envelope membrane of Escherichia coli O26 K60 were demonstrated in antisera elicited in rabbits against three different preparations of the bacterium. Outer membraned solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulphate were applied to the antisera in an interfacial precipitin test, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the resulting immunecomplexes. Protein profiles showed a complete outer membrane protein pattern, indicating the antigenic character of these proteins. Antisera containing antibodies against outer membrane proteins and free of reactive antibodies against lipopolysaccharide showed relatively low agglutinating activities against the bacteria. The antibodies against the protein constituents of the outer membrane belong mainly to the 7S class immunoglobulins, as indicated by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of the antisera.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease without clinical asthma.

During a retrospective survey of patients with pulmonary shadows and blood eosinophilia between the years 1965 and 1980, 42 patients were found with allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease. Eleven of these had no clinical evidence of asthma. Three of these 11 had hypersensitivity to fungi other than Aspergillus sp. In the absence of asthma there was some difficulty in making a diagnosis, particularly where collapse of the upper lobe occurred in middle-aged or elderly patients and bronchogenic carcinoma was presumed responsible. We suggest that the term allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis be replaced by allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease, the diagnosis be considered in patients with lung disease and blood eosinophilia even in the absence of asthma, and a wider range of fungal allergens be used for skin and precipitin tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of the intraoval precipitin reaction (IOP) for diagnosis of schistosomiasis.

On using lypholized eggs of S. mansoni isolated from mice, and that of S. haematobium isolated fresh from man. IOP was not observed and the sensitivity of (COP) was less in the former than in the latter. The IOP reaction should be taken into account when the ovum precipitin test is employed for schistosomiasis serodiagnosis and seroepidemiology, as being more sensitive than the COP reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Variability of extracts used in immunoprecipitin tests.

Immunodiffusion reactions of several different commercial fungal extracts from organisms were compared to those obtained from patients' environments. Sera were obtained from patients suspected of having hypersensitivity lung disease (HLD). There was a difference in reactivity among the sources of the antigen and in some lots of antigen from the same commercial supplier. The results demonstrate a wide variation in the reactivity of different antigenic extracts and emphasize the need for uniform standardization of preparations used in precipitin tests.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1980

Antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus in farmers' lung patients measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus in farmers' lung patients, various other pulmonary diseases and healthy controls. Both the prevalence and the mean titre of antibodies were significantly higher in farmers' lung patients than in the other groups. There was no difference between controls and patients with bronchial asthma or non-allergic pulmonary diseases. On the other hand, in the group of patients with respiratory diseases of undefined aetiology the mean antibody titre was significantly higher than that of the controls. Comparison of ELISA and the precipitin test showed the higher sensitivity of ELISA, but otherwise the two tests were in a close agreement.

Antibodies, Fungal↗