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The ambiguity of transference.

This paper has attempted to find relationships between different psychoanalytic schools, as well as between seemingly disparate views in theoretical and technical debates, along the essentially ambiguous concept of transference. Seeing transference as a condensation as well as a displacement, as recommended by Jordan (1992), has greatly facilitated this task by revealing an ongoing dialectical counterpoint of psychoanalytic dialogue. A sitting duck, the analyst conjures up a demand for recognition by the patient that is made more transparent in its contradiction by the analyst's quality of a decoy. As the scarecrow comes to life, the patient finds out that his demand cannot be fulfilled because ultimately it does not fit as it does not truly come from him. As it becomes clear that it does not come from the analyst either, the analyst as proxy gives all the clues as to the true source of desire. The many issues raised by Freud's monumental discovery are far from solved, and they surely will continue to inspire a continuing scientific dialogue. The issue of recognition in the Hegelian sense is suggested as a potentially fruitful common denominator of the transferential quest, to be further explored.

Defense Mechanisms↗

[Specific countertransference experience and interpersonal problem description in psychodynamic psychotherapy].

In psychodynamic psychotherapy, countertransference and its professional use is seen as an important means to identify central difficulties of patients. The present study examines the correspondence of countertransference and interpersonal difficulties in 30 therapist-patient couples in day hospital psychodynamic psychotherapy. Interpersonal problems were recorded using the inventory of interpersonal problems (IIP) and countertransference was measured using the impact message inventory (IMI). Correspondence was measured as the correlation of IIP data from the patients and IMI data from the therapists. Data were collected at the start of therapy, after 4 weeks of treatment, and at the end of treatment. Over the course of the therapy, an increase in the correspondence of interpersonal problems as reported by patients and countertransference could be observed, starting with r = 0.22 at the beginning of therapy and continuing through r = 0.47 after 4 weeks to r = 0.58 at the end of therapy. The mean correlation was slightly above that of a control group of 20 nonclinical couples associated for at least 6 months.

Adult↗

Reconsideration of "motherhood" in contemporary Japan.

In this paper, the author reconsiders "motherhood" in Japan. This reconsideration is based on Japanese psychoanalytic knowledge and a case study of a woman. As a child she was physically abused by her father, and struggled throughout her life with conflicts with her mother. The Japanese have historically idealized the concept of "motherhood" and maintained that it was possible for women to become the ideal mother for their children. The author maintains that "motherhood" is not dependent only on mothers, but is created and shared by fathers, children and all of society. In psychotherapy, the therapist provides a "motherly" energy to the client and shares the "motherhood" fantasy with the client to a certain extent. The therapist assists the client in the gradual process of abandoning the desire to be loved by the ideal mother and accept "motherhood" from other sources.

Adult↗

From benign mirror to demon lover: an object relations view of compulsion versus desire.

This article addresses the terrifying power of the father as a dynamic force within the psyche of the female. Its particular focus is on how the psychodynamic form of father internalization within the female effects her creative process and her creative work. Two cases vignettes of female writers are used to illustrate the interaction of traumatizing parental behavior and the daughter's incestuous desire on promoting compulsions and inhibitions in creative work. Writing blocks will be seen as a symptom of trauma and psychic conflict that has taken place in the oedipal and post oedipal years, as opposed to the creative compulsions that result from primal stage preoedipal trauma.

Compulsive Behavior↗

Subversive redemption in psychoanalysis.

Subversive redemption--the sense of overturning the conventional order of things in order to recover lost parts of the self--is a virtually neglected topic in psychoanalysis. With free association, Freud empowered patients to harness unconventional thoughts and feelings. Patients who engage in subversive redemption frequently have a strong sense of agency prompting them to open up in new ways in lieu of "playing it safe." When patients begin to express certain forbidden ideas, the boundaries of analysis are broadened, freeing the analytic pair to become fully authentic. Psychoanalysis provides patients with an arena to renew themselves as they risk "killing off" their status quo positions to achieve the paradox of living more dangerously in the safety of the analytic surrounds. Patients then feel more confident about undertaking the process of subversive redemption in the wider world.

Dreams↗

Reading and writing: psychoanalytical treatment in a case of paranoia.

Difficulties encountered in clinical work with psychoses require psychoanalytical approaches different from those used for treating neurosis. The authors use a clinical case of a paranoiac patient to highlight the role played by writing, drawing, and painting in the psychoanalytical treatment of psychosis. They also discuss the role of the reader-analyst in this patient's transferential process, which led to the emergence of a new subjectivity.

Adult↗

Defect and recognition in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex.

This paper explores the relationships between experienced defect and the subsequent shame and longing for recognition. A clinical vignette is presented in which a young woman sought treatment for her infidelity to her husband: a behavior she found totally mystifying and deeply troubling. Using Bollas' concept of "the unthought known," parallels are drawn between this patient, who was adopted at 2 weeks of age, and Oedipus' experience of knowing and not knowing his fate. A case is made for the idea that we both avoid and seek to know what is unbearable about ourselves, including our sense of defects. One motivation for this is the longing to be seen, recognized, known, and, finally, know one's self.

Adoption↗

The canary in the mind: on the fate of dreams in psychoanalysis and in contemporary culture.

Dreams have been central in the birth and evolution of psychoanalysis. This paper explores the remarkable story of the relationship between dreams and psychoanalysis as a modern version of the long history of dreams in most healing traditions. But psychoanalysis seems to have turned away from dreams as central inspiration in a way parallel to the general culture's turn away from dreams and the reality of inner life. Yet modern postindustrial culture is transfixed by a version of "dream life" in ways just beginning to be understood (e.g., in the transformation of ancient interest in the inner screen to the external screen). Working with dreams in psychoanalytic psychotherapy was a creative and revolutionary act for our forebears. It is even more so today, in ways that are discussed in this paper.

Culture↗

The psychodynamic formulation. How and why.

Medical students and psychiatric residents are often required to write psychodynamic formulations. Guidelines are given to accomplish this task, which include consideration of the precipitating event and the needs that are stimulated by it. Next, the regulating and mediating functions of the mind are discussed along with predisposing factors. Two clinical cases are presented and sample formulations are given. Finally, the author relates the psychodynamic understanding to the overall treatment of the patient.

Adult↗