Radioautography of Tritiated Photosynthate Arising from HTO.
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Radioautographic investigation of the cell nuclei of adult mice after injection of leucine-H(3), methionine-H(3), or glycine-H(3) shows a high uptake of tritium by chromatin material but not by nucleoli. It is concluded that protein synthesis occurs continuously within nuclear chromatin.
Electron microscope radioautographs of nerve ending fractions from mouse cerebrum show that radioactive protein is associated with nerve endings 15 and 90 minutes after intracerebral injection of tritiated leucine and lysine. The results are consistent with synthesis of protein at nerve endings, or with extremely rapid transport of particulate protein to nerve endings in the mouse cerebrum, or both.
Tritiated corticosterone injected subcutaneously into adrenalectomized male rats 1 hour before killing produced intense labeling of the hippocampus in radioautograms prepared by a method that reduced or prevented diffusion of the radioactive material. The pyramidal neurons of the cornu ammonis and the granule neurons of the gyrus dentatus contained more radioactivity than did other regions of the brain; however, the intensity of labeling varied among adjacent neurons. The nuclei of many neurons were clearly labeled but radioactivity was relatively sparse in the cytoplasm, in the axons where they branch from cell bodies, and in adjacent neuropil.
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We have shown that there is extensive innervation of cusp pulp and dentin in rat molars. The dental nerves either end freely below the odontoblast layer or form gap junction endings on the odontobast cell body or along its dential process. The nerves are largely absent from response dentin, are found in contact with virtually all other odontoblasts at the tip of the cusps, are less frequent in intercuspal regions, and are absent from root dentin and odontoblast layers. The incisors were completely different from the molars, perhaps because they are continuously erupting teeth. The distribution of nerve endings in rat molars may be representative of that in teeth of other species, but the nerve endings should be mapped radioautographically for each type of tooth before generalizations can be made.
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The effectiveness of crystalline alpha-amylase and saliva in hydrolyzing newly formed glycogen in liver and muscle was examined. Glycogen synthesis was induced by the administration of H3-glucose to fasting rats or by the incubation of tissue slices in a medium containing H3-glucose. Paraffin sections of Rossman-fixed tissues or small pieces of liver fixed in glutaraldehyde and subsequently postosmicated and embedded in Epon were then enzymatically digested. Grain counts were made in radioautographs of treated and untreated materials, and the amount of radioactivity removed by the digestion was used to assess the efficiency of the enzymes in hydrolyzing glycogen. Crystalline alpha-amylase hydrolyzed almost completely newly formed glycogen in liver and muscle. Saliva removed the glycogen that was synthesized in vivo, but it was less effective in hydrolyzing glycogen synthesized in vitro. Electron micrographs of digested liver cells confirmed the radioautographic findings on the effectiveness of the enzyme preparations.
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