PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “REM Sleep Behavior Disorder”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Insomnia in the elderly: cognitive involvement and therapeutic attitudes].

INTRODUCTION: Sleep is an important biological function, which greatly affects the quality of life at all ages. Sleep influences the alertness and stress levels, psychosomatic diseases and health in general. DEVELOPMENT: The predisposition to insomnia increases with age, illnesses such as heart disease, breathing disorders, cancer, strokes, pain and polyuria often disturb sleep patterns. In addition, the aging process, which directly alters sleep-wake cycles and other cerebral functions, affects the elderly. All the above points can lead to an increase in sleep latency, less total sleep time, increases in early awakening and a greater frequency of daytime naps. In an attempt to improve sleep in the elderly, and thus their quality of life, we can try to prevent stress and psychiatric symptoms by altering life-styles and improve the patients' awareness of the problem. Hypnotic drugs are useful for short periods but for longer ones we prefer techniques which attempt to modify behavior. In chronic patients who need treatment with hypnotic drugs for a long time, therapy must be individualized.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Sleep events among veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbances are important features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the published data characterizing PTSD sleep phenomena are limited. The authors report on the phenomenology and physiological correlates of symptomatic sleep events in PTSD. METHOD: The study data included survey results that addressed sleep symptoms during the past month in combat veterans with and without PTSD (N = 58), sleep diary records of awakenings from combat veterans with PTSD hospitalized on an inpatient rehabilitation unit (N = 52), and overnight polysomnography recordings obtained from 21 medication-free combat veterans with PTSD and eight healthy comparison subjects not exposed to combat. RESULTS: Recurrent awakenings, threatening dreams, thrashing movements during sleep, and awakenings with startle or panic features represented the most prevalently reported sleep-related symptoms. Laboratory findings of longer time awake, micro-awakenings, and a trend for patients to exhibit body and limb movements during sleep are consistent with the subjectively reported symptom profile. Prospectively assessed symptomatic awakenings featured startle or panic symptoms or anxiety related to threatening dreams. Laboratory findings revealed a trend for the symptomatic awakenings (with and without dream recall) to be disproportionately preceded by REM sleep, and the two recorded awakenings with objective physiological arousal were preceded by REM. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD features intrusions into sleep of more highly aroused behaviors and states, which appear partially conditioned to REM sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Ozone exposure alters 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid contents in dialysates from dorsal raphe and medial preoptic area in freely moving rats. Relationships with simultaneous sleep disturbances.

Ozone (O3) has been reported to affect sleep patterns and also striatal and mesencephalic contents of 5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in rats. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effects of O3 exposure in rats upon extracellular 5-HIAA levels in the dorsal raphe (DR) and the hypothalamic medial preoptic area (MPO), two structures involved in sleep-wake homeostasis. Exposure to O3 followed a bell-shaped diurnal pattern, similar to that observed in cities with high air pollution levels. The highest O3 concentration employed was 0.5 ppm. Simultaneous polygraphic records were performed to evaluate the concomitant effects of this exposure model on sleep patterns. Results showed that extracellular 5-HIAA levels increased by 28% in the DR (P=0.0213) while paradoxical sleep (PS) decreased by 56% (P=0.0000) during the light O3 exposure phase. A decrease of 32% in 5-HIAA levels in the MPO (P=0.0450), and of 22% in slow wave sleep (SWS) (P=0.0002) and an increase of 21% in wakefulness (P=0.0430) during the dark post-exposure (Dpost) phase were also observed. We propose that the decrease in PS is the behavioral expression of disruptions of serotonergic DR modulation and, that post-exposure effects observed in the MPO can be explained on the basis of the hypothalamic role in the sleep-wake cycle.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2003

CSF hypocretin-1 levels in narcolepsy, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and other hypersomnias and neurological conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of CSF hypocretin-1 in narcolepsy with and without cataplexy, Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS), idiopathic and other hypersomnias, and several neurological conditions. PATIENTS: 26 narcoleptic patients with cataplexy, 9 narcoleptic patients without cataplexy, 2 patients with abnormal REM-sleep-associated hypersomnia, 7 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia, 2 patients with post-traumatic hypersomnia, 4 patients with KLS, and 88 patients with other neurological disorders. RESULTS: 23 patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy had low CSF hypocretin-1 levels, while one patient had a normal hypocretin level (HLA-DQB1*0602 negative) and the other two had intermediate levels (familial forms). One narcoleptic patient without cataplexy had a low hypocretin level. One patient affected with post-traumatic hypersomnia had intermediate hypocretin levels. The KLS patients had normal hypocretin levels while asymptomatic, but one KLS patient (also affected with Prader-Willi syndrome) showed a twofold decrease in hypocretin levels during a symptomatic episode. Among the patients without hypersomnia, two patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and one with unclear central vertigo had intermediate levels. CONCLUSION: Low CSF hypocretin-1 is highly specific (99.1%) and sensitive (88.5%) for narcolepsy with cataplexy. Hypocretin ligand deficiency appears not to be the major cause for other hypersomnias, with a possible continuum in the pathophysiology of narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. However, partial hypocretin lesions without low CSF hypocretin-1 consequences cannot be definitely excluded in those disorders. The existence of normal hypocretin levels in narcoleptic patients and intermediate levels in other rare aetiologies needs further investigation, especially for KLS, to establish the functional significance of hypocretin neurotransmission alterations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Narcolepsy in prepubertal children.

Narcolepsy was diagnosed in 51 children (29 boys). The age range was 2.1 to 11.8 years (mean, 7.9 +/- 3.1 years). A mean of three referrals was made before narcolepsy was considered. In 10 children, cataplexy was the presenting symptom. Thirty-eight children acknowledged sleep paralysis and 30 acknowledged hypnagogic hallucinations. All children had sleep studies; 31 exhibited rapid eye movement at sleep onset. The mean sleep latency was 1.5 minutes +/- 39 seconds on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. All children had at least two sleep-onset rapid eye movement sleep episodes in this test. Forty-six children were HLA class II-positive for DQw6, and 45 were also positive for DRw15. Thirty (65%) families refused referrals to support and counseling groups. Teachers often refused to acknowledge a medical problem. During follow-up, all children presented at least once with depressive symptoms in reaction to their syndrome. Narcolepsy should be considered when evaluating children with behavioral and depressive symptoms.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1977

1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), methadone and morphine abstinence in dependent rats: EEG and behavioral correlates.

Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with chronic intravenous cannulas and cortical and muscle electrodes for recording electroencephalograms and electromyograms, respectively. They were made physically dependent on morphine by automatic intravenous injections and then trained to lever press in order to self-administer morphine on a FR-20 schedule of reinforcement. Upon stabilization of morphine self-administration, one group continued to self-administer morphine, while two other groups were switched to methadone or 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) self-administration for an additional five to ten days. Continuous EEG and EMG recordings were collected. Initially, automatic injections of morphine suppressed rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, then tolerance developed to this effect. REM sleep time in rats self-administering LAAM, methadone or morphine was within the lower limit of the normal range. Following withdrawal, REM sleep was severely suppressed during the first 24 h with morphine and methadone, but only moderately suppressed with LAAM. Increases in lever pressing during withdrawal from morphine and methadone occurred earlier and were more intense and prolonged than for LAAM. The incidence of head shakes peaked earlier and was higher for morphine and methadone during withdrawal than for LAAM. Irritability scores increased for morphine and methadone during the first day of withdrawal, but did not show any increase until the third day for LAAM. These findings suggest that in dependent rats withdrawal from LAAM is less severe than withdrawal from morphine or methadone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Hallucination in opsoclonus-polymyoclonus syndrome].

Here we report 2 cases of opsoclonus-polymyoclonus syndrome (OPS) associated with viral encephalitis. They had sleep disturbance, and visual hallucination. Case 1 had auditory hallucination in addition, and case 2 had dreamlike behavior. Those hallucination, which were colorful and vivid, usually appeared at the bed time. Their hallucinations were similar to peduncular hallucinations and you may also call hypnagogic hallucinations, which are often seen in patients with narcolepsy. Dreamlike behavior is observed during REM sleep in patients with brainstem damage or sometimes in the healthy elderly people. The presence of sleep disturbance, hypnagogic hallucination, and dreamlike behavior suggests that there may be some relationship between OPS and REM sleep. Considering that REM sleep is suppressed by serotonergic projection of the dorsal raphe nucleus in addition to several reports about brainstem lesion with serotonergic abnormalities in this disorder, we considered that dysfunction of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus might be related in the development of OPS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of the spontaneous and gripping-induced immobility episodes on taiep rats.

In 1989, we described a new autosomic-recessive myelin-mutant rat that develops a progressive motor syndrome characterized by tremor, ataxia, immobility episodes (IEs), epilepsy, and paralysis. taiep is the acronym of these symptoms. The rat developed a hypomyelination, followed by demyelination. At an age of 7-8 months, taiep rats developed IEs, characterized electroencephalographically by REM sleep-like cortical activity. In our study, we analyzed the ontogeny of gripping-induced IEs between 5 and 18 months, their dependence to light-dark changes, sexual dimorphism, and susceptibility to mild stress. Our results showed that IEs start at an age of 6.5 months, with a peak frequency between 8.5 and 9.5 months. IEs have two peaks, one in the morning (0800-1000 h) and a second peak in the middle of the night (2300-0100 h). Spontaneous IEs showed an even distribution with a mean of 3 IEs every 2 h. IEs are sexually dimorphic being more common in male rats. The IEs can be induced by gripping the rat by the tail or the thorax, but most of the IEs were produced by gripping the tail. Mild stress produced by i.p. injection of physiological saline significantly decreased IEs. These results suggested that IEs are dependent on several biological variables, which are caused by hypomyelination, followed by demyelization, which causes alterations in the brainstem and hypothalamic mechanisms responsible for the sleep-wake cycle regulation, producing emergence of REM sleep-like behavior during awake periods.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Sleep in the elderly patient.

Sleep problems in the elderly are extraordinarily common. The authors discuss normal sleep, changes in sleep with normal aging, and sleep disorders in the elderly, focusing on sleep-disordered breathing. In addition, nocturnal myoclonus and rapid-eye movement behavior disorder are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Use of antidepressants in sleep disorders: practical considerations].

There is a general tendency to restrict the notion of sleep disorders to insomnia and consequently to limit treatment to the prescription of hypnotics. However, it is very often of benefit to prescribe psychotropic agents, in particular antidepressants, not only in insomnia but also in certain cases of hypersomnia, parasomnia and dysomnia associated with organic diseases. In some conditions, however, antidepressants may either induce or aggravate sleep disorders. This is the case with a number of psychostimulants that occasionally induce insomnia. It is also true of the tricyclic antidepressants, which may worsen or even induce a restlessleg syndrome that is often associated with periodic movement syndrome. On the other hand, the antidepressants may play a therapeutic role in certain sleep disorders : - depression-related insomnia is of course the << primary >> indication for antidepressants. Furthermore, certain antidepressants exhibit a sedative action resulting in a hypnogenic-type effect which appears well before the antidepressant effect; - the other types of insomnia may also often be treated with antidepressants : not acute reactional insomnia, against which hypnotics are remarkably effective, but chronic insomnia. In addition, all antidepressants may eventually correct depressive hypersomnia, but in these cases, it is evidently preferable to prescribe non-sedative drugs. Although some tricyclic antidepressants have been proposed for use in hypersomnia due to sleep apnea, their therapeutic interest is minor compared with mechanical and surgical treatment. In contrast, antidepressants play an important role in the treatment of narcolepsy, particularly for the correction of attacks of cataplexy. Antidepressants have also been used for some time in the treatment of parasomnia related to slow deep sleep (night terrors and sleepwalking), but the antidepressants may also be used in enuresis and in parasomnia related to REM sleep : nightmares, sleep paralysis, behavioral problems associated with REM sleep. Antidepressant (mainly serotoninergic drugs) are often used in the treatment of fibrolitis syndrome. Finally, antidepressants (particularly the serotoninergic antidepressants) play an important role in the drug treatment of fibromyalgia.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ontogeny of feline temporal lobe epilepsy. III: Spontaneous sleep and arousal disorders in amygdala-kindled kittens.

We report the ontogeny and persistence of sleep and arousal disorders in amygdala-kindled kittens. We also identify procedural differences that may explain discrepancies in the literature on postkindling sleep disorders. The study population consisted of 12 preadolescent kittens kindled between 2.5 and 6.5 months of age, 8 of which were followed to adulthood (> or = 1 year), and 8 unkindled implanted control animals. Sleep and seizure patterns were monitored on 12-24-h polygraphic or split-screen video recordings of EEG and behavioral activity. Kindled kittens displayed spontaneous seizure and interictal sleep anomalies that persisted to adulthood, as follows. As compared with neurosurgical controls, kindled kittens exhibited slow-wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep insomnia at least 1 year after kindling and 1-5 months after convulsions, regardless of postictal recording delay. Sleep and arousal defects in kindled kittens were similar to but more pronounced than those in kindled adult cats, possibly because kittens spontaneously became epileptic. Detection of postkindling SWS insomnia could be masked by brief scoring epochs (less than the preferred 1-min epoch for cats); recurrent behavioral arousals after kindling frequently aborted 1-min SWS epochs but often did not interrupt 30-s SWS epochs (based on 1-min vs. 30-s minimum duration scoring criteria). Detection of postkindling REM sleep insomnia could be masked in kittens with alternating patterns of REM loss and REM rebound; all these kittens showed periodic bouts of REM onset from waking after kindling. Different data collection and analysis procedures influence detection of sleep and arousal disorders in amygdala-kindled cats when replication of findings is attempted. We conclude that these differences explain some controversies regarding the nature and prevalence of sleep disturbances in the kindling literature in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Amygdala↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between EEG sleep measures and clinical ratings of depression. A revisit.

The relationship between clinical and behavioral ratings and EEG sleep variables has been controversial, leading to a possible premature abandonment of the possible significance for these interrelationships. Instead, our reexamination of this issue in 62 depressed patients suggests that while the strength of these relationships do not account for the majority of variance, correlations between EEG sleep and behavioral measures should not be disregarded as trivial, for the degree of these relationships is commensurate with other behavioral-biological relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Induction of cytokine synthesis and fever suppresses REM sleep and improves mood in patients with major depression.

Beneficial effects of inflammatory events on certain psychiatric disorders, including depression, were reported sporadically by ancient Greek physicians, but have been described also in our times by a few psychiatrists during the past decades. During febrile inflammatory events, mediators of the immune system such as interleukin-1 can be detected in the brain and may act on their respective receptors which have also been demonstrated in the brain. Since cytokines such as interleukin-1 have been shown in animal studies to exert sedative behavioral effects, to be somnogenic, and to induce slow-wave sleep (SWS), we performed a pilot study to evaluate scientifically the anecdotically reported beneficial effects of inflammatory states on depressive disorders. Mood and sleep parameters were monitored in seven drug-free, severely depressed patients before, during, and after the administration of a single dose of endotoxin. All patients responded with a short pulse of increased synthesis of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 and elevated body temperature for several hours. During the night following endotoxin administration, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was significantly suppressed, while changes in slow wave sleep were not significant. During the next day, all patients were in a significantly improved mood; however a rebound of REM sleep was observed in the second night after endotoxin administration and mood worsened again during the next days, indicating an only transient beneficial effect of the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Electroencephalographic sleep profiles before and after cognitive behavior therapy of depression.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have not fully resolved the state-dependent vs traitlike behavior of the electroencephalographic sleep abnormalities associated with depression. We therefore examined the sleep profiles of depressed patients before and after 16 weeks of treatment with cognitive behavior therapy to determine the stability or reversibility of selected abnormalities. METHODS: Seventy-eight unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder were stratified into abnormal and normal subgroups on the basis of pretreatment sleep study results. Two prospectively defined types of sleep variables were studied: those expected to be traitlike or state independent (type 1) and those predicted to be reversible or state dependent (type 2). RESULTS: The type 1 sleep disturbances (reduced rapid eye movement latency, decreased delta sleep ratio, and decreased slow wave sleep [in percentage]) were stable, as predicted, across time. A composite measure of type 2 disturbances (based on rapid eye movement latency, sleep efficiency, and rapid eye movement density) improved significantly, although a minority of patients in remission had persistent abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: The electroencephalographic sleep correlates of depression can be disaggregated into state-independent and partially reversible subgroups. Persistent sleep disturbances in remitted patients may have ominous prognostic implications.

Adult↗