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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of proliferating activity of pleomorphic adenoma arising from the salivary glands--using anti BrdU monoclonal antibody].

Salivary gland tumors present diverse histopathological aspects and show various biological behavior. At present, the immunohistological method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies, which was originated in the field neurosurgery, has been tried extensively in various fields of medicine. Using this method, the authors have attempted to detect biological characteristics of salivary gland tumor tissues, especially those of pleomorphic adenomas. The labelling index (L.I.) is defined as the percentage of the labelled cells (proliferating cells) in the tumor tissue. In order to confirm the usefulness of the L.I. for measuring the proliferating activity of tumor tissue, an investigation was conducted with respect to squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, excluding salivary gland tumors. The results indicate that the L.I. is highly correlated with the differentiation of these carcinomas. In salivary gland tumors, values of the L.I. are also higher for benign tumors than for normal or inflammatory tissues and the values were even higher for malignant tumors. Values of the L.I. are low for pleomorphic adenomas, which are the majority of salivary gland tumors, as well as for other benign tumors. However considerable individual variabilities, are bound for pleom. ad. and the values of the L.I. are markedly high in some cases. These high values are particularly common in patients with whom strong positivity in Ga scintigraphy, or primary growth in the submandibular glands are found. The localization of proliferating cells shows a characteristic pattern in each type of tumor tissue. In pleomorphic adenomas, proliferating cells are sporadically distributed but the main growth is located at the site of the epithelioid proliferative region, excluding the duct-forming locus. However, the overall proliferating activity of myxochondromatous tumors is not generally low, and the proliferating activity is not particularly high in the region of infiltrating is the capsule.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1979

Histology of salivary gland infarction in the dog.

Salivary gland infarction was found in two adult dogs. The main changes were ischaemic necrosis, capsular fibrosis and regenerative hyperplasia of surviving ductal epithelium. Necrosis of arterial tunica media and thrombosis were found only in the infarcted parts of the salivary glands. The lesions appeared to be confined to the salivary glands; no cause of the infarction was found.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Imaging of salivary gland pathology.

Calcifications in the salivary glands may occur in calculi, chronic infection or inflammation, phleboliths, lymph nodes, chronic hematoma, amyloidosis, and tumors including pleomorphic adenomas, schwannomas, and mucoepidermoid cancers. This article discusses the different types of salivary gland conditions and the best methods of imaging for diagnosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed2001

Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human salivary gland tumors.

We examined the immunohistochemical localization of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in human salivary gland tumors. Thirty salivary gland adenomas (SGA), 40 salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) and 15 normal salivary glands (NSG) were studied. NSG showed restricted COX-2 staining only in the epithelial cells of salivary ducts. In contrast, COX-2 protein was detected in 27 cases of SGA (90%), except for three myoepitheliomas, and in all cases of SGC (100%) at various intensities and in various fashions. Thirteen SGA (43%) and 36 SGC (90%) cases showed strong COX-2 staining predominantly in tumor cells containing ductal components, as did serous and mucous acinic components of acinic cell carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas and mucinous carcinomas. These findings may suggest that COX-2 in salivary gland tumors is expressed in tumor cells derived from pluripotential ductal epithelium that can histologically develop into either serous or mucinous acinar cells.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Mosquito salivary glands: Parasitological and molecular aspects.

The salivary glands of mosquitoes serve in sugar feeding and blood vessel location. Components have been recently identified that may function in sugar feeding and digestion and platelet anti-aggregation. These factors correlate with salivary gland structure and appear to be controlled differentially in female mosquitoes. Analysis of gene expression has led to the discovery of three novel moieties in saliva: two involved in sugar feeding and one, specific to female mosquitoes, which is probably involved in blood feeding. Studies of parasite involvement in the salivary glands and host haemostasts have shown that parasites target specific interactions and modify them to enhance transmission. Here, Anthony James and Philippe Rossignol present an overview of mosquito salivary gland morphology and function, discuss recent advances in salivary gland molecular biology that have led to the discovery of new components and describe how parasites may modify salivary function to enhance transmission,.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Identification of major soluble salivary gland proteins in teneral Glossina morsitans morsitans.

Salivary glands of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidiae) contain molecules that are involved in preventing blood clotting during feeding as well as molecules thought to be intimately associated with trypanosome development and maturation. Here we present a protein microchemical analysis of the major soluble proteins of the salivary glands of Glossina morsitans morsitans, an important vector of African trypanosomes. Differential solubilization of salivary proteins was followed by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analysis of fractions by 1-D gel electrophoresis to reveal four major proteins. Each protein was subjected to amino acid microanalysis and N-terminal microsequencing. A protein chemical approach using high-resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was also used to identify the salivary proteins. Matrix-assisted, laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) tandem mass spectrometry methods were used for peptide mass mapping and sequencing, respectively. Sequence information and peptide mass maps queried against the NCBI non-redundant database confirmed the identity of the first protein as tsetse salivary gland growth factor-1 (TSGF-1). Two proteins with no known function were identified as tsetse salivary gland protein 1 (Tsal 1) and tsetse salivary gland protein 2 (Tsal 2). The fourth protein was identified as Tsetse antigen-5 (TAg-5), which is a member of a large family of anti-haemostatic proteins. The results show that these four proteins are the most abundant soluble gene products present in salivary glands of teneral G. m. morsitans. We discuss the possible functions of these major proteins in cyclical transmission of African trypanosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

In-situ hybridization localized MUC7 mucin gene expression to the mucous acinar cells of human and MUC7-transgenic mouse salivary glands.

MUC7 gene that encodes the low molecular weight human salivary mucin MG2, was previously shown to be expressed in tissue-specific manner in normal human salivary glands and in salivary glands of transgenic mice carrying the MUC7 transgene. The purpose of this study was to examine the cell specificity of MUC7 expression in human and transgenic mice salivary glands. To localize the MUC7 transcripts, we used in-situ hybridization in combination with Tyramide Signal Amplification procedure. The results clearly showed that in both the human and transgenic mice salivary gland tissue sections, MUC7 transcripts were localized only in mucous acinar cells; no signals were found in serous acinar cells or any other cell types present in these salivary glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A quantitative study on growth and cell population identification in murine salivary gland culture.

Differentiation of neonatal salivary gland cell populations was studied in vitro using primary explant cultures. Growth on glass of the submandibular, sublingual and parotid salivary glands was optimal if the initial explant diameter was less than 0.4 mm and culture was in 199 medium plus 20 per cent newborn-calf serum. Growth was measured by planimetry of the area of cellular outgrowth as a monolayer with continuous cell contacts. Duct epithelial cells identified using ultrastructural, histochemical and immunological criteria, produced evidence of altered morphology by in-vitro conditions. Preservation of enzymic and antigenic markers of ductal epithelial cell origin in vitro irrespective of gross cell morphology allowed quantification of these cells in a mixed cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Normal values of [99mTc]pertechnetate uptake and excretion fraction by major salivary glands.

The assessment of the functional status of the salivary glands has been used in the scintigraphic evaluation of xerostomia. Several quantitative methods derived from standard dynamic scintigraphy have been suggested. However, the indices proposed are quite variable and unlikely to be useful in clinical practice. The objectives of this study were to obtain reference values of major salivary glands uptake and excretion fraction in healthy subjects and to obtain normal ratios of Tc-pertechnetate uptake by the major salivary glands in comparison to the thyroid gland uptake. The standardization of these values has the purpose of making this evaluation faster and more objective. Fifty volunteers without clinical evidence of xerostomia or thyroid disease underwent static salivary glands scintigraphy with Tc-pertechnetate. Static images were obtained at 20 minutes and then at 3 minutes after oral stimulation with lemon juice. Percent uptake, excretion fraction and salivary gland to thyroid ratio rates were calculated for the parotid and the submandibular glands. The mean of the uptake values at 20 minutes for the right and left parotid glands were respectively 0.31% and 0.26%, and for the submandibular glands 0.15%. The excretion fraction of the tracer after the lemon juice stimulation was 70% for the parotids glands, 50% for the right and 49% for the left submandibular glands. The mean+/-SD salivary gland to thyroid count ratio was 0.79+/-0.45 for the right parotid, 0.78+/-0.5 for the left parotid, 0.67+/-0.33 and 0.66+/-0.34 for the right and left submandibular glands, respectively. Salivary glands scintigraphy with uptake and excretion fraction calculation is an easy to perform, non-invasive and objective method to investigate salivary glands function. These findings help the nuclear physician to interpret salivary gland scintigraphy more objectively, even in patients with thyroid gland dysfunction in whom Tc-pertechnetate thyroid uptake may be abnormal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Malignant lymphomas involving the salivary glands.

Malignant lymphomas involving the salivary glands are probably more common than has been previously recognized. They must be differentiated from the benign lymphoepithelial lesion, although there may be an association between the two. The entire histologic spectrum of malignant lymphomas found at other sites can be seen in the salivary gland. In this study of 59 patients with lymphoma affecting the salivary gland, a large percentage were found to have disseminated disease. We recommend the same rigorous clinical evaluation and staging procedures as used in patients who present with primary lymph node involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Integrin expression in developing human salivary glands.

The development and complete differentiation of salivary glands is a complex process that involves a large number of co-ordinated events. Little is known about the molecular basis for salivary gland development. However, we have reported previously that integrins appear to play a role. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors consisting of one alpha and one beta subunit that play a pivotal role in the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix. Such interactions regulate the organisation of cells of tissues and organs during development as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Using immunohistochemistry and Western and Northern blot analysis, we mapped the localisation and expression of integrins beta1, beta3 and beta4 in human salivary glands obtained from foetuses ranging from weeks 4-24 of gestation and compared it with adult salivary glands. Integrin beta1 first appeared during the canalisation stage and during the differentiation stage. A message first appeared at week 6 of development. The expression of beta4 integrin protein and message was observed only in the late stage of differentiation. Integrin beta3 was not detected in the developing glands; however, integrins beta1, beta3 and beta4 were all expressed in adult salivary gland tissues. The data suggest that integrins, particularly beta1, have a role to play in salivary gland development and differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Orifices at the lower neck: heterotopic salivary glands.

Heterotopic islands of salivary-gland tissue are rare and have been described in a number of sites in the head and neck. We describe a patient with salivary-gland fistulas in the lower third of the neck, without evidence of any other congenital abnormalities. The appearance of sinuses in association with heterotopic salivary-gland tissue suggests that its embryologic origin may be from the branchial clefts. Surgical treatment is recommended.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Influence of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) on biotransformation and lipid peroxidation in salivary glands and liver from male rats.

Salivary glands proved to be active in biotransformation. In microsomes of rat salivary glands 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) and 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylation (PEROD) were detectable, but with much lower activities than in the liver. Beside the well-known induction of EROD or PEROD in the liver by beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) or phenobarbital (PB), respectively, a marked rise in EROD rate of salivary glands was observed after BNF treatment. Administration of 2-AAF caused an increase in EROD rates in liver microsomes, but a decrease in microsomes of salivary glands. This decrease in EROD rate was accompanied by selective cytotoxic damages in the convoluted granulated tubules of the submandibular glands. No cytotoxic damage occurred in the submandibular glands after a combined administration of the inducer BNF and 2-AAF. This indicates relations between these toxic effects of 2-AAF and changes of 2-AAF-metabolism in BNF-induced rats, maybe in the liver and/or in the submandibular glands themselves.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1977

Salivary gland involvement in systemic diseases.

The salivary glands participate in systemic illnesses because they are secretory structures allied with the gastrointestinal tract. Thus they are involved in systemic inflammatory, allergic, and neoplastic conditions. Perhaps the most common condition is that of mumps in the acute phase. Of the chronic diseases, Mikulicz's disease or Sjögren's syndrome is most frequently noted. In most instances of systemic involvement, the salivary gland enlargement is the rule, with the gland being tense, soft, and enlarged, and with progressive growth over a period of time. Usually all glands are involved. The diagnosis should be suspected from the history and the physical examination, noting that all the glands are equally involved by the enlargement. If there is any question, a biopsy should be performed. In the case of Sjögren's syndrome, the biopsy specimen may be taken either from a major salivary gland or from one of the minor ones, or the nasal mucous membrane or oral cavity. In general, definitive therapy is unsuccessful for the systemic illness involving the salivary glands, and in most instances has to be supportive.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

The presence of microcalculi in normal human submandibular and parotid salivary glands.

A search for microcalculi in 10 submandibular and 10 parotid glands obtained from autopsies revealed them in 8 submandibular glands in all decades from the third to the seventh, and in one parotid gland in the fourth decade. They were found in serous acinar cells, striated ductal cells, lumina and interstitium. They may form in autophagosomes in parenchymal cells and usually pass into lumina to be expelled in the saliva.

Adult↗