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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Studies on lymph humoral factor. Evidence for a lymphocytopoietic factor in rat thoracic duct lymph.

Normal rats were injected with the partially purified material extracted from the thoracic duct lymph which was collected from normal syngeneic rats. The cellular changes in the peripheral lymphoid tissues and thymus were examined cytologically and histologically. The intravenous injection of the lymph extract into normal syngeneic rats resulted in increase in weight of lymphoid tissues. Histologically, a massive proliferation of large pyroninophilic lymphoid cells and an increase in mitotic index was detected predominantly in the thymus-dependent areas and thymic cortex. In spleens from rats injected with lymph extract, the marginal zone bridging channel was shown as one route for the translocation or mobilization of newly borne lymphoid cells to the venous circulation. Similar lymphocytopoietic activity, but to a lesser extent than lymph extract, was also detected in lymph plasma, serum and serum extract. The lymph extract was shown to be non-immunogenic in syngeneic rats. It is suggested that the effects of the lymph extract on lymphoid cell proliferation are due to the presence of a lymphocytopoietic factor in body fluid, particularly in the lymph.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Improvement of cadaveric renal allograft survival by thoracic duct drainage: relation with T-lymphocyte subset modifications assessed by flow-cytometry.

Thoracic duct drainage (TDD) with reinfusion of cell-free lymph was performed in 118 prospective recipients within four months before transplantation. TDD was unsuccessful in 27 patients (A); it yielded 1-19 X 10(9) lymphocytes in 25 cases (B) and 20-185 X -10(9) in 66 cases (C). The incidence of acute rejection episodes and the requirement for early post-transplant dialysis were lower in C than in A. Six patients were studied for T-lymphocyte subsets, using monoclonal antibodies from OKT series and a monomorphic and HLA-DR (BL2) raised in our laboratory. During TDD peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) counts decreased and the percentage of BL2 cells increased. Simultaneously, typical small PBL were replaced by large less differentiated cells slightly labelled by OKT3, some of them bearing both OKT4 and OKT8 markers. The larger the depletion, the earlier the emergence of immature T-cells. In lymph fluid, lymphocyte counts decreased later than in blood, the proportion of T8+ cells lacking Fc receptors increased with time. Changes in B patients were less than in C. These results support the hypothesis that T-cell subset modifications represent the main immunological change accounting for better allograft prognosis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2001

Thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation for traumatic chylothorax.

Traumatic chylothorax requires surgical intervention when conservative medical management fails to reduce chyle leakage. This usually entails thoracotomy or laparotomy. We report a case in which successful ligation of a torn thoracic duct was achieved using a video-assisted thoracoscopic technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after thoracic duct ligation and leakage.

A case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was induced through immunosuppression following thoracic duct ligation. The patient initially presented with an esophageal adenocarcinoma, which was totally resected. She is human immunodeficiency virus-negative and not undergoing immunosuppressive treatment.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1976

Scanning electron microscopy of cells in the lymph of the human thoracic duct in advanced malignancies.

At scanning electron microscopy of cells from the lymph of the thoracic duct, collected by cannulation of patients with malignant tumours of different types, lymphocytes and red blood cells were found, but few malignant cells. The latter came from patients with pulmonary carcinoma and mammary carcinoma with lung metastases. Various abnormal shapes of the red blood cells were observed, possibly due to extrinsic factors such as administered drugs of abnormal metabolites from the malignant disease. The lymphocytes had no consistent pathologic shape, but appeared to act as immunologic, active cells against the malignant cells in the thoracic lymph.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Thoracic duct injury from blunt trauma.

We have reported a case of traumatic chylothorax occurring as a rare complication of fracture dislocation of the dorsal spine. When conservative management by drainage, low-fat diet, and parenteral alimentation proved unsuccessful, thoracic duct ligation effected a cure.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Contribution of the liver to thoracic duct lymph flow in a motionless subject.

To ascertain the contribution of the liver to thoracic duct lymph (TDL) flow in a resting subject, afferent hepatic blood flow was temporarily interrupted in dogs by placing an atraumatic clamp across the hepatoduodenal ligament containing the hepatic artery, portal vein and 80% of hepatic lymphatic drainage. To circumvent extrahepatic splanchnic venous sequestration, a side-to-side portacaval shunt (S-S-PCS) was constructed prior to interrupting blood flow. Portal venous pressure, cervical TDL flow, and total protein content were serially monitored. TDL and total protein after S-S-PCS was comparable to that recorded in dogs without celiotomy (0.60 +/- 0.17 ml/min and 3.4 +/- 0.5g/dl, respectively). Interruption of hepatic blood flow was associated with a fall in TDL flow (0.38 +/- 0.8ml; p less than 0.001) and protein content (2.8 +/- 0.7g/dl; p less than 0.01) and TDL/plasma protein ratio (0.58 +/- 0.7 to 0.48 +/- 0.05; p less than 0.01). These data suggest that in the absence of supplemental fluid administration or other exogenous stimulation, hepatic lymph contributes one-third of resting TDL flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Accessory cell function of thoracic duct nonlymphoid cells, dendritic cells, and splenic adherent cells in the Brown-Norway rat.

Thoracic duct lymph of lymphadenectomized Brown-Norway (BN) rats is highly enriched for nonlymphoid cells (NLC) which share several characteristics with splenic dendritic cells (DC), e.g., the binding of monoclonal antibody OX2. The accessory cell activity of NLC was analyzed by comparing these cells with DC and splenic adherent cells (SAC). In concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T-cell proliferation NLC, like DC, were very effective accessory cells at low cell numbers, as a consequence of an efficient induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 responsiveness. Responses in the presence of SAC were poor, even after the addition of excess IL-2. A fourfold enhancement of accessory cell activity of SAC was achieved by the depletion of FcR-positive cells, which were responsible for suppression of the Con A response. Low responsiveness of BN rats with respect to Lewis rats can in part be explained by a higher suppressive activity of macrophages in the BN rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of antigen uptake by peritoneal macrophages and veiled cells from the thoracic duct using isotope-, FITC-, or gold-labelled antigen.

Veiled cells (VC), isolated from the thoracic duct of irradiated lymphadenectomized mice (MLNX) or peritoneal macrophages (PM phi were incubated with isotope-labelled hen egg lysozyme (HEL), purified protein derivative (PPD) or keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) in vitro. About 2-10 times less antigen was associated with VC than with PM phi when measured in a Philips well-type scintillation counter. Autoradiographs of these cells indicated that 3-10% veiled cells had silver grains associated with them in contrast to 20-95% of the PM phi, depending on the type of antigen studied. It was also shown, from the distribution curves for grains in individual cells, that VC contained smaller numbers of grains than PM phi. Transmission electron microscopy using KLH conjugated with colloidal gold and immunofluorescence microscopy using KLH-FITC confirmed the results obtained from autoradiographs. However, measurements of the uptake of KLH-FITC by individual VC and PM phi using flow cytometry indicated that antigen was associated with nearly all VC in vitro but in much smaller amounts than with PM phi. Both VC and PM phi were capable of presenting HEL to primed T lymphocytes in vitro. These results are discussed in relation to the function of VC as accessory cells compared with PM phi.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Iatrogenic lesion of the thoracic duct in the neck. Presentation of a case].

Authors report a case of iatrogenic lesion of thoracic duct of the neck occurred during clearing the left latero-cervical zone for thyroid cancer. After reporting the relative unusuality of this complication, authors underline that in the literature there are always more frequent reports about lymphatic lesions in every district of the body due to more aggressive treatments. Although this case has been treated with a relatively simple operation (finding and binding the duct), treatment of these lesions is not always so simple and therefore knowledge of metabolic problems of these disorders, as well as the selection of the surgical strategy, should be always carefully evaluated for recovery of this disease.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1973

Lysosomes in rat thoracic duct lymphocytes fractionated by zonal centrifugation.

A method of zonal centrifugation was developed which separates rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) mainly according to size. The validity of the fractionation method was supported by light microscope observations, Coulter Counter sizing, and in vivo and in vitro labeling of lymphocytes. The distributions of lysosomal acid hydrolases in TDL fractionated by zonal centrifugation are similar to the distribution obtained for the cells. This result indicates that the large lymphocyte is not the sole bearer of either lysosomes or the large amount of soluble cathepsin D found in homogenates of TDL. Both reside mainly in small lymphocytes. This point was clearly established by fractionating homogenates of purified small lymphocytes by means of differential centrifugation and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1972

Lysosomes in rat thoracic duct lymphocytes.

10 acid hydrolases known to be lysosomal in other tissues were detected in rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL). Except for cathepsin D, all these enzymes occurred in lower levels in TDL than in rat spleen. Fractionation by means of differential centrifugation revealed two types of distribution patterns. Most of the total cathepsin D activity appeared in a high-speed supernatant (S), whereas the other acid hydrolases associated mainly with a high-speed pellet (P). Further studies by isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient showed that all the enzymes, including a small portion of cathepsin D, sedimented around a modal density of 1.18. In contrast, most cathepsin D activity was recovered in a soluble, unsedimentable form. These results suggest the presence of two populations of lysosomes. Because the possibility could be excluded that other cell types contaminated the lymphocyte preparations, it is concluded that both lysosomal populations arise from TDL.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous thoracic duct cannulation: feasibility study in swine.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of percutaneous catheterization of the thoracic duct (TD) in 15 pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After opacification of the cisterna chyli (CC) with pedal lymphography, the CC is punctured transabdominally with a 21-gauge needle and the TD is catheterized with a 3-F catheter over a guide wire. For retrograde TD catheterization, the guide wire is advanced cephalad to a neck vein, snared, retrieved through the jugular or femoral vein, and used to insert a catheter retrogradely through the lymphovenous junction. The transabdominal wire is removed. RESULTS: Of 15 pigs studied, successful TD catheterization was performed in 13 (antegrade [n = 4], antegrade-retrograde [n = 9]). Two failures were due to CC anomalies. No acute complications were noted. A marker was left in the CC, and TD catheterization was repeated in two pigs, 2 and 5 days later. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transabdominal TD catheterization in the swine is feasible, safe, and repeatable. This technique has potential clinical applications in organ transplantation and management of TD laceration.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Immunosuppressive effect of long-term drainage of thoracic duct on immunological memory in adult thymectomized rats.

Profound reduction of the recirculating lymphocyte pool using thoracic duct drainage (TDD), a method developed by Gowans et al, has been shown to be of limited immunosuppressive value when applied in experimental as well as in clinical settings across major histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC) differences. This limitation is due to the observation that animals, in particular mice, are normally not able to have the drainage last longer than 8 to 10 days. However, using a simple modification of TDD, we have established a long-term TDD method, ie, more than 20 days. Combining this long-term TDD with adult thymectomy, we have examined the life span of naive and memory T cells specific for the minor histocompatibility antigen H-Y in female lewis rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that memory T cells specific for the H-Y antigen do not appear to be recirculating lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lymphocyte migratory pathways in adjuvant disease. II. Distribution of thoracic duct lymph-borne immunoblasts.

Evidence for enhanced extravasation of thoracic duct lymph-borne immuno-blasts within joints of rats during the onset of adjuvant disease was sought by adoptive transfer of cells radiolabeled with (125I)-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. Migratory behavior of cells from normal or adjuvant disease donors, during both inductive and overt stages of the disease process, was contrasted in normal and adjuvant disease recipients. The results provided no evidence to indicate enhanced joint-seeking properties of lymph-borne immuno-blasts obtained from adjuvant disease donors, either during the period preceding overt joint involvement or during the phase of chronic inflammation. The ability of lymph-borne cells to passively transfer the disease thus appears more likely due to systemic actions of these cells, mediators produced by them, or concomitantly passaged antigen upon patterns of inflammatory cell mobilization and/or vascular endothelial cell activation.

Animals↗