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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The art of the trichloroacetic acid chemical peel.

Despite escalating interest in laser resurfacing techniques, chemical peel procedures remain an integral part of the armamentarium for resurfacing aging, sun-damaged, and diseased skin. Like other chemicals, the advantage of the technique of tricholoracetic (TCA) acid application is that the degree and depth of penetration within the skin can be controlled accurately according to specific requirements. This article reviews the preoperative evaluation of skin and the techniques for preconditioning, intraoperative peel, and postoperative management of TCA-treated skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Immunogenicity and toxicity of soluble trichloroacetic acid precipitate from pertussis microbes and its fractions].

The authors studied the biological properties of the preparations of pertussis protective antigens obtained by the disintegration of the microbial mass of Bordetella pertussis, with the subsequent purification with trichloracetic acid (TCA-preparations). TCA-preparations proved to possess a stable protective activity and by the ratio of the protective dose to toxic and histamine-sensitizing doses considerably exceeded the corpuscular vaccine. A TCA-preparation fraction with a greater immunogenic activity than the initial preparation was obtained by chromatography on sepharose 4B.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Trichloroacetic acid and other non-phenol peels.

Medium peels are an excellent modality for treating actinically damaged skin. Because they create wounds that extend only down into the upper dermis, they have less risk of complications than deeper phenol peels. Conversely, because of their more superficial nature, they also are not as effective as phenol peels in improving deep scars and wrinkles. Cosmetic surgeons should consider medium-depth peels a useful addition to their current armamentarium against aging skin, rather than a replacement for phenol peels.

Chemexfoliation↗
PubMed2006

Sample sonication after trichloroacetic acid precipitation increases protein recovery from cultured hippocampal neurons, and improves resolution and reproducibility in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Protein precipitation with TCA followed by acetone washing is frequently used to clean samples before 2-DE. However, the difficulty in solubilizing TCA-precipitated proteins causes some variability in 2-D gels and makes it difficult to detect some proteins. In this work we show that sonication of the samples, after TCA precipitation followed by elution in sample buffer, increases total protein recovery, and improves reproducibility and matching ratios between gels when analyzed by specialized software.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Excretion of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in urine of workers exposed to trichloroethylene].

The excretion pattern of TCA in urine of workers exposed to trichloroethylene and the correlation between concentration of TCA in urine and uptake amount of trichloroethylene were investigated by applying Head Space Gas Chromatography. We examined 33 unexposed subjects (control group) and 48 workers (exposure group). The results showed that the concentration of TCA in urine rose obviously after exposure to trichloroethylene. The concentration of TCA in urine and trichloroethylene exposure was positively correlated (X = 2.916Y + 4.619, r = 0.956 8). Based on the observation of 6 volunteers, we found that the concentration of TCA in urine reached its peak about 48 hours after exposure has ceased. It then slowly declined and did not recover completely up to 96 hours.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular effects of topical 50% trichloroacetic acid and Baker's phenol solution.

Phenol and trichloracetic acid (TCA) are used for cosmetic face peeling. Deaths associated with phenol have been ascribed to the cardiotoxicity. Our purpose has been to study and compare the cardiovascular responses to these two agents in a rat model. Fifteen rats underwent abdominal epilation. Two to six days later a surface area comparable to the human face (16 cm2) was delineated on the abdomen. Baker's phenol or 50% TCA was applied to this area. Cardiac rate and rhythm and arterial pressure were monitored. Once stable, the same agent was applied to the entire abdomen for further study. TCA has been shown to be a safer agent than phenol in this rat model. Assuming that this model simulates the human response, monitoring would appear to be indicated during full-face Baker's phenol peeling.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A reevaluation of the effect of occlusion on the trichloroacetic acid peel.

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have demonstrated reduced wounding with trichloracetic acid (TCA) peels after tape occlusion. It is therefore reasonable to question whether or not other types of occlusion may have similar effects, particularly those used in routine postoperative care. OBJECTIVE: To reevaluate the effect of occlusion after TCA peels in multiple human models using various forms of dressings, at various times postoperatively, and to make recommendations regarding wound care that will not adversely affect the efficacy of the peel. METHODS: Equal-sized sections of anterior alopecic scalps of four patients were peeled with 50% TCA, occluded with bacitracin, Vigilon, or Tegaderm at various times postoperatively, and biopsied 1 day later. Depths of necrosis were measured and compared with nonoccluded controls. RESULTS: Bacitracin ointment and Vigilon did not lessen TCA wounding, and sometimes actually enhanced it. Conversely, Tegaderm lessened the degree of the TCA wound. Timing of application played a role in the case of occlusion with Vigilon. CONCLUSION: Occlusives used in conjunction with TCA peels do not have a uniform effect on depth of necrosis. Ointments and Vigilon can be used without reducing the efficacy of the TCA peel. Multiple subjects and rigid control of variables are necessary in studies of TCA-induced necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

31P NMR examination of phosphorus metabolites in the aqueous, acidic, and organic extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds.

31P NMR spectroscopy was used to compare the phosphorus compound content in aqueous, acidic, and organic extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Two chloroform-methanol and three ethanol extractions were used to isolate phospholipids from dry cotyledons and the phospholipid profiles were compared. Variations in phospholipid composition and artificially high concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine were observed in the ethanol extracts. Other phosphorus compounds were extracted using perchloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid in ether, hydrochloric acid, boiling water, and aqueous Hepes. The Hepes extraction was introduced in order to compare the results of a gentle procedure with those involving heat and acid treatments. Low concentrations of phospho-sugars and other phosphorus metabolites were found in all these extracts. High concentrations of phytate were found in all aqueous and acidic extractions; however, 31P NMR spectra of aqueous extractions did not show the phytate resonance. The NMR silence of the phytate resonances is attributed to complexation of phytate. The 31P NMR spectra of aqueous extracts contained a broad resonance at 0.1 ppm assigned to protein-bound RNA. Various extraction procedures on the same biological material are presented, and the comparison of these methods will facilitate future analysis and interpretation of literature reports involving these methods of tissue analysis.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed2006

Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic behaviour of dimeric and tetrameric gadolinium carboxylates with trichloroacetic acid.

The novel gadolinium(III) containing compounds (CH3NH3)2[Gd2(CCl3COO)6(H2O)6](CCl3COO)2.2CCl3COOH (1) and (NH3CH3)2[Gd4(OH)4(CCl3COO)10(H2O)6].2H2O (2) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. In the crystal structure of 1 the gadolinium ions are bridged by carboxylate groups to dimers with a Gd3+ -Gd3+ distance of 420.2(3) pm. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1. In the crystal structure of the Gd3+ ions are bridged by hydroxide ions and carboxylate groups to tetramers with Gd3+ -Gd3+ distances between 380.3(1) and 388.0(1) pm. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1. The magnetic behaviour of these two compounds as well as of Gd2(CCl3COO)6(bipy)2(H2O)2.4bipy (3) (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) was investigated in the temperature range 1.77-300 K. The magnetic data for these compounds indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene and detoxification metabolites using Xenopus.

Potential mechanisms of trichloroethylene-induced developmental toxicity were evaluated using FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay--Xenopus). Early Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to trichloroethylene for 96 h in two separate definitive concentration-response assays with and without an exogenous metabolic activation system (MAS) and inhibited MAS. The MAS was treated with either carbon monoxide or cyclohexene oxide to modulate mixed-function oxidase (MFO) or epoxide hydrolase activity, respectively. Trichloroethylene metabolites: dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, and oxalic acid were also evaluated in two separate definitive, static renewal tests. Addition of the MAS decreased the 96 h LC50 and EC50 (malformation) of trichloroethylene 1.8-fold and 3.8-fold, respectively. Addition of the carbon monoxide inhibited MAS decreased the developmental toxicity of activated trichloroethylene to levels approximating that of the parent compound. Cyclohexene oxide-inhibited MAS substantially increased the developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene. In addition, each of the metabolites tested were significantly less developmental toxic than the parent compound, trichloroethylene. Results indicate that a highly embryotoxic epoxide intermediate, trichloroethylene oxide, formed as the results of MFO mediated metabolism may play a significant role in the developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The direct effect of hepatic peroxisome proliferators on rat Leydig cell function in vitro.

A review of the literature indicates that some compounds which produce hepatic peroxisome proliferation in rats also appear to produce Leydig cell adenomas, and some also affect the serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol. Previous studies with the peroxisome proliferator ammonium perfluorooctanoate showed a direct effect on Leydig cells to alter steroidogenesis. It was therefore proposed that peroxisome proliferators in general may directly affect Leydig cell function to produce Leydig cell tumors by some undetermined mechanism. The present study investigated whether the following peroxisome proliferators directly affect Leydig cell function in vitro: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, ammonium perfluorooctanoate, acetylsalicylic acid, clofibric acid, ciprofibrate, gemfibrozil, tiadenol, tibric acid, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethylene, and Wyeth 14,643. Leydig cells, isolated from adult Crl:CDBR rats (12-16 weeks old), were treated with peroxisome proliferator for 21 hr and the medium was assayed for estradiol. The function of the treated Leydig cell was evaluated by measuring the release of testosterone in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In general, the peroxisome proliferators reduced the hCG-stimulated release of testosterone and either reduced or had no effect on the baseline release of testosterone. Of the 11 peroxisome proliferators, 8 increased the release of estradiol from Leydig cells treated for 1 day. Two more compounds were found to increase estradiol production when the treatment period was extended to 2 days. These effects were seen at noncytotoxic doses and at concentrations similar to those achieved in rat serum in dietary studies. The results suggest that peroxisome proliferators, as a class of compounds, directly modify the steroidogenic function of Leydig cells in vitro. Some of these compounds are known to produce Leydig cell tumors in rats, but this association has yet to be established for other peroxisome proliferators. This suggests that compounds which directly affect Leydig cell function in vitro may also induce Leydig cell tumors in vivo. Further investigations are necessary to address the mechanism for the in vitro effects on Leydig cells and to clarify the apparent relationship between peroxisome proliferator-induced changes in Leydig cell function and the development of Leydig cell tumors.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗