PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Tooth Root”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The effect of an air-powder abrasive system on in vitro root surfaces.

An air-powder abrasive system, the Prophy-Jet model C-100, is now available for use by the dental community. However, its use has been restricted to cleaning enamel surfaces of stain and dental plaque. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the effects of this air-powder abrasive system on root surfaces of extracted human teeth. Thus, root surfaces of 20 teeth were covered with a template consisting of a metal band with a centrally located 2-mm diameter hole. The banded root surfaces, under controlled conditions, were exposed to the air-powder abrasive for 30 seconds. The resulting defects were measured by using a light microscope equipped with a graduated focus knob. Three teeth were randomly selected for examination by scanning electron microscopy and one was selected for histologic evaluation by light microscopy. Untreated extracted teeth were used as controls. In addition, one untreated tooth root was exposed to the air-powder abrasive without use of the template. In this instance, a brush stroke was used for approximately 1 minute, as might be done in a clinical situation. This tooth root was also examined by scanning electron microscopy. The Prophy-Jet air-powder abrasive system removed an average of 636.6 micrometers of root structure in 30 seconds of exposure time. The resulting surface was smooth, free of connective tissue fibers and debris, and all cementum was removed. Few open dentin tubules were observed since most appeared to have been obliterated. The powder crystals, as viewed by scanning electron microscopy, were sharp-pointed, somewhat elongated and of varying lengths. The Prophy-Jet air-powder abrasive system appears to have considerable potential for treatment of periodontally diseased root surfaces. However, its use should be tempered by the results of this and future research and sound clinical judgment.

Air↗
PubMed1995

Models for the study of cementogenesis.

Cementum is a mineralized tissue that acts to connect the periodontal ligament to the tooth root surface. Its composition is very much like bone, being comprised mainly of type I collagen, inorganic mineral and noncollagenous proteins, however the origin of the cells and factors necessary for cementum formation have yet to be elucidated. Our laboratory has focused on the role that adhesion molecules, and their cell surface receptors, play in the formation of cementum and tooth root. In order to study this, we used a mouse molar as a model system. This system enabled us to study the formation of four distinct mineralized tissues; bone, cementum, dentin and enamel at various stages of their development. For these studies, we initiated experiments to examine potential cementoblast progenitor cells, in vitro. As a first step, we show that dental papilla and dental follicle cells, n vitro, obtained from molar tissues at day 21 of development, induce mineralized nodules, in vitro. In addition, we obtained tissues from mice where defects in root development may exist and determined bone sialoprotein (BSP) protein expression, a mineralized tissue specific adhesion molecule, in such tissues. As discussed here, we found that osteopetrotic (op/op) mice have delayed and/or defective root development and BSP does not localize in the dental tissues, at day 33 of development. In addition, dentin formation was defective and odontoblasts appeared immature, based on morphological examination. In contrast, the day 33 control molars demonstrated positive staining for BSP localized to root cementum, with normal formation of dentin.

Amelogenesis↗
PubMed1996

The force requirements for tooth movement. Part III: The pressure hypothesis tested.

Many experiments have investigated the force requirements for tooth movement; the diverse results so obtained have lead to controversy and resulted in an incomplete understanding of the true nature of tooth movement. This study analyses the results of two experiments which investigated the relation between the force applied and the rate of tooth movement from the standpoint of the pressures exerted by the tooth root on the surrounding tooth-periodontal membrane complex. The pressure hypothesis suggested by Smith and Storey is tested using the estimated projected area of the teeth moved in the experiments as a means of calculating the estimated pressures resulting from the application of orthodontic forces. The average pressure at which optimal rates of tooth movement occurred in these experiments was 197 gf cm-2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The annual frequency of root fillings, tooth extractions and pulp-related procedures in Danish adults during 1977-2003.

AIM: To investigate a hypothesized long-time decrease of endodontic treatment in a population with low caries prevalence. METHODOLOGY: A Danish nationwide database including almost all dental diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic procedures performed in Danish adults was available. Data on the annual frequencies of root fillings, extractions, pulpotomies, direct pulp cappings and stepwise excavations between 1977 and 2003 were analysed. Data on pulpal and periapical diagnoses were not available and on patients age and gender only from 1996. RESULTS: Between 1977 and 2003 the annual number of root filled canals increased from 268,223 to 364,867 (36%). The annual number of root filled teeth increased from 160,119 to 191,803 (20%). During the period, the annually registered patients increased by 16%. Calculated per 1000 patients, the number of root fillings showed a statistically significant increase of 17%. In root filled teeth the canal/tooth ratio increased from 1.67 to 1.96. Root fillings were frequently recorded in all age groups with the bulk of treatments performed on patients between 40 and 60 years of age. At a total population level, the rate of root fillings decreased among younger individuals and increased among older. The annual number of tooth extractions was more than halved from 656,624 in 1977 to 346,490 in 2003. Pulpotomies decreased markedly over the period and less than 10 treatments per 1000 patients were noted for pulp capping as well as stepwise excavation procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The present study failed to show a long-time decrease of endodontic treatment in a population with low caries prevalence. On the contrary, an increase of root filled canals was observed between 1977 and 2003, which was probably due to a reduction of the tooth extraction rate and an increased treatment of multi-rooted teeth.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prepubertal periodontitis: a report of 2 cases.

PURPOSE: Prepubertal periodontitis is a term suggested for a form of periodontitis that starts soon after the eruption of primary teeth. There is increased awareness that the disease entity known as "periodontitis" is in all probability a family of related but reasonably discrete diseases. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical, radiographic, and laboratory findings in 2 patients, as well as treatment of prepubertal periodontitis. METHODS: This study presents 2 cases of generalized prepubertal periodontitis: a 5-year-old girl and a 13-year-old girl. RESULTS: Case 1 presented to the clinic because of parental concern for the early exfoliation of her teeth. All of her teeth with Grade III mobility, ie, 8.5, were extracted and the rest were scaled and root planed with subgingival irrigation of 0.2% chlorhexidine. She received a program of 3-month maintenance scaling and 6 months later, there was no further progression of periodontal lesions. Case 2 demonstrated the destruction of tooth roots along with extensive loss of tooth roots and alveolar bone. Since all the permanent teeth were Grade II mobile, the patient was advised to have total extraction with replacement of teeth by complete denture prosthesis at a later date. CONCLUSIONS: In case 2 premature root resorption was occurring concurrently with unexplained extensive alveolar bone loss. In Case 1, the elimination of the pathogenic microflora during primary dentition by early extraction of the teeth involved, plus daily local, mechanical and chemical control of the irritant factors may have prevented subsequent damage to remaining teeth in prepubertal periodontitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Unsplinted crowns on implants in the subantral augmented region: an evolution.

Excluding the wisdom teeth, the average human being is supplied by nature with a total of 42 tooth roots (24 in the maxilla and 18 in the mandible). After the loss of any tooth root, bone resorbs at that site due to the lack of endosseous stress. With this article, the author supports the idea of a new concept: keeping the individual alveolar bone site alive with endosteal root-form implants by imitating the natural dentition as closely as possible--even in the subantral region.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of the implantation position of mini-screws for orthodontic treatment in the maxillary molar area by a micro CT.

The interalveolar septum between the upper first molar and the second premolar of the separated human maxillary bone was three-dimensionally observed by micro CT to evaluate the appropriate mini-screw type implant placement position by considering the relationship between the tooth roots and the maxillary sinus. After taking micro CTs of 5 human maxillary bones, horizontally sectioned images of the interalveolar septum area 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm deep from the crest of the alveolar ridge were reconstructed by three-dimensional reconstruction software. The bucco-lingual and mesio-distal lengths and area in each sectioned interalveolar septum were measured using digital image measurement software. Using the results, the interalveolar septum area between the upper first molar and the second premolar approximately 6-8 mm deep from the alveolar crest in the tooth root apical direction was determined to be the safest position for mini-screw implantation. Furthermore, lateral implantation from the palatal side was deduced to be the safest approach.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1984

The pulpal response to topically applied citric acid.

Citric acid is currently being used to aid in the reattachment of periodontal tissues to tooth roots which have become separated as a result of periodontitis. The present study examines the effect of topically applied citric acid on the dental pulp. Citric acid, pH 1, was applied for 3 minutes on instrumented premolar teeth in six dogs. As a control, saline solution was applied on similarly instrumented premolars. The teeth were removed 1, 6, 24, 48, 72, and 144 hours after citric acid application. After histologic preparation, the pulps were examined for inflammatory cell infiltrates, odontoblast displacement into the dentinal tubules, hyperemic capillaries in the odontoblast layer, hemorrhage, abscess formation, irregular dentin, and the thickness of the dentin remaining beneath the treated area. There was no statistically significant response to the citric acid over the saline controls. Nor was the pulpal response, as examined above, correlated to the thickness of the remaining dentin. The results suggest that citric acid, pH 1, when applied to tooth roots during surgical reattachment therapy, does not adversely affect the pulp.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Periodontal regeneration in humans using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) and allogenic bone.

BACKGROUND: Purified recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF-BB) is a potent wound healing growth factor and stimulator of the proliferation and recruitment of both periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone cells. The hypothesis tested in this study was that application of rhPDGF-BB incorporated in bone allograft would induce regeneration of a complete new attachment apparatus, including bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum in human interproximal intrabony defects and molar Class II furcation lesions. METHODS: Nine adult patients (15 sites) with advanced periodontitis exhibiting at least one tooth requiring extraction due to an extensive interproximal intrabony and/or molar Class II furcation defect were entered into the study. Eleven defects were randomly selected to receive rhPDGF-BB. Following full-thickness flap reflection and initial debridement, the tooth roots were notched at the apical extent of the calculus, the osseous defects were thoroughly debrided, and the tooth root(s) were planed/prepared. The osseous defects were then filled with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) saturated with one of three concentrations of rhPDGF-BB (0.5 mg/ml, 1.0 mg/ml, or 5.0 mg/ml). Concurrently, four interproximal defects were treated with a well accepted commercially available graft (anorganic bovine bone in collagen, ABB-C) and a bilayer collagen membrane. Radiographs, clinical probing depths, and attachment levels were obtained preoperatively (at baseline) and 9 months later. At 9 months postoperatively, the study tooth and surrounding tissues were removed en bloc. Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed for change from baseline by defect type and PDGF concentration. The histologic specimens were analyzed for the presence of regeneration of a complete new attachment apparatus coronal to the reference notch. RESULTS: The post-surgical wound rapidly healed and was characterized by firm, pink gingivae within 7 to 10 days of surgery. There were no unfavorable tissue reactions or other safety concerns associated with the treatments throughout the course of the study. In rhPDGF/allograft sites, the vertical probing depth (vPD) reduction for interproximal defects was 6.42 +/- 1.69 mm (mean +/- SD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was 6.17 +/- 1.94 mm (both P < 0.01). Radiographic fill was 2.14 +/- 0.85 mm. Sites filled with ABB-C had a PD reduction and CAL gain of 5.75 +/- 0.5 and 5.25 +/- 1.71, respectively. Furcation defects treated with rhPDGF/allograft exhibited a mean horizontal and vertical PD reduction of 3.40 +/- 0.55 mm (P < 0.001) and 4.00 +/- 1.58 mm (P < 0.005), respectively. The CAL gain for furcation defects was 3.2 +/- 2.17 mm (P < 0.030). Histologic evaluation revealed regeneration of a complete periodontal attachment apparatus, including new cementum, PDL, and bone coronal to the root notch in four of the six interproximal defects and all evaluable (four of four) furcation defects treated with PDGF. Two of the four interproximal intrabony defects treated with ABB-C and membrane exhibited regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Use of purified rhPDGF-BB mixed with bone allograft results in robust periodontal regeneration in both Class II furcations and interproximal intrabony defects. This is the first report of periodontal regeneration demonstrated histologically in human Class II furcation defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Oral surgery in general dental practice. The removal of roots.

The removal of fractured teeth and retained tooth roots is described in a systematic fashion, with emphasis being placed on such procedures being carried out in general practice. The discussion is aimed at producing sound treatment planning and sequential action in order to achieve best results for patient and surgeon.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1998

CO2 laser inhibitor of artificial caries-like lesion progression in dental enamel.

Several studies during the last 30 years have demonstrated the potential of laser pre-treatment of enamel or tooth roots to inhibit subsequent acid-induced dissolution or artificial caries-like challenge in the laboratory. The overall objective of ongoing studies in our laboratories is to determine, systematically, the optimum sets of parameters for carbon dioxide laser irradiation that will potentially effectively inhibit dental caries in enamel and tooth roots. The aim of the present study was to examine the roles of wavelength and fluence in the prevention of caries progression in vitro in enamel by means of a pH-cycling model. The hypothesis to be tested was that the highly absorbed 9.3- and 9.6-microm wavelengths would be efficiently converted to heat, creating a temperature sufficiently high to reduce the acid-reactivity of the mineral and inhibit caries-like lesion progression in dental enamel. One hundred and sixty caries-free tooth crowns were cleaned and varnished with acid-resistant varnish, leaving one exposed window of enamel. Twelve groups of 10 enamel samples were irradiated in their individual windows by one of the four wavelengths (9.3, 9.6, 10.3, or 10.6 microm) of a tunable CO2 laser. Energy per pulse was 25, 50, 100, 200, or 250 mJ (25 pulses). Repetition rate was 10 Hz, and beam diameter was 1.6 mm. Fluence conditions of 1 to 12.5 J/cm2 per pulse were produced. All teeth, including 40 non-irradiated controls, were subjected to pH-cycling to produce artificial caries-like lesions. Results were assessed by cross-sectional microhardness testing. Inhibition of caries progression of from 40% to 85% was achieved over the range of laser conditions tested. At 9.3 and 9.6 microm, 25 pulses at absorbed fluences of 1 to 3 J/cm2 produced inhibition on the order of 70% with minimal subsurface temperature elevation (< 1 degree C at 2 mm depth), comparable with inhibition produced in this model with daily fluoride dentifrice treatments. Safety and efficacy studies will be required in animals and humans before these promising laboratory results can be applied in clinical practice.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lingual approach for surgical extraction of the mandibular canine tooth in dogs and cats.

A lingual approach for surgical extraction of the mandibular canine tooth was developed based on anatomic observations of tissues and structures of the rostral mandible and lingual orientation of the mandibular canine tooth root. Measurements of the lingual and buccal aspects of the alveolus indicated similar quantities of bone required for alveolectomy to expose the tooth root. The surgical procedure was performed in 12 dogs and four cats with no complications reported during the follow-up period.

Alveolectomy↗
PubMed2006

Application of a vibration measuring technique to evaluate the dynamic stiffness of porcine periodontal ligament.

The performance of a tooth replacement by using a dental implant relies on the mechanical and biological capability of the anatomical substitute to restore lost physiological functions. The design of an implant device able to properly replace the physiological tooth requires the study of the load transfer mechanism at the implant-bone interface and the understanding of the relevance of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in this mechanism. The PDL is a connective soft tissue that provides the fixation of the tooth in its bone-socket and the attenuation of occlusal loads. It also provides the ground cells that are involved in the remodelling process, induced by a change in the stress-strain pattern of the alveolar bone and also in the cementum of the tooth root. The purpose of this study was to determine the PDL effects on the dynamic load transfer mechanism, from the tooth to the alveolar bone, evaluating the equivalent dynamic stiffness of the ligament structure. A porcine fresh mandible with a tooth was used within the study, applying an experimental procedure to identify the dynamic transmissibility of the entire system. The transmissibility function provided information about the stiffness and damping of the PDL, information that can assist the design of an improved dental implant system.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2002

Cementoblastoma: an innocuous neoplasm? A clinicopathologic study of 44 cases and review of the literature with special emphasis on recurrence.

The clinicopathologic features of 44 cases of cementoblastoma were analyzed and compared with those of 74 cases from the literature with special emphasis on the clinical behavior, treatment, and recurrence rate of these relatively rare benign odontogenic neoplasms. The cases in the current series were accessioned at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. Patient ages at diagnosis ranged from 8 years to 44 years, with a mean age of 20.7 years. The tumors affected 30 males and 14 females. The mandible was the site of occurrence in 31 cases (70.4%), with the mandibular first molar the most common tooth involved. Radiographically, more than 90% of the tumors presented as well-defined radiopaque or mixed-density masses confluent with the tooth root(s) and surrounded by a radiolucent rim. Two lesions were radiolucent. Microscopically, cementoblastomas share similar features with osteoblastomas but are unique because of their physical attachment to the tooth root(s). Follow-up was obtained in 35 of 44 cases, with a mean follow-up interval of 5.5 years. Recurrence was documented in 13 cases (37.1%), in contrast to the literature, where only 2 of 34 cases (5.9%) with adequate follow-up recurred. Jaw expansion and perforation of the cortex were noted in a higher percentage of recurrent than nonrecurrent tumors. Because recurrence and continued growth are possible if lesional tissue remains after initial surgery, appropriate treatment should consist of removal of the lesion along with the affected tooth or teeth, followed by thorough curettage or peripheral ostectomy.

Adolescent↗