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Results for “Tooth Wear”

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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Evaluation of dental erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The cause of dental erosion may be difficult to establish because of its many presentations. Determination of the cause is an important aspect of diagnosis before extensive prosthodontic rehabilitation. PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between loss of tooth structure as a result of dental erosion and gastroesophageal reflux disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive adult dentate subjects referred to the Division of Gastroenterology for investigation of gastroesophageal tract disease were also evaluated for signs of dental erosion. All subjects underwent a dental evaluation that included a patient history to determine potential etiologic factors responsible for dental erosion. Subjects were examined clinically to quantify loss of tooth structure using a Tooth Wear Index (TWI). Endoscopic examination and 24-hour pH manometry were carried out to determine which subjects met the criteria for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Scores for maxillary versus mandibular dentition and anterior versus posterior dentition were also compared. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (P =.004). RESULTS: Ten subjects were diagnosed with GERD and 10 subjects had manometry scores below the level indicating GERD. Overall, subjects diagnosed with GERD had significantly higher TWI scores compared with control subjects (mean difference = 0.6554; P =.004). GERD subjects had higher TWI scores in all quadrants, except in the mandibular anterior region where there was no difference. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that a relationship exists between loss of tooth structure, as measured by the TWI index, and the occurrence of GERD in this group of subjects.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Fluorosis in black-tailed deer.

Marked dental disfigurement and abnormal tooth wear patterns were observed in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) taken from an area near an industrial fluoride source in northwestern Washington. Fluoride levels in the bones of these deer were from 10 to 35 times higher than levels in the bones of normal animals. These levels are similar to those associated with fluorosis of cattle.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Bruxism and its effect on the natural teeth.

Bruxism is one of the most prevalent, complex, and destructive dental functional disorders. It is difficult to identify, especially in its early stages, because most patients are unaware of the habit. Although many factors contribute to the etiology of the disorder, there is little valid and reliable clinical research to assure a correct diagnosis. The effects of bruxism are multiple and diverse and include temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction, head and neck pain, tooth wear, mobility, erosion, abrasion, loss of and damage to supporting structures, muscle pain and spasm, disturbance of esthetics, and interference and oral comfort. Treatment may be simple or complex, depending on the nature of the disorder. More severe disorders are difficult to treat, and the prognosis may be questionable. Because the diagnosis and treatment of bruxism is inadequately defined and poorly understood, carefully designed clinical research projects are encouraged.

Bruxism↗

PubMed1996

A study of the association between gastro-oesophageal reflux and palatal dental erosion.

Thirty-six patients aged 15-74 with palatal dental erosion where the aetiology was unclear were investigated for gastro-oesophageal reflux. Ten subjects without symptoms of reflux or palatal erosion acted as controls. Distal and proximal oesophageal reflux were measured over 24 hours by dual channel antimony electrodes. Oral pH was measured simultaneously over the same period by a radio-telemetry capsule held palatally in a vacuum formed splint. Data were logged onto two portable digitable recorders. Twenty-three patients (64%) with palatal erosion had pathological gastro-oesophageal reflux compared with standard criteria. More than 4% of the total percentage time that the pH is less than 4 in the distal oesophagus is internationally recognised by gastroenterologists as representing a pathological level of reflux. The median percentage time < pH 4 in the distal oesophagus for these patients was 5.7%, in the proximal oesophagus, pH 4 was 0.5% and pH < 5 was 3.1%. In the mouth, the results for the percentage time that the pH < 5.5 was 0.3% and < 6 was 4.4%. A relationship was observed between the pH < 4 in the distal oesophagus and the mouth pH < 5.5 (r = 0.47, P = 0.002) and pH < 6 (r = 0.34, p = 0.02). There was a relationship between oral acid exposure time pH < 6 and the tooth wear index (r = 0.37, P = 0.01). These results show that gastro-oesophageal reflux is strongly associated with palatal erosion and that some patients presenting with palatal dental erosion should be assessed for gastro-oesophageal reflux as a possible cause, even in the absence of clinical symptoms of reflux.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Helicoidal plane of dental occlusion.

A helicoidal plane of postcanine occlusion has been patchily reported in many recent and fossil dentitions of man, and has been suggested as a taxonomic marker distinguishing between the dentitions of Homo and Australopithecines. The present paper describes the helicoidal plane in 19 out of 23 modern human (probably Indian) worn dentitions, in both gracile and robust Australopithecines and in extant anthropoids. It is suggested that tooth wear converts the plane of occlusion present in little-worn teeth, the Monson curve, into a helicoidal plane when 1) the diet is more abrasive, 2) the enamel is thinner and less abrasion resistant, and 3) a longer time separates the eruption of the three molar teeth in a jaw quadrant. A model demonstrates that during the power stroke of a chewing cycle the working side molars move in much the same direction whether the molar occlusal plan follows a Monson curve or a helicoidal plane. The difference is that in the former case the three molars work at the same time while in the latter case they work in sequence from anterior to posterior, thereby concentrating force on one tooth at a time. Because the occlusal plane changes during the life of individuals consuming an abrasive diet, the condition of most anthropoids and hominids, it is argued that the Monson curve has functional significance not because of its influence on occlusal relations and/or jaw movement but because the molar teeth are embedded in bone roughly perpendicular to it, a direction which resists tilting of the teeth during mastication. It is concluded that the helicoidal plane probably has little if any value as a taxonomic marker.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Comparison of internal derangements of the TMJ with occlusal findings.

Two hundred five patients were examined because of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. Arthrograms were performed on 222 joints (188 unilateral and 17 bilateral). No significant differences were found between arthrographic groups with respect to Angle classification, horizontal and vertical overlap, posterior tooth wear, missing posterior teeth, cuspid-protected occlusion, balancing-side contacts, deflective occlusion, and clenching of the teeth. Tilted teeth on the contralateral side were more common in cases of reducing meniscal dislocation than in cases of normal meniscus position or of nonreducing meniscal dislocation.

Arthrography↗

PubMed2000

Different effects of nocturnal parafunction on the masticatory system: the Weak Link Theory.

It is proposed that damage to the masticatory system from intense parafunction can be assessed more accurately by the Weak Link Theory. The theory predicts that the more intense and the more prolonged the forces, the more the tendency of damage to either. 1. the periodontal tissue; 2. the teeth; or 3. the orofacial structures. To test the theory, 22 subjects were selected based on reports of nocturnal bruxism. Each was assessed for masticatory system breakdown on the Russell Periodontal Index, the Helkimo Dysfunction Index, and a Tooth Wear Index. A Bruxcore (Forgione, A. 1974 J Dent Res 53:127) was used to obtain an objective score of bruxism. Five of eleven subjects with mild bruxism scored high on only one index. Significantly more subjects (ten of eleven) with moderate to severe bruxism scored high on one index only.

Female↗

PubMed2006

Dentine hypersensitivity.

Dentine hypersensitivity is a common oral complaint, affecting the teeth of many individuals. The aetiology is multifactorial; however, over recent years the role of erosion has become more and more important. For dentine hypersensitivity to occur, the lesion must first be localised on the tooth surface and then initiated to exposed dentine tubules which are patent to the pulp. The short, sharp pain symptoms are thought to be derived from the hydrodynamic theory of pain. This episodic pain condition is likely to become a more frequent dental complaint in the future due to the increase in longevity of the dentition and the rise in tooth wear. However, conclusive evidence of successful treatment regimens still eludes us despite a multitude of products available for treatment. In explanation, pain studies are notoriously difficult to conduct due to the subjective nature of pain and the complexity of pain assessment. The basic principles of treatment are altering fluid flow in the dentinal tubules with tubule occlusion or modifying or blocking pulpal nerve response, chemically with agents like potassium or physically.

Dental Materials↗

PubMed1996

Dental erosion. Definition, classification and links.

An overview of tooth wear, i.e. of non-carious destructive processes affecting the teeth including abrasion, demastication, attrition, abfraction, resorption and erosion is presented. The nomenclature and classification of dental erosion commonly used in the dental literature are summarized. They are based on etiology (extrinsic, intrinsic, idiopathic), on clinical severity (Classes I to III), on pathogenetic activity (manifest, latent) or on localization (perimolysis). Interactions between erosion and abrasion, demastication, attrition, and abfraction as well as caries and low salivary flow rate are highlighted.

Acids↗

PubMed1983

Playing 'possum: a microwear experiment.

A recent experiment to evaluate the reliability of dental microwear as an indicator of diet seems to show that differences in diets fed to laboratory animals are not reflected by their tooth wear. We feel that these results are misleading, and reflect not so much the limits of microwear analysis per se, but rather result from the problems of design and execution inherent in any experimental simulation of natural feeding behavior. The experiment in question was flawed in several respects, and we think that changes in the methods and assumptions of the study are necessary before the experimental approach can yield meaningful results with which to test hypotheses about microwear analyses.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Occlusal disease revisited: Part II.

In part I of this article, the evolution of bruxism from childhood was discussed. Further, the different types of anterior tooth wear were reviewed. Specifically, the type of wear noted in bruxed-braced or cross-over position was pointed out. Examples were illustrated to allow the practitioner to recognize the type of parafunction in advance of treatment. This article will continue the discussion of cross over with moderate to extreme examples. Suggestions for treatment are discussed depending on the severity of the problem. Restorative failure and the implications for implant dentistry are noted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Brushing abrasion of eroded dentin after application of sodium fluoride solutions.

The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of sodium fluoride solutions on brushing abrasion of eroded dentin. Dentin specimens were prepared from 60 bovine incisors. The specimens were embedded in acrylic resin, ground flat, polished and subsequently covered with tape exposing an area of 1.8 mm x 10.0 mm in the center of the exposed dentin. The samples were alternatingly stored in a demineralizing solution (5 min) and a remineralizing solution (1 min) for 5 times. The erosive soft drink Sprite light(R) served as a demineralizing solution and artificial saliva was used as a remineralizing solution. Prior to storage in artificial saliva 15 specimens were each treated for 1 min with 250 and 2,000 ppm fluoride solution, respectively. Fifteen specimens were treated with distilled water instead of the fluoride solution (= eroded controls). The remaining samples were neither eroded with the soft drink nor fluoridated (= uneroded controls). After each immersion in artificial saliva the specimens were submitted to abrasion in a toothbrushing machine. After 5 demineralization-remineralization brushing cycles the total amount of tooth wear due to erosion and subsequent abrasion was profilometrically evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed the significantly lowest wear in the uneroded controls and the highest amount of abrasion in the eroded controls. Application of the fluoride solutions increased the wear resistance of the eroded dentin specimens, showing significantly better protection by the high-concentration compared to the low-concentration solution. The susceptibility to abrasion of the eroded dentin specimens treated with the high-concentration fluoride solution did not differ significantly from the uneroded dentin samples. It is concluded that application of 2,000 ppm sodium fluoride solutions immediately before toothbrushing significantly reduces abrasion of eroded dentin in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

A clinical minimum data set for primary dental care.

OBJECTIVE: To achieve consensus within primary dental care on the contents of a clinical minimum data set to measure oral health status. DESIGN: Using the Delphi process a simple random sample of 30 LDCs and 10 CDS services in England were asked to rank a list of existing clinical indicators in order of their perceived importance as a means of measuring oral health. A nominated panel representing the stakeholder organisations of primary dental care reviewed this ranking and identified a core group of clinical indicators to be included in a clinical minimum data set. RESULTS: An 80 percent response rate to the Delphi process was achieved. Consensus was reached on a core group of 10 indicators, which can provide information on patient's perceptions of pain, function and appearance, and professional measurements of caries, teeth present, periodontal disease, oral sepsis, presence of mucosal pathology and tooth wear. CONCLUSIONS: A representative sample of primary care dentists in England and the key representative organisations of primary dental care achieved consensus on the contents of a clinical minimum data set to record oral health status in primary dental care. This is a first step in standardising the measurement of oral health status across primary care.

Community Dentistry↗

PubMed2006

Prevalence, incidence and distribution of erosion.

There is some evidence that the presence of erosion is growing steadily. Because of different scoring systems, samples and examiners, it is difficult to compare and judge the outcome of the studies. Preschool children aged between 2 and 5 years showed erosion on deciduous teeth in 6-50% of the subjects. Young schoolchildren (aged 5-9) already had erosive lesions on permanent teeth in 14% of the cases. In the adolescent group (aged between 9 and 17) 11-100% of the young people examined showed signs of erosion. Incidence data (= increase of subjects with erosion) evaluated in three of these studies were 12% over 2 years, 18% over 5 years and 27% over 1.5 years. In adults (aged between 18 and 88), prevalence data ranged between 4 and 82%. Incidence data are scarce; only one study was found and this showed an incidence of 5% for the younger and 18% for the older examined group (= increase of tooth surfaces with erosion). Prevalence data indicated that males had somewhat more erosive tooth wear than females. The distribution of erosion showed a predominance of occlusal surfaces (especially mandibular first molars), followed by facial surfaces (anterior maxillary teeth). Oral erosion was frequently found on maxillary incisors and canines. Overall, prevalence data are not homogeneous. Nevertheless, there is already a trend for more pronounced rate of erosion in younger age groups. Therefore, it is important to detect at-risk patients early to initiate adequate preventive measures.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The dental status of cerebral palsied children.

The prevalence of dental disease, the types and quality of dental care, and the provision of services were assessed for 150 cerebral palsied children (mean age 10.25 years) attending special schools in Leeds and compared with a matched control group of 191 children (mean age 10.39 years). Similar dental caries experience existed in the two groups, but study children had more extracted and unrestored teeth, and fewer and poorer quality restorations than control children. Oral hygiene and gingival health were worse in the study group, which also exhibited delayed eruption and higher levels of tooth wear. Significantly greater overjet (5.1 mm compared with 2.5 mm) and less crowding occurred in the study group than in the control group. All parents had favorable attitudes toward dentistry and were satisfied with their children's dental care. More study children received treatment from the community dental service, while the general dental services were used more commonly by the control group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Periodontitis and angular alveolar lesions: a critical distinction.

Modern anthropologic and epidemiologic studies reveal that the incidence of periodontitis is low in both ancient and modern populations. The distribution of plaque and gingivitis has little or no correlation with the distribution of pathologic alveolar bone loss or with periodontitis. The assumption that a distance from cementoenamel junction to alveolar crest (CEJ-AC distance) greater than 2 mm equates with disease overlooks the interrelationship between the CEJ-AC distance and continuous eruption in compensation for tooth wear and growth of the lower face height. Anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic factors increasing CEJ-AC distances are reviewed. Where horizontal periodontitis does result from gingivitis, it is usually of minimal significance and probably occurs when the host defenses have been diminished by environmental factors commonly associated with other chronic diseases. A pulpal-alveolar explanation for localized angular alveolar lesions better fits the clinical features of this form of periodontal bone loss than does the conventional hypothesis of primary periodontal infection by specific oral bacteria.

Bone Resorption↗

PubMed1988

Nocturnal bruxism and temporomandibular disorders.

This chapter has discussed the important aspects of nocturnal bruxism and its relation to disorders of the masticatory system and headaches. Bruxism is believed to be a stress-related sleep disorder, occurring in both men and women, in children, and in adults. In most patients, bruxism results only in minor tooth wear; however, it can become extremely severe with damage occurring in essentially every part of the masticatory apparatus. Nocturnal bruxism should not be overlooked as an etiologic factor in muscular headaches. Short-term acute therapy may involve physical therapy, nocturnal electromyographic biofeedback, and medication to relieve anxiety and improve sleep. Long-term management usually includes some form of stress reduction, change in lifestyle, and an occlusal splint or nightguard to protect the teeth and masticatory system.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Some aspects of dental health in young adult Indian vegetarians. A pilot study.

The effect of a vegetarian diet on oral health status could be manifold, but reports have so far mainly appeared from within Western populations. This study reports the oral health status of southeast Indian vegetarians, obtained by means of a questionnaire, clinical examination, and study cast evaluations. The material comprised 30 vegetarians and 25 sex- and age-matched non-vegetarian controls. Comparison between the samples included dietary and oral hygiene habits, health-related variables, caries prevalence, and dentoalveolar characteristics. The questionnaire showed significantly less consumption of between-meal sweets and more widespread use of a soft toothbrush by the vegetarians. The vegetarians had a significantly higher degree of tooth wear than the non-vegetarians, but no difference in the degree of wear between women and men in either group was found. The vegetarians had a significantly higher tendency towards crowding in the maxillary arch, numerically higher DMFT, and greater number of cervical buccal defects than the controls. The results of this study suggest that the Indian vegetarian diet may produce certain effects on the oral health, associations that need to be studied further.

Adolescent↗