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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Association between vision and hearing impairments and their combined effects on quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: To assess associations between age-related vision and hearing impairments and whether combined sensory losses magnify effects on health-related quality of life. METHODS: Seventy-five percent of survivors (n = 2334) were reexamined at Blue Mountains Eye Study 5-year examinations and 86.3% (2015) attended hearing assessments. Visual impairment was defined as visual acuity less than 20/40 (better eye), and hearing impairment as average pure-tone air conduction threshold greater than 25 dB (500-4000 Hz, better ear). RESULTS: Persons with visual impairment, compared with those without visual impairment, had lower mean audiometric thresholds across all frequencies (P< or =.05). For each 1-line (5-letter) reduction in best-corrected visual acuity and presenting visual acuity, hearing loss prevalence increased by 18% and 13%, respectively. Cataract and age-related maculopathy were also associated with hearing loss (respectively, multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 1.3 and 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.7 and 1.1-3.1). The association between age-related maculopathy and hearing loss was stronger at younger ages (<70 years). Combined impairments were associated with poorer health-related quality of life than were single impairments (multivariate-adjusted 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey mean physical and mental component scores; Ptrend = .001 and <.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Older persons with visual impairment were also more likely to have hearing loss in this study, which suggests that these sensory impairments could share common risk factors or biologic aging markers. Combined sensory impairments also cumulatively affect health-related quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Visually evoked response. Use in neurologic evaluation of posttraumatic subjective visual complaints.

Evaluation of subjective visual complaints unassociated with objective signs is a frequent problem in neurologic and ophthalmic practice. The visually evoked response (VER) is an important tool for separating the functional from the organic in patients claiming visual disturbance. In visual complaints associated with late posttraumatic epileptic activity, the VER can demonstrate an abnormality even in asymptomatic intervals. In complaints due to concussion, it demonstrates disorganized evoked responses initially and later a return of the normal resonse. It shows an abnormality in the occipital lobes during and after transient compression of the vertebral artery. A normal VER excludes all but trivial involvement of the visual system, symptomatic claims of the patient notwithstanding.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Visual resolution in a patient exhibiting a visual fatigue or saturation-like effect: probable multiple sclerosis.

A rapid visual resolution test conducted on available equipment reveals the presence of rapid falloff in acuity in a case of probable multiple sclerosis. Intense large field illumination was used, and grating acuity was tested using laser red light. The effect is so large that minor anomalies (not subjectively appreciated) or the residuum of earlier minor attacks of retrobulbar optic neuritis can be readily detected. A related "visual fatigue or saturation-like syndrome" was described earlier. In bright environments these patients' vision fades. Briefly closing the eyes restores visual sensitivity. Providing filters or lowering the light level tends to maintain vision. This test must be studied intensively. It offers a noninvasive simple means of showing underlying anomalies in neural conduction of the visual signal. Such anomalies can be prognostic and previously have been revealed only with sophisticated electrophysiological techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vision threshold profiles in sector retinitis pigmentosa.

Absolute vision thresholds were measured along the horizontal and vertical meridians in four patients from one pedigree and one patient from a second pedigree with dominantly inherited sector retinitis pigmentosa. From these studies we find that (1) visual function is decreased for all parts of the retina, including the fovea, (2) rod and cone systems are affected to the same degree, and (3) the disease progression is confined to the inferior portion of the retina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Needs for precise measures of acuity. Equipment to meet these needs.

The equipment described provides precise, reliable measures of acuity from normal to the lowest measurable and meets all recommendations of the NAS-NRC Working Group 39 of the Committee on Vision. Special features of the equipment are as follows: (1) It is a valuable component of a complete clinical eye examination. (2) Because it measures very low acuities, it is excellent for use in low-vision clinics. (3) It meets the demanding requirements of collaborative research studies in which acuity is the primary measure of the effects of therapy. These studies involve tests at repeated intervals under conditions that can be duplicated in a number of examining centers. The adoption of one standard method of measuring acuity for these diverse needs would aid in establishing a sound, generally understood foundation for this basic measure of visual function.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Functional analysis of vision in patients after retinal detachment repair.

A number of tests of vision were performed in patients after surgical repair of retinal detachment. The major tests performed were Snellen visual acuity, interferometric acuity, Stiles-Crawford function, and increment-threshold analysis. In two patients it was possible to evaluate all functions preoperatively. Althrough the sample it modest (ten eyes in nine patients), trends in visual recovery are identified and discussed.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1980

Chloramphenicol optic neuropathy.

Three patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas initially were seen because of optic neuropathy caused by a toxic reaction to chloramphenicol. The ocular symptoms were characterized by loss of visual acuity, central scotomas, red-green dyschromatopsia, and fundus changes. An increase in the latency of the occipital evoked potentials paralleled the visual impairment. A transient photopic decline in the red-light-elicited electroretinogram and the occurrence of Uhthoff's sign in the acute stage of the disease were observed. All visual impairment recovered partially or totally after the withdrawal of therapy with the drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Functional ability profiles for driver licensing. Exemplification by visual profile.

The impaired driver is evaluated for driver licensing according to a functional ability profile. This test correlates, in increments, the physical or medical ability of the driver with the risk categories and the vehicles the driver is permitted to operate. The person is responsible for his fitness to drive. The physician may help in patient evaluation by participation in a medical advisory board or in public education. Guidelines for 11 areas of potential driving impairments were developed in the state of Utah. These principles are illustrated with visual standards.

Automobile Driver Examination↗
PubMed1984

Visual results after microsurgical removal of meningiomas involving the anterior visual system.

Visual results were evaluated in 20 patients after microsurgical removal of intracranial meningiomas that had produced visual loss from damage to the anterior visual system. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and several months to years after surgery. Visual acuity either improved or remained normal in 68.75% (22/32) of eyes examined and worsened in 25% (8/32) of eyes examined. Visual field changes generally paralleled visual acuity changes. Visual results were most closely related to duration of visual symptoms and not to either tumor size or preoperative visual findings.

Adult↗