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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Incorporating vaccine-preventable disease surveillance into the National Health Information Network: leveraging children's hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: Development of national biosurveillance systems to advance regional and national data exchange among sites of clinical care and public health authorities is a top federal priority, creating the opportunity to develop a unified national network for tracking and responding to cases of vaccine-preventable diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the current practice and feasibility of developing a nationwide network of children's hospitals to conduct surveillance for vaccine preventable diseases. METHODS: In 2004-2005, Web-based surveys were sent to 506 key hospital personnel from 119 pediatric hospitals, identified by the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions. Surveys measured attitudes toward public health initiatives, willingness to join a surveillance network of children's hospitals, knowledge of mandated reporting requirements, methods of disease detection and reporting, and data sources available for surveillance. RESULTS: A total of 395 (78%) respondents from 119 hospitals completed the survey. Surveillance at pediatric hospitals is largely passive and driven by unreimbursed efforts of infection control staff. It is vulnerable to missing cases that occur in the outpatient setting and are diagnosed clinically without laboratory confirmation or are never diagnosed by clinicians. Nearly 90% of hospital leaders are interested in participating in public health programs, and most are interested in a national network to conduct active surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases, dependent on the provision of sufficient funding. Pediatric hospitals store records relevant to surveillance in an electronic fashion accessible to query, but <20% of these hospitals use automated methods to report cases of disease. CONCLUSIONS: There is both the will and capability to create a robust active pediatric hospital-based reporting system for vaccine preventable diseases. This effort would dovetail well with the national priority to bolster surveillance, as well as with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Welfare of competition horses.

In the large majority of cases and circumstances, horses benefit from their association with man. However, abuse of horses can occur, due to neglect or through the pressures of competition. The welfare of all animals, including competition horses, has become increasingly topical over the past ten years. Equestrian sport is coming under closer public scrutiny due to reports of apparent abuse. The bodies responsible for regulating these sports strenuously endeavour to protect the welfare of horses which compete under their rules and regulations. The Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI: International Equestrian Federation) is the sole authority for all international events in dressage, show-jumping, three-day event, driving, endurance riding and vaulting. The FEI rules illustrate the ways in which the welfare of competing horses is safeguarded.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2005

North American pretransfusion testing practices, 2001-2004: results from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program survey data, 2001-2004.

CONTEXT: Pretransfusion testing of whole blood and red blood cell recipients is regulated by the federal government under the authority of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988. Regulated tests include determination of ABO group, Rh D type, antibody detection, antibody identification, and crossmatching. A wide variety of methods and reagents are available for these regulated tests. During 2001-2004, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Interlaboratory Comparison Program (Proficiency Testing) J-Survey collected data from more than 4000 laboratories regarding their pretransfusion testing practices. Those data are presented in this report. OBJECTIVE: To assess current testing practices for ABO grouping, Rh D typing, antibody detection, and crossmatching in North America. DESIGN: Data collected for the CAP Interlaboratory Comparison Program (Proficiency Testing) J-Survey were analyzed for trends in laboratory testing practice during 2001- 2004. The data were grouped for analysis by peer group (testing method used) for ABO grouping, Rh D typing, antibody detection, and crossmatching and then analyzed. SETTING, PATIENTS, OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Subscribers to the CAP Interlaboratory Comparison Program Transfusion Medicine J-Series. RESULTS: The most common testing schemes used in North America during 2001-2004 are as follows: ABO grouping (most laboratories perform tube testing: 97.6% in 2000 and 91.1% in 2004); Rh D typing (most laboratories perform tube testing: 97.7% in 2001 and 91.1% in 2004); antibody detection (most laboratories perform tube testing: 69.7% in 2001 and 55% in 2004, most frequently with the low ionic strength solution anti-human globulin [AHG] method, 48.3% in 2001 and 39.9% in 2004; as of 2004 slightly more laboratories use the gel AHG method [42%] than the low ionic strength solution AHG tube method); crossmatching for alloimmunized patients (most laboratories perform tube testing using a low ionic strength solution AHG method; 55.8% in 2001 and 47.6% in 2004); and crossmatching for nonalloimmunized patients (tube testing using an immediate spin method; 42% in 2001 and 40.4% in 2004). CONCLUSIONS: Most North American laboratories currently favor tube methods when performing ABO grouping, Rh typing, antibody screening, and crossmatching. However, there has been a significant increase in the use of gel-based methods in recent years, especially for antibody detection and crossmatching. Data collection and data analysis of CAP Interlaboratory Comparison Program Survey results allow for assessment of laboratory proficiency and provide insights into current North American practice trends in pretransfusion compatibility testing.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed2006

Problem doctors: is there a system-level solution?

Physician performance failures are not rare and pose substantial threats to patient welfare and safety. Few hospitals respond to such failures promptly or effectively. Failure to ensure the quality and safety of the performance of colleagues is a breach of medicine's fiduciary responsibility to the public. A major reason for this deficiency is the hospitals' lack of formal systems to monitor physician performance and to identify and correct shortcomings. To develop and implement these systems, hospitals need better performance measures and substantial expansion of external programs for assessment and remediation. This is a task well beyond the capacities of individual hospitals; a national effort is required. The authors call on the Federation of State Medical Boards, the American Board of Medical Specialties, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (organizations that already bear a fiduciary responsibility for ensuring safe, competent care) to collaborate on developing better methods for measuring performance and to expand programs for helping practitioners who are deficient.

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Financing health care services for the elderly.

Medicare is constantly under scrutiny by the federal government, according to author Kathleen Konka. Medicare will play an increasingly important role as the population continues to shift and administrators will need to be alert as the government continues to change Medicare reimbursement.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

America's most wanted ....

Years of lax oversight let providers get sloppy about billing Medicare. Now the feds are paying close attention, and may hospitals are finding themselves faced with federal fraud charges. The authors, Philadelphia-based health lawyers, propose ways to stay on the straight and narrow.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1998

Managed care at the crossroads: can managed care organizations survive government regulation?

Attorneys Brown and Hartung provide a comprehensive overview of the development and structural components of managed health care plans. The article discusses the state regulatory controls affecting managed care including Patient Protection Acts, mandated benefit provisions, any willing provider laws, and consumer access provisions. The article considers liability problems facing managed care organizations, in particular liabilities which arise from utilization and medical review discussions as well as gag clauses and financial incentive arrangements. The authors also review relevant federal regulatory initiatives.

Community Networks↗
PubMed1994

Grant Writing: A Three-Step Process.

Drawing on seminar presentations and interviews with foundation representatives, grant writers, and a federal grant reviewer, the author provides an overview of the grant-writing process from conceptualization to submission.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Surveillance for acute pesticide-related illness during the Medfly eradication program--Florida, 1998.

The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) is an exotic insect that can damage approximately 250 fruit and vegetable plant species and is a serious threat to domestic agriculture. During the spring and summer of 1998, pesticides were used by federal and state agriculture authorities to eradicate Medfly infestations that had been detected in portions of five Florida counties (Table 1). This report summarizes surveillance data, describes probable and possible cases of illness associated with the eradication effort, and provides recommendations for future Medfly-eradication programs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Diabetes in international perspective].

Diabetes mellitus is becoming more widespread, as a result of a growing and ageing world population, and the fact that people with diabetes, particularly type 1, live longer than before. There is also, however, a rising incidence, both of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The reasons for the increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes are unknown, whereas the rising incidence of type 2 is caused by rising urbanisation, particularly in developing countries. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is higher in many developing countries than in the industrialised North. The reasons for this is unknown; genetics may play a role. At present, much interest is given to the theory that early (in uteri) undernutrition with subsequent low birth weight predisposes for later type 2 diabetes and the other diseases of the "metabolic syndrome". Unavailability of insulin is a major problem for people with type 1 diabetes in many developing countries. This is due to the high cost of insulin, general poverty, underdeveloped infrastructure, lack of education and social services. The supply of insulin is often not given priority by the health authorities. The International Diabetes Federation, with 172 member associations in 134 countries, represents people with diabetes and their health care professionals on the international arena, and works to strengthen its member associations.

Developed Countries↗
PubMed2001

Welcome address by Chairman, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong: opening ceremony of the International Hospital Federation Congress--May 2001.

One of the significant features of Hong Kong is its public healthcare system, which provides universal, easily accessible and heavily subsidized medical care for all. The governing policy has been to ensure that no one is denied adequate medical care because of insufficient means through the provision of a comprehensive range of healthcare services funded from the public purse at extremely low fees to users. Over the past decade, the public hospital sector has been able to provide efficient and quality health services comparable to those of the industrialised nations. However, the reality today is that the public hospitals are facing many challenges that must be overcome and ways must be sought to mitigate the growing strains on the healthcare system and rebalance the healthcare economics. The recently published Consultation Document on Healthcare Reform, by Dr E K Yeoh, Secretary for Health & Welfare, proposes the introduction of a comprehensive range of short-term and long-term initiatives to revitalize and transform the healthcare system into a community-focused, patient-centred and knowledge-based integrated healthcare service with improved interface between the public and private sectors.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2001

Pretax allotments for health insurance premiums. Final rule.

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is issuing final regulations dealing with the use of OPM's allotment authority to allow for Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) employee premium payments to be deducted on a pretax basis under section 125 of the Internal Revenue Code. The allotment regulations work in tandem with related FEHB regulations dealing with this premium conversion.

Government Agencies↗
PubMed2004

Russian Federation: Battle not over in drug-law changes.

As reported in the last issue of the Review, in late 2003 the Russian Parliament amended the national drug law to allow for the possibility of less harsh penalties for small-scale drug users. The Parliament left the development of accompanying regulations to the federal drug-control authorities and the Ministry of Health. These two entities were meant to recommend new levels of minimum dosages that would qualify users for criminal penalties if those amounts were found in their possession. Rather than acting in the spirit of the Parliament's amendment, in March 2004 the drug-control authorities circulated a proposal for minimum dosages so tiny that virtually any level of possession would incur a long prison sentence.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed2004

Correctional Service Canada to undertake Safer Tattooing Practices Initiative.

In 1994, the Expert Committee on AIDS and Prisons recommended that tattooing equipment and supplies be authorized for use in federal correctional institutions, and that prisoners who would offer tattooing services to other prisoners be instructed on how to use tattooing equipment safely. Ten years later, Correctional Service Canada (CSC) has finally announced that, as part of a Safer Tattooing Practices Initiative, it will set up safer tattooing pilot projects in six federal prisons in 2004, and evaluate the initiative.

Canada↗
PubMed1979

HMOs: a look back, a look ahead.

It is now eight years since federal legislation recognized HMOs/The author overviews progress in that period, describes present challenges, and looks to the future.

Government↗
PubMed1995

[Non-smoking policy in the hospital: insight into policy-relevant social research].

This article reports on long-term activities of the social research group SALSS which have been supported by the Federal German Health Education Authority. Work started in 1989/90 with a representative survey among hospital managers in West Germany which--soon after reunification--was completed by similar action in East Germany. In both cases, the subjects were regulations and actual situation of non-smokers' protection in hospitals as well as plans for improvement. Based on the data gathered, handy information material and campaign aids were developed for "frontline" activists. Professional support has been given to persons engaged in devising and implementing measures to improve the situation. This includes assisting concerned hospitals in patient and staff surveys (design and data processing) which are meant to detect the weak spots of non-smokers' protection as well as the demands for changes. This contribution contains the findings of patient and staff surveys conducted in four establishments which may be regarded as typical of German hospitals. There is clear evidence that the rate of smokers is higher among staff members than among patients, and that conflicts about smoking are most likely to occur within the group of hospital employees. Especially non-smoking staff members demand that the hospital management shows more commitment to smoking restrictions. The findings support the notion that only a broad, careful step-by-step approach has reasonable chances to reduce smoking and improve non-smokers' protection in hospitals by combining structural measures (better separating smokers from non-smokers) with optimized regulations and health education.

Adult↗