SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “immunomodulation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

[The comparative characteristics of the biological and immunomodulating activities of enzyme preparations of microbial origin].

A number of enzyme preparations of microbial origin such as immunomodulators and immunostimulators have been studied in vitro according to reactions of rosette technique of cell (ROC) active and general, adhesion, activation of a complement and also the spontaneous activity and phagocytosis of neutrophils have been determined. The enzyme preparations of microbial origin have been shown to be capable of causing immunomodulation and of influencing the specific and nonspecific immune response. Unlike the enzymes of animal origin the enzymes of microbial origin are effective in smaller concentrations. The studied preparations modulate the immune response differently according to ROC, adhesion. Each of preparations has specific features of biological activity--bacterio-stationary in reaction to a certain group of microorganisms and some specific features of reaction with cell and levels of immune reactions.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1992

[Secondary post-traumatic immunodeficiency syndrome in patients in the anesthesiology-resuscitation department. Possibilities of immunomodulation therapy].

The most frequent cause of death of patients with multiple injuries are infectious complications developing on the basis of secondary posttraumatic immunodeficiency syndrome. The authors submit their experience with monitoring of some immunological parameters of these patients and with the use of immunomodulation therapy with transfer factor--a leucocyte dialysate (TF, DLE, Immodin Sevac). They discuss problems pertaining to the mode of therapy, amounts and time of immunomodulation treatment in these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Immunomodulation in dystrophic diseases of the joints].

Immunological examinations of 357 patients with mixed arthritis, coxarthrosis and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head have revealed substantial immunopathological deviations requiring immunomodulation and influencing surgical outcomes, with inhibition or dysfunction of T and B cellular reactions, inversion of the regulatory index, remarkable autoimmune component, and bacterial sensitization in a considerable part of the examined. In addition to the conventional immunomodulating agents (levamisole, thymalin, T-activin, sodium nucleinate), it is recommended that hemodes and polyglucin may be used, provided they are chosen individually in vitro. The use of ELISA made it possible to reveal a direct strong correlation between the level of antibodies to glycolipid cartilaginous antigen and arteparon as well as a decrease of the number of antibodies in therapeutic administration of the drug. This suggests the immunological mechanisms of the action of arteparon, namely according to the principle of hapten inhibition.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1992

Immunomodulating activities of Corynebacterium xerosis cell-wall fractions.

Corynebacterium xerosis cell-wall fractions were studied by electron microscopy and analysed for immunomodulating activity. Dramatic splenomegaly occurred following the injection of whole cells or a purified cell-wall fraction (PF), but not with a further purified peptidoglycan (PEP) fraction. Both PF and PEP acted as B-cell mitogens and had adjuvant capabilities comparable to commercial adjuvants. Only the PF fraction enhanced peritoneal natural killer cell (NK) activity, paralleling the splenomegaly response. When spleens from mice injected with PF or PEP were analysed for their abilities to respond to mitogens and for the presence of suppressor cells, reduced mitogenic responses occurred only in PF-injected mice during the peak of splenomegaly. Spleens from both PF- and PEP-injected mice contained suppressor cell activity which peaked 2 weeks post-injection. This activity was primarily directed at B-cell responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). C. xerosis cell-wall fractions thus offer great potential as a new immunomodulator.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1992

Synthetic lipopeptide immunomodulators derived from bacterial lipoprotein: tools for the standardization of in vitro assays.

For the evaluation of immunomodulators by in vitro assays, agents working reproducibly are difficult to obtain; conventional preparations of bacterial immunomodulators tend to vary for different preparations. Here we suggest that synthetic lipopeptide analogues derived from bacterial lipoprotein can be used as standards for various in vitro assays: studying B lymphocyte activation, lipopeptides act as potent mitogens and polyclonal activators inducing immunoglobulin synthesis. In monocytes/macrophages, lipopeptide stimulate the secretion of IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitrogen oxide (NO); they also induce tumor cytotoxicity. Lipopeptides also constitute potent immuno-adjuvants in vitro and in vivo, either in combination with or covalently bound to antigen. These activities are displayed in various species; in mice they are found in LPS non-responder and responder strains. The novel synthetic lipopeptides described here can be synthesized readily in gram amounts with high purity and reproducibility; they are non-toxic and can be stored for a long time even at room temperature. Thus, lipopeptides meet the requirements to serve as effective standards for a multitude of relevant biological assays.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of therapy with cytostatics and immunomodulators on mitotic pathology in Lewis tumor cells in mice].

The effect of cytostatics (methylnitrosourea and methotrexate), immunomodulators (thymalin and reaferon) and their combinations on the mitotic pathology of mice Lewis tumour cells was studied. It was revealed that chemotherapy with these agents changed the interrelation between mitotic phases and somewhat enhanced the incidence of pathologic mitoses mainly connected with the damage of mitotic apparatus. Immunomodulators differently affected the cytostatic activity of antitumour agents that may be associated with their mechanisms of action.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2003

Immunomodulation in established murine tumors: response and survival rate enhancement by blood leukocyte-augmenting substance 236 (Cl-), a novel synthetic compound.

Immunomodulation in cancer has obvious appeal. Available data suggest the central role to be played by the host immune response in cancer outcome. Herein, we report a novel compound, Blood Leukocyte Augmenting Substance 236 (Cl(-)) [BLAS 236 (Cl(-))], which is able to restore and/or strengthen immunocompetence, which is critical in host-resistance to malignancy. The effects of several protocols in which BLAS 236 (Cl(-)) was given as single-agent or combined therapy on established murine tumors were evaluated in terms of long-term tumor-free survivors (>1 year). Treatment significantly improved overall complete response and survival rates and prolonged the life span of mice to beyond that of animals receiving placebo. The most outstanding protocols (denoted B3, B6 and D6, D7), were able to flatten tumor-free survival curves at the 80% and 100% levels, respectively (P < 0.001 for each protocol); these results compare favorably with those reported for other preclinical trials. Immunomodulation by BLAS 236 (Cl(-)) is viewed as a new efficient, safe way of potentiating and maintaining host-resistance to malignancy that holds promise as an adjuvant therapy alternative to current immune approaches for the ultimate cure of cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Non-steroidal topical immunomodulators provide skin-selective, self-limiting treatment in atopic dermatitis.

Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for atopic dermatitis; however, their clinical utility is limited by potential side effects. Recently, the steroid-free topical immunomodulators tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream have become available. These agents provide effective treatment without causing skin atrophy or other steroidal side effects, and their physiochemical properties, such as relatively large molecular size and high lipophilicity, limit diffusion through skin and into the bloodstream, providing skin-selective treatment. Clinical trials with more than 1,700 paediatric and adult patients have demonstrated that treatment with either agent is associated with minimal systemic absorption of tacrolimus or pimecrolimus. Additionally, studies have shown that percutaneous absorption of tacrolimus decreases as treatment continues and clinical improvement occurs. This self-limiting facet of the treatment, together with the skin-selectivity of topical immunomodulators, is reflected in the good safety and tolerability profiles of these agents, which promise to significantly improve the long-term management of atopic dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1992

Osteoblastic and chondroblastic response to a variety of locally administered immunomodulators in mice.

Administration into mouse shank muscles of various immunomodulators which directly or indirectly activate lymphocytes (BCG, Con A, Carrageenan IV, Dextran, PHA-M, PWM, lipopolysaccharides from Corynebacterium) have a dual effect on local bones, stimulating both periosteal bone formation and bone resorption, the former being dominant. These effects vary in frequency and magnitude, the most potent stimulation of periosteal bone formation being observed after administration of Con A and BCG in complete Freund adjuvant. BCG was also a strong inducer of bone resorption in vivo. Concanavalin A and, to a lesser degree, other immunomodulators applied, when administered subcutaneously into the pinna, also have induced perichondrial chondrogenesis. These novel effects of immunodulators could be applied in the field of skeletal tissues regeneration.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2005

[Administration of the immunomodulator gepon after tonsillectomy].

The study included 37 patients with chronic tonsillitis. Before and after tonsillectomy all the patients' humoral and cellular immunities were studied. Local thermometry and physiological test "pharynx" were made. For optimization of early postoperative period, all the tonsillectomized patients were given a domestic immunomodulator with local anti-inflammatory activity gepon. The results of gepon therapy allowed conclusion that local use of immunomodulator gepon early after bilateral tonsillectomy is justified and can be recommended for wide clinical practice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2006

[Infectious risks of immunomodulating therapies in rheumatology].

Corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs form the conventional immunomodulators in rheumatology. This therapeutic arsenal has recently been widened by TNF-alpha antagonists and other anti-cytokines. If rheumatoid arthritis is itself associated with infections, immunomodulating therapies further increase the risk of infection, especially when used in combination therapies. Among conventional therapies, corticosteroids are associated with the highest risk for both common bacterial and opportunistic infections. Infliximab is the TNF-alpha antagonist associated with the highest risk of infection. Its use has been particularly associated with cases of severe tuberculosis. All patients at risk for tuberculosis, treated with corticosteroids or TNF-alpha antagonists, should therefore receive an adequate prophylaxis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed2006

Haptens as drugs: contact allergens are powerful topical immunomodulators.

For the past 40 years, dermatologists have safely used contact sensitizers such as dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), and squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) for the treatment of warts, alopecia areata, and even skin cancers. Most of these studies have utilized these powerful topical immunomodulators in acetone, a volatile solvent that precludes development of contact sensitizers as products. We have overcome these problems and stabilized these topical immunomodulators in a non-volatile, nonirritating GRAS (generally regarded as safe) vehicle. The current review article covers the traditional use of contact sensitizers for a variety of benign and malignant conditions and discusses possible mechanisms in relation to developments in modem molecular immunodermatology.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1990

Biological and clinical effects of the oral immunomodulator 3,6-bis(2-piperidinoethoxy)acridine trihydrochloride in patients with malignancy.

CL 246,738 is a synthetic heterocyclic of the acridine class that has immunomodulating, interferon (IFN)-inducing, and antitumor activity by the oral route in mice. We have completed a phase I ascending dose trial to determine the maximum tolerated oral dose and biologic modifying effects. Twenty-three patients received CL 246,738 orally at five dose levels, escalating from 5 to 50 mg/kg. The major side effects were gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. No hematologic, hepatic, or symptomatic dose-limiting toxicities were encountered. The mean half-life of CL 246,738 in whole blood was at least 300 h and remained relatively constant over the dose range studied. Higher doses resulted in increased whole blood levels. Biologic response modification included stimulation of the IFN-induced proteins, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and beta 2-microglobulin, at higher doses of CL 246,738, and enhanced T-cell proliferation to alloantigens at lower doses. Increases in lymphocytes bearing the Leu-7 phenotypic marker were observed and some patients had enhanced natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity was demonstrated in vitro. Thus, CL 246,738 was orally relatively well tolerated and has immunomodulating properties in humans.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗

PubMed2006

Investigation of strategies with potential for producing a phosphorylcholine-free version of the filarial nematode immunomodulator, ES-62.

Phosphorylcholine (PC) is found attached to N-type glycans of proteins secreted by filarial nematodes, where it appears to act as an immunomodulator. Based on information on the structure and biosynthesis of the PC-glycan of a major secreted protein, ES-62, strategies were designed with potential for preparing PC-free material to better understand the importance of PC in filarial nematode immunomodulation. The strategies involve either enzymatic removal of PC or inhibition of its attachment during ES-62 synthesis. No method tested was found to be 100% effective although approximately 70% removal was obtained by culturing worms in Et18OCH3. Reasons for failure to obtain complete absence of PC moieties are discussed in relation to the structure and synthesis of PC-glycans and in addition PC-glycan biosynthesis is briefly commented on as a target for chemotherapy.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunomodulators of microbial origin enhance cytotoxicity of human mononuclear leukocytes and reduce metastatic progression of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice].

Effect of immunomodulators for microbial origin on innate immunity and antitumor system was continued to study. Immunomodificator Immunovac VP-4, purified staphylococcal toxoid and glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (GMDP) equally enhanced cytotoxicity of mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood of healthy donors. Index of cytotoxicity was 2.78, 2.77 and 2.70 respectively. Reduced metastatic progression of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice was observed after Immunovac VP-4 and GMDP administration. Effectiveness was seen when preparations administered according to schedules including their administration before implantation of the tumor. If preparations were administered number of metastases reduced in 4.4-5.6 times and size of metastases reduced in 7-10 times. Interplay between antitumor activity of studied immunomodulators and cytotoxic activity of NK-cells, which are base effectors of antitumor immune response, are discussed.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗

PubMed1991

[Immunomodulating properties of pectin from seawater grass Zostera].

Immunomodulating activity of zosterin was studied. Zosterin is a pectin from sea grass belonging to Zostera with pronounced antibacterial activity and therapeutic efficacy in experimental infections. It was shown that parenteral administration of the drug 24 hours before the antigenic irritation stimulated the humoral and cellular immunity in F1 (CBA X C 57 BL/6) mice: an increase in the number of the antibody cells in the spleen, the DTH and the index of the splenocyte spontaneous proliferation. In the animals treated with injections of zosterin and infected intraperitoneally with a virulent strain of S. enteritidis there was observed a marked increase in migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the abdominal cavity accompanied by an increase in their phagocytic activity. The results suggested the possible use of zosterin as a drug with associated antibacterial and immunomodulating activities.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1991

[Immunomodulating peptides, regulation of interleukin-2 expression and its possible mechanism].

The influence of some immunomodulation peptides SKD, R and L on the interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis in T-lymphocytes and possibility of their specific interaction with nucleotide sequences of IL-2 gene were studied. It was firstly shown that peptides R and L specifically interacted with regulatory nucleotide sequences of IL-2 gene and, possibly, play a key role in the immunomodulation actions on the IL-2 production.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1991

Immunomodulation with pentoxifylline abrogates macrophage-mediated infertility in an in vivo model: a paradigm for a novel approach to the treatment of endometriosis-associated subfertility.

Although present consensus holds that endometriosis-associated subfertility is the result of an adverse effect of hyperactivated macrophages on early reproductive events, most treatments for endometriosis are directed at the suppression of endometriotic implants. We hypothesized that periovulatory immunomodulation of macrophage activation and inflammatory mediator production might be a more effective approach to this problem. In this experiment, heterologous transfer of activated peritoneal inflammatory cells within a syngeneic strain of mice was used as an in vivo model for the peritoneal inflammatory environment of the endometriosis patient. Intraperitoneal transfer of hyperactivated macrophages, but not basal state macrophages, significantly inhibited fertilization. This activity was reversed by periovulatory pentoxifylline treatment. Immunomodulation of peritoneal inflammatory cell hyperactivation with pentoxifylline may represent a new modality for the treatment of endometriosis-associated subfertility.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗