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PubMed1998

Neurological manifestations of malignant and non-malignant dysglobulinaemias.

The main neurological manifestations associated with malignant and non-malignant dysglobulinaemias are reviewed. These disorders are classified according to topographic features, pathological changes or association with specific plasma cell disorders. The main clinical, laboratory, immunological and pathological features are summarized. Knowledge of the pathogenesis in this group of disorders has clearly increased in recent years, allowing better diagnosis and treatment.

Cryoglobulinemia↗
PubMed2006

Renal angiomyolipoma with malignant transformation, simultaneous occurrence with malignity and other complex clinical situations.

Renal angiomyolipoma is a benign kidney tumor, which is characterized by the presence of mature or immature fat tissue, thick-walled blood vessels, and smooth muscles. However, there is a rare possibility of transformation to a malignancy. This transformation could be toward sarcoma. And also angiomyolipoma could be associated with renal adenocarcinoma in the same kidney. The aim of this study is to show the association of angiomyolipoma with complex clinical situations such as malign transformation, simultaneous occurrence with adenocarcinoma, bilateral tumors with tuberous sclerosis or Wunderlich Syndrome. Findings of clinical presentation, pathological evaluation, urography, ultrasonography, and computerized tomography of 19 patients who were diagnosed angiomyolipoma in our clinic during 1994-2003 were examined retrospectively. Our records indicated that radical nephrectomy was performed in three cases of angiomyolipoma in which the differential diagnosis from adenocarcinoma could not be made and in another case of angiomyolipoma, which was associated with adenocarcinoma. Simple nephrectomy was performed in four symptomatic angiomyolipoma cases with tumor size larger than 4 cm and partial nephrectomy in another case. In one case, renal angiomyolipoma was associated with adenocarcinoma in the same kidney. In one case, post-operative recurrence of angiomyolipoma developed 7 months after nephrectomy. This patient was diagnosed low-grade leiomyosarcoma. Angiomyolipoma is regarded as a benign tumor of the kidney; however, it may also show aggressive behaviors and rarely transform to sarcoma. It may also exist in the same kidney along with adenocarcinoma or sarcoma.

Angiomyolipoma↗
PubMed1983

Malignant lymphoma and erythrophagocytosis simulating malignant histiocytosis.

Six patients with malignant lymphoma are described, in whom a syndrome that mimicked malignant histiocytosis clinically and pathologically developed as a terminal event. The clinical course was characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, fever, and a rapid fall in all hematologic counts. Survival from onset of this syndrome was less than six weeks. Pathologically, activation of benign histiocytes with marked erythrophagocytosis was seen throughout the reticuloendothelial system. Disseminated lymphoma was also evident but was grossly and microscopically segregated from the erythrophagocytic process. Immunologic and cytochemical studies in two cases indicated the lymphomas to be of peripheral T cell origin, whereas the phagocytic cells had markers characteristic of histiocytes. A likely mechanism for this syndrome is the production of lymphokines (macrophage-activating factors) by neoplastic T lymphocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Plasma and tissue levels of some lanthanide elements in malignant and non-malignant human tissues.

Lanthanum (La) levels in plasma, in erythrocyte hemolysate and in tissue from healthy subjects and patients with laryngeal carcinoma were determined by neutron activation analysis. Plasma lanthanum levels were significantly higher in laryngeal carcinomas than in either healthy controls or in subjects suffering from localized inflammation (e.g. epicondylitis of the elbow) (p less than 0.001). The mean La concentration in malignant tissue samples was 57.5 +/- 7.2 ng g-1; the corresponding level in normal adjacent tissue from the same organ was 94.6 +/- 12.0 ng g-1. This 61% decrease in the concentration of La in malignant tissues was highly significant (p less than 0.001). In patients with laryngeal carcinoma we did not observe any detectable level of lanthanum in erythrocyte hemolysate; the mean La erythrocyte hemolysate level in healthy controls and in patients suffering from localized inflammatory condition was 14.3 and 33.2 ng ml-1, respectively. Further studies are in progress to evaluate whether or not this element can serve as a marker for diagnosis or prognosis in cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (malignant schwannoma) of urinary bladder in von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis.

Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis occurs in 1 in 3,000 live births; however, urologic manifestations are rare. There have been over 40 reported cases of neurofibroma of the bladder. Malignant degeneration of subcutaneous neurofibroma occurs in about 5 to 10 percent of patients. We believe we present the second reported case of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor involving the bladder in a patient with this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) in advanced malignant melanoma: a phase II trial of the EORTC Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group.

Thirty-nine patients with measurable advanced malignant melanoma were entered in a phase II trial with PALA. Among the 36 evaluable patients there were 18 men and 18 women, with a median age of 53 yr (29-73) and a median performance status (Karnofsky) of 100 (50-100). Indicator lesion consisted essentially of soft tissue lesions (29 patients) and/or lung metastases (9 patients). Only three patients had received prior chemotherapy. PALA was given as a 60-min i.v. infusion at a daily dose of 2.5 g/m2 for two consecutive days. Courses were repeated every two weeks. A median number of 3 courses (2-8) were administered. Partial response (greater than 50%) was obtained in 4 patients for 6-17 weeks. Eight patients had stable disease after 3 courses of PALA and 24 had progressive disease. Toxic effects were generally mild to moderate and mainly included cutaneous toxicity, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, and diarrhea. Myelosuppression was rare and negligible. It is concluded that PALA given at the dose schedule selected for this trial is fairly well tolerated and has borderline antitumor activity in good-risk patients with advanced malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The role of concurrent determinations of pleural fluid and tissue carcinoembryonic antigen in the distinction of malignant mesothelioma from metastatic pleural malignancies.

A combined determination of pleural fluid and tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (PF-CEA and T-CEA) by radioimmunoassay and immunoperoxidase staining technique respectively was performed in patients with malignant mesotheliomas (12), metastatic pleural carcinomas (17) and benign pleural diseases (seven). All PF-CEA-positive (greater than 39 ng/ml) cases were T-CEA-positive metastatic carcinomas. In contrast, 4/30 PF-CEA-negative (less than 39 ng/ml) cases were T-CEA-positive metastatic carcinomas (three cases) and idiopathic pleuritis (one case). These results suggest that CEA, though present in the tumour, is not always released in measurable amounts in effusions. Hence T-CEA content should be determined in the PF-CEA-negative cases when an early and definite diagnosis of tumour type is required to enable correct management of these patients. These ancillary tests aim at enhancing the level of confidence of the routine morphological diagnosis of serous surface malignancies in living patients using minimal intervention instead of resorting to open chest surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of glycoproteins released from benign and malignant human breast: changes in size and fucosylation with malignancy.

Radiolabelled glycoproteins released into media from benign and malignant human breast tissue after 48 h organ culture have been analysed using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Major differences were identified between benign and malignant tissues: (i) a considerably higher incidence of glycoproteins in the molecular weight range 210-280 kDa detected from carcinomas than benign samples, with incidence being greater in poorly differentiated tumours; (ii) fucosylation of these glycoproteins released from carcinomas but not benign breast; (iii) heterogeneity, particularly of fucosylation, between the carcinomas but consistency amongst benign breast. A glycoprotein of MW 230 kDa was of particular interest since it was not detected from any benign samples but was present in 11 of 17 carcinomas, when it was almost always fucosylated. This could prove to be a useful tumour marker.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1995

Unexpected borderline malignant and malignant smooth muscle cell tumors of the uterine corpus in women treated with LH-RH analogues.

In this report, two cases of uterine smooth muscle cell tumors, one of uncertain malignant potential and one clearly malignant, are described in women treated for prolonged periods with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogues. Due to lengthy monitoring of LH-RH therapy, surgical intervention and histologic classification of these tumors was late in the course of disease, resulting in a delay in definite treatment. The risk to these women is discussed. The effects of LH-RH analogue therapy on fibroids is reviewed. Suggestions are put forward for monitoring LH-RH analogue therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Fibronectin concentrations in pleural effusions of patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases.

We have determined the amount of fibronectin in pleural fluids and plasma of 131 patients suffering from pleurisy of malignant and non-malignant etiology. We observed a significantly higher concentration of fibronectin in pleural fluids of a few patients with mesothelioma as compared with that found in pleural fluids of patients with pleurisies of different etiology. In these patients the pleural fluid fibronectin concentration was higher than that measured in plasma, suggesting local synthesis of fibronectin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity and specificity of MRI in detecting malignant spinal cord compression and in distinguishing malignant from benign compression fractures of vertebrae.

The accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection of metastatic compression of the spinal cord and the cauda equina (MCCE) in 75 patients with known primary malignancy outside the central nervous system is determined retrospectively by comparing the MR results with findings of myelography, surgery, clinical follow-up and autopsy. The sensitivity is 93%, the specificity 97% and the overall accuracy 95%. The signal intensity measured in the sagittal MR images of a collapsed vertebral body is divided by that of an average of three adjacent normal vertebrae to form a signal intensity ratio (SIR). The SIRs of 41 metastatic and 15 post-traumatic collapsed vertebrae are calculated. A ratio of 0.8 has the most differentiating power. All benign and one malignant compressed vertebrae have SIRs greater than 0.8.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed2006

Sun exposure related methylation in malignant and non-malignant skin lesions.

We investigated the aberrant promoter methylation status of 12 genes in skin lesions, both malignant (basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), n=68 and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), n=35) and non-malignant (tags, n=58) skin lesions and compared the results of lesions from sun exposed (SE) and sun protected (SP) regions. Methylation was studied using a methylation specific PCR (MSP) and methylation of CDH1 was also measured using a semi-quantitative fluorescence based real-time MSP method. The methylation index (MI) was calculated as the methylated fraction of the genes examined. In this report, we found high frequencies of methylation of several known or suspected tumor suppressor genes in tags and skin cancers. Among the 12 genes, for the cadherin genes CDH1 and CDH3 and for two of the laminin 5 encoding genes LAMA3 and LAMC2 methylation frequencies greater than 30% were noted in one or more specimen types. We investigated whether methylation was tumor related. Surprisingly, the differences in the methylation profile of genes among the three specimen types were modest, and the MI, indicators of overall methylation frequencies, was nearly identical. However, significant differences were noted in the frequencies of methylation among the three specimen types for the genes RASSF1A (P=0.002), CDH1 (P=0.007) and one or more of three CAD genes (P=0.02). Methylation was highly significantly related to sun exposure, and sun protected specimens had little or no methylation. As methylation of CDH1 was completely SE specific we analyzed all the skin samples using a semi-quantitative real-time PCR assay for the CDH1 gene. The concordance between standard MSP and real-time MSP for all the samples (n=161) was 75% (P<0.0001). While weak signals were detected in the SP samples by real time PCR, the differences between SE and SP specimens were 148 fold for tags and 390 fold for BCCs. These differences were highly significant (P<0.0001). These findings suggest that methylation commences in UV exposed skin at a relatively early age and occurs in skin prior to the onset of recognizable preneoplastic changes.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Primary endocardial malignant spindle-cell sarcoma in the right atrium of a dog resembling a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour.

An unusual malignant spindle-cell sarcoma in the right atrium of a 7-year-old male hunting terrier is described. The neoplasm arose from the endocardium, protruded into the lumen of the right atrium, was covered with endothelium, and showed local invasive growth into the atrial wall. The tumour was composed of interlacing bundles of spindle cells, sometimes arranged in whorls resembling the Antoni type A pattern. The extracellular matrix showed abundant reticulin fibres. Immunohistochemistry revealed an intense labelling of tumour cells for vimentin, and a partial labelling for neuron-specific enolase, S100 protein, and Melan-A. The morphology of the tumour indicated a primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, resembling a neoplasm described in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Phenotypic characterization of telomerase-immortalized primary non-malignant and malignant tumor-derived human prostate epithelial cell lines.

In vitro human prostate cell culture models are critical for clarifying the mechanism of prostate cancer progression and for testing preventive and therapeutic agents. Cell lines ideal for the study of human primary prostate tumors would be those derived from spontaneously immortalized tumor cells; unfortunately, explanted primary prostate cells survive only short-term in culture, and rarely immortalize spontaneously. Therefore, we recently have generated five immortal human prostate epithelial cell cultures derived from both the benign and malignant tissues of prostate cancer patients with telomerase, a gene that prevents cellular senescence. Examination of these cell lines for their morphologies and proliferative capacities, their abilities to grow in low serum, to respond to androgen stimulation, to grow above the agar layer, to form tumors in SCID mice, suggests that they may serve as valid, useful tools for the elucidation of early events in prostate tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the chromosome alterations observed in these immortalized cell lines expressing aspects of the malignant phenotypes imply that these cell lines accurately recapitulate the genetic composition of primary tumors. These novel in vitro models may offer unique models for the study of prostate carcinogenesis and also provide the means for testing both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Regulation of ferritin synthesis in malignant and non-malignant lymphoid cells.

The different amounts of H-rich and L-rich isoferritins found in malignant and non malignant lymphoid cells are accompanied by proportional variations in the relative quantity of messenger RNAs for the H and L subunits of ferritin. The correlation between levels of messenger RNAs and proteins suggests that the amount of messenger RNA plays an important role in ferritin biosynthesis in these cells. The enhanced expression of ferritin messenger RNAs in some neoplastic cells is not caused by gross alterations in the structure of ferritin genes.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1999

Hepatobiliary malignancies. Primary hepatic malignant neoplasms.

Primary hepatic tumors are epithelial, mesenchymal, or mixed in origin. Of these, epithelial tumors are the most common and include hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, mixed hepatocholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and a variety of more rare tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma, also know as hepatoma or malignant hepatoma, is the most common, followed by cholangiocarcinoma. This article discusses these two malignancies.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1988

Immunophenotypes of malignant lymphoma centroblastic-centrocytic and malignant lymphoma centrocytic: an immunohistologic study indicating a derivation from different stages of B cell differentiation.

Five cases of intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL), 13 cases of malignant lymphoma centrocytic (MLCC), and 27 cases of malignant lymphoma centroblastic centrocytic (MLCBCC) were studied morphologically and with the aid of a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The immunophenotypes of ILL and MLCC (IgM+/IgD+, MT1+, CALLA-) indicate a mantle zone or very early follicle center derivation. The immunophenotypes of MLCBCC (IgM+ or IgG/IgA+, MT1-, CALLA+) indicate a "true" follicle center derivation. The morphologic diversity of MLCBCC could not be related to specific immunophenotypes.

Adult↗