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PubMed1979

Intramedullary spinal cysticercosis.

Intramedullary cysticercosis of the spinal cord is rare; there have been only 26 previous cases. We describe a patient with low back pain, paraparesis, lumbosacral sensory loss, and signs of meningeal irritation. The clinical diagnosis was spinal cord tumor, but at surgery there was a cysticercus cyst within the lumbosacral cord. Careful search did not reveal the parasite in any other part of the body. This is the first case of spinal cysticercosis reported in Japan.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Carotid occlusion in cysticercosis.

A man without orthostatic hypotension had transient ischemic attacks that were initiated by upright posture. CT showed a cystic mass in the interhemispheric fissure and basilar cisterns. Cerebral angiography demonstrated supraclinoid occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. At frontal craniotomy, cysticercosis cysts were found adherent to a pulseless right internal carotid artery. This is the first antemortem documentation of a large artery occlusion directly related to Cysticercosis racemosus.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Acute cysticercosis encephalitis: description of a histologically confirmed case.

Computed tomography (CT) has permitted the recognition of a previously unknown phase of cerebral cysticercosis, which has been misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically as pseudotumor cerebri or nonspecific intracranial hypertension. It consists of an acute encephalitis with or without neurological localization symptoms. CT shows multiple zones of a ruptured hematoencephalic barrier surrounding a hypodense lesion, which is the parasite. This form of neurocysticercosis is more frequent in younger people. Patients who survive may (a) develop cerebral calcification, (b) have lesions that disappear spontaneously, or (c) develop parenchymatous cerebral cysticercosis. The latter is the most infrequent.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Differences between ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid in hydrocephalus secondary to cysticercosis.

We studied ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 16 patients with hydrocephalus secondary to meningeal cysticercosis, and samples were taken at the time of the surgical implantation of a ventricular shunt. All lumbar CSF samples revealed raised cell counts (mean, 72 +/- 28/mm3) and protein counts (mean, 78 +/- 12 mg/dl), as well as positive immune reactions to cysticerci antigens. In contrast, 50% of the ventricular CSF samples exhibited cell and protein counts within normal limits and five showed negative immune reactions to cysticerci antigens. Ample differences between ventricular and lumbar CSF were also observed in the contents of glucose and immunoglobulins G, A, and M. The biochemical and immunological composition of the CSF varied greatly along the cerebrospinal axis in patients with chronic arachnoiditis caused by cysticercosis. Our findings further support the premise of the subarachnoid space as an immunologically active substratum and provide information to explain the frequent occlusion of ventricular shunts in patients with hydrocephalus secondary to inflammatory disorders of the subarachnoid space.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in cysticercosis of the central nervous system.

Investigation on the behavior of immunoglobulins IGG, IGA and IGM in the CSF in cases of cysticercosis of the CNS, based on data pertaining to two different series of cases. The first series comprises 30 samples of CSF, and the second one, 5 samples. It was demonstrated that IGG is the one representing the largest contingent. IGG concentration keeps in proportion with the gamma globulin concentration, of which it represented an 88% average in the cases studied. Participation of IGG in the protein profile of the CSF is greater than the usually referred; the results for the material analyzed showed 16%. It was verified a proporcionality also between IGG concentration and the titer of positive complement fixation test for cysticercosis; there is a positive correlation, whose numerical expression was found to be significant in the samples studied.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1980

[Tumoral form of cerebral cysticercosis: diagnosis by computerized tomography].

Solitary granulomatous lesions due to cysticercosis in the brain were found by computed tomography in six patients. The CT images were in all cases very similar to those from brain neoplasms. The cerebrospinal fluid complement fixation test for cysticercosis was negative in all of the cases. The definite etiological diagnosis could only be made by craniotomy in this series.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Occurrence of cysticercosis in autopsies performed in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil].

3937 autopsies were performed between 1971 and 1993 in the Serviço de Anatomia Patológica of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Fundação de Assistência, Estudo e Pesquisa de Uberlândia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. At this Service of Pathology are realized all the autopsies of the municipal district of Uberlândia. The analysis of 2862 concluded autopsy reports, of death above the age of one year, disclosed 39 cases (1.4%) of cysticercosis. The age range was 16 to 83 years and 66.6% were males; 82.1% of the patients were from Minas Gerais State, 15.4% were from Goiás State, and in one case (2.5%) the origin was not registered. From these 39 cases, 35 (89.7%) showed central nervous system involvement, isolated or in association to other clinical forms of the disease; in 9 occurred the isolated or associated cardiac form; in 4 the muscular form, isolated or associated, was found; 4 presented the isolated or associated visceral form. In only 7 (17.9%) cases, the cysticercosis was assumed to be the direct cause of the death.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Ocular cysticercosis: an epidemiological study.

The objective of the research was to verify the incidence of the ocular form of cysticercosis among the patients who consulted professionals of the field, during the first statistic inventory accomplished in the State of Paraná, Brazil. The 1996 research was performed through a questionnaire sent to all 220 members of Paraná Ophthalmology Association and to the 17 members of Pathology and Cytology Department of the Paraná Medical Association. A pre-stamped envelop for the return of the answers was included in the package. We received 99 answers from ophthalmologists and 10 answers from pathologists. Retrospective and epidemiological research about the incidences of the ocular cysticercosis in the State of Paraná, added to national related published reports, rendered 95 cases probably acquired in Paraná, 71 of the cases were referred in this research and 24 in prior publication. The most frequent localization was vitreous and subretinal, as literature had already pointed out.

Brazil↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hygiene and restraint of pigs is associated with absence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in a rural community of Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to pig cysticercosis in a rural community of Veracruz, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Swine cysticercosis was diagnosed by tongue palpation and circulating antibodies in pigs kept in 178 household backyards. Risk factors were assessed by interviewing owners to collect information on pig breeding conditions and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: None of the 53 pigs studied showed cysts in the tongue, nor antibodies against Taenia solium in Western blot assays. Latrines were available in 91% of the houses and pigs were kept in restrained areas. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that pig breeding under restraint with basic hygiene and sanitary conditions, may be effective and practical interventions to restrain Taenia solium in rural communities.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors associated with taeniasis-cysticercosis in Lagamar, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

An epidemiological survey was carried out in 3,344 people of an urban town in Lagamar, Minas Gerais, Brazil--during 1992-1993, to evaluate the main risk factors related to taeniasis and cysticercosis. A total number of 875 (78.9%) houses were visited and 1080 (32.3%) subjects were clinically examined. Poor sanitary conditions were positively associated with former history of taeniasis or seizures in households (p < 0.05). It was remarkable the positive relationship between taeniasis and seizures when households were questioned and subjects were clinically evaluated (p < 0.05). The relative risk of seizures was 2.3 between households and 1.7 for individuals clinically examined respectively. The breeding of swine nearby and the chronic carriers of taeniasis are determinant factors in the maintenance of the epidemiological link between taeniasis and cysticercosis in endemic areas.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Restrictive cardiomyopathy due to myocardial cysticercosis].

There is no description of cysticercosis affecting heart function. In the present report, the authors describe the case of a 46-year-old woman with cardiac cysticercosis and heart failure, presenting with echocardiographic findings suggestive of restrictive cardiomyopathy and myocardial microcalcifications suggestive of cardiac infiltration by the disease.

Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive↗

PubMed2006

Taeniosis-cysticercosis complex in individuals of a peasants' settlement (Teodoro Sampaio, Pontal of Paranapanema, SP, Brazil).

In order to evaluate the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex in a population of a peasants' settlement, located at Teodoro Sampaio, state of São Paulo, Brazil (longitude 52 degrees 36'12 ", latitude 22 degrees 17'12 ") a series of laboratory markers were determined. After signing an informed consent, participants answered a standardized questionnaire. To determine anti-Taenia solium cysticercus antibodies, the samples were tested by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay using 18-and 14-kDa antigen proteins from vesicular fluid of Taenia crassiceps (VF-Tcra). The reactive and inconclusive ELISA samples were tested by immunoblotting. Total IgE levels were determined by chemmiluminescence's assay and hemogram by flow cytometer flux counter. A total of 84 individuals, 5.9% presented anti-T. solium cysticercus antibodies in ELISA and 3.6% were strongly reactive in the 18/14 kDa immunoblotting confirmatory test. All of the individuals with positive antibodies showed elevated Total IgE levels. We conclude that the frequency of anti-T. solium cysticercus antibodies in this population is higher than other regions considered endemic in São Paulo. Thus, it is important to carry out surveys in Peasants' settlement areas with the objective of establishing public health measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases such as taeniosis-cysticercosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Proinflammatory cytokines in granulomas associated with murine cysticercosis are not the cause of seizures.

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the human central nervous system caused by the cestode Taenia solium. The most common clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis are seizures. Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis in mice has been used as an experimental model for T. solium cysticercosis. Granulomas surrounding murine cysticerci have striking immunopathological resemblance to human neurocysticercosis; early stage granulomas were able to induce seizures in a rodent model. To assess the role of proinflammatory cytokines in early stage granulomas, we isolated RNA from murine cysticercal granulomas and checked for cytokine expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or ribonuclease (RNase) protection assays. Cytokine expression was compared with histological stages. Interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were the major cytokines detected in all granulomas. Signals for IL-12, IL-18, and IL-6 RNA were not consistently detected and, when detected, were barely demonstrable. Expression of migration inhibitory factor (MIF), IL-6, IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-18 was not significantly different between early and late-stage granulomas. Expression of IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and IL-12 p40 were higher in late, compared with early, stages. Thus, we demonstrated a broad range of cytokines in these granulomas. However, we did not document preferential expression of any proinflammatory cytokines in early stage granulomas. Thus, proinflammatory cytokines are not responsible for the seizures in the rodent model of neurocysticercosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Cerebral cysticercosis manifesting as hydrocephalus--case report.

A 70-year-old female presented with gait disturbance and dementia. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed mild aseptic meningitis. Magnetic resonance images showed multiple cystic lesions and mural nodules in some of the cysts in the cerebral parenchyma. Metrizamide computed tomography clearly demonstrated multiple intracisternal cysts. Some cysts were surgically excised and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was implaced. Postoperatively, her gait disturbance and dementia disappeared. Histological examination revealed cysticercosis with viable larva. Ten months after the initial surgery, she presented with right hemiparesis due to enlargement of the remaining cysts in the left frontal lobe. These cysts were removed. Postoperative neurological examination showed slight right hemiparesis. We recommend ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus due to cisternal cysticercosis and praziquantel administration for parenchymal lesions.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Thoracic intramedullary cysticercosis--two case reports.

A 36-year-old male and a 20-year-old male presented with intramedullary cysticercosis in the thoracic spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly identified the cysts. Surgery was performed to decompress the spinal cord, as both patients had progressive and severe worsening of their neurological condition. Intramedullary cysticercosis can be treated successfully by surgery and/or medical therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Sudden death from cerebral cysticercosis.

A case of sudden death from cysticercosis cerebri is described. A 38-year-old Ecuadorian woman suffered from headache for a few weeks which was interpreted as migraine. Later she developed extremely severe headache with seizures and died. A forensic autopsy showed normal organs. Neuropathologic examination revealed cysticercosis racemosus with reactive chronic ependymitis and meningitis and secondary hydrocephalus.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Cerebral cysticercosis with aqueductal obstruction. Case report.

The authors report a case of cerebral cysticercosis which presented with generalized nonspecific neurological signs and symptoms attributed to acute aqueductal obstruction, with concomitant intracranial hypertension. These were characteristic intracranial calcifications along with angiographically demonstrated signs of hydrocephalus. Contrast encephalography clearly demonstrated aqueductal obstruction. Pathologically, the aqueductal obstruction was shown to be due to parasitic invasion of the brain stem with compression of the aqueduct. The presence of typical intracranial calcification in conjunction with either obstructive or normal-pressure hydrocephalus should alert the observer to the possibility of cerebral cysticercosis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1981

Diagnosis of intraventricular and cisternal cysticercosis by computerized tomography with positive intraventricular contrast medium.

Computerized tomography (CT) has replaced pneumoencephalography and ventriculography in the diagnosis of intraventricular cysticercosis. The authors present a refinement in the use of CT by introducing a positive contrast medium into the ventricles to increase the definition of plain and contrast-enhanced scans in the diagnosis of intraventricular cysticercosis. Eleven cases of Cysticercus cyst are presented, 10 or which were precisely delineated by CT-iodoventriculography. In the remaining case, lack of definition was due to obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct. Surgical confirmation was obtained in all cases.

Adult↗