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Cultural competence in psychosocial and psychiatric care: a critical perspective with reference to research and clinical experiences in California, US and in Germany.

The impact of culture and ethnicity on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with mental disorders has been of growing interest and concern to professionals in the United States and also in Germany. This contribution intends to give an overview of key aspects regarding competence in intercultural situations using research and clinical experiences from the United States and from Germany. The issue of racism and discrimination as contributing factors in the development of mental disorders will be critically examined from a US and a German perspective.

California↗

Cross-cultural competencies in the psychiatric assessment.

We live in an increasingly multicultural society and thus the cross-cultural application of assessment procedures is likely to become more common. However, little attention has been directed to the limitations of such unconditional application of what are essentially ethnocentric procedures. This article outlines the limitations of the psychiatric assessment when applied across cultures and presents the template for a culture sensitive assessment.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

Providing culturally competent care: is there a role for health promoters?

To bridge the widening gap between clients of varied cultural backgrounds and the biomedical system in which nurses practice, nurses should foster the inclusion of health promoters in selected health care settings. Health promoters, who are persons of the same racial or ethnic background as the clients they serve, can help form a link between their community and the dominant health care system.

Community Health Nursing↗

Culturally competent care of patients with acute chest pain.

PURPOSE: To inform nurse practitioners (NPs) about the influence of culture on patients' responses to pain using the example of acute chest pain. DATA SOURCES: Selected clinical and research articles on pain and culture and the authors' clinical experiences providing care across a variety of cultures. CONCLUSIONS: There is very little written and even fewer studies on the connection of culture and the response to acute chest pain. This topic needs more attention by nurse researchers. Implications for practice If NPs are not aware that some patients may not demonstrate behavior typically expected in acute myocardial infarction, they may miss the diagnosis and fail to treat or refer these patients for immediate treatment.

Acute Disease↗

Selective enrichment for genetic markers in DNA released by competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis.

Deoxyribonucleic acid is released into the growth medium by Bacillus subtilis at the time of competence. This DNA is enriched for the genetic markers which have previously been demonstrated to be elevated in membrane-DNA preparations and more recently in cell wall-DNA complexes. Furthermore, the purA16/leu-8 relative marker enrichment varies with time, reaching its highest point at the time of maximal competence. Enrichment remains elevated for at least 60 min further in the competence regimen. Thr results suggest that certain genetic markers of the B. subtilis chromosome are preferentially more available to the external medium as the development of competence proceeds.

Bacillus subtilis↗

Culture and child maltreatment: cultural competence and beyond.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to comment on current issues in the relationship between culture and child maltreatment. METHOD: A review of the literature on culture and child maltreatment is the basis of the article. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: While attention has been directed to the relationship between culture and maltreatment for more than 20 years, there is a need for further development in this area. Efforts need to be made to "unpack" culture, to promote understanding culture in context, and to enhance research on child maltreatment and culture.

Child↗