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PubMedDate not supplied

Renal pathomorphology and histochemistry in dog after hemodilution as well as after administration of full blood in extracorporeal circulation in dog.

Dog kidneys were studied morphologically and histochemically after hemodilution to a 10--20% hematocrict value and transfusion of whole blood under conditions of extracorporeal circulation ensuring constant (linear) flow. Marked interstitial edema in the dog kidneys after hemodilution was the most pronounced alteration, attributed to disorders in the capillary circulation depending upon the apparatus employed. This conclusion was supported by similar changes in animals subjected to various degrees of hemodilution. Widening of the glomerular space and compression of renal tubules were the direct consequences of interstitial edema. Histochemical reactions revealed damage of the cell membranes. Swelling of the ergastoplasm and lysosomes was interpreted as secondary to disorders in circulation of tissue fluid. The least pronounced changes concerned the mitochondria. After extracorporeal circulation with whole blood, thrombi and fat emboli were observed in the blood vessels of the renal glomeruli, attributable to damage of blood in the extracorporeal circulation apparatus.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Platelet membrane glycoproteins in normal dogs and dogs with hemostatic defects.

Glycoproteins solubilized from membrane-enriched fractions of platelets from dogs with TT or VWD and from normal controls were compared by SDS-PAGE. The results were similar to those for the analogous human disorders. Both normal and VWD canine platelet MPs contained three major glycoproteins as well as four smaller-molecular-weight proteins that stained for carbohydrate with the PAS reagent. In contrast, MPs from dogs with TT had a higher concentration of GP I, a varied expression of GP II, and a lower concentration of GP III. The findings re-emphasize the value of comparative studies of these models of human hemostatic defects.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Histamine tachyphylaxis in young dog airway--compared with adult dog.

The phenomenon of histamine tachyphylaxis in vitro previously observed in the airway smooth muscle from adult dogs was investigated in airway smooth muscle from young dogs (age 72-96 days; mean: 91 days). Tachyphylaxis was demonstrated by repetitive exposure to 10(-4) M histamine (4th contractile response was 53.0 +/- 4.9% of the initial histamine contraction; n = 6, P less than 0.01). This result was similar to that previously reported (Anderson et al., 1979) in adult canine tracheal smooth muscle. Tachyphylaxis to histamine was demonstrated also by repetitive exposure to histamine (10(-4) M) in the small airway smooth muscle (2 mm diameter), (4th contractile response was 59.6 +/- 7.2% of the initial histamine contraction; n = 6, P less than 0.01). This tachyphylaxic response is not present in the small airways from adult animals. The development of histamine tachyphylaxis in both tracheal and small airway smooth muscle could be prevented or reversed by preincubation of the tissue with indomethacin (2.8 x 10(-6) M). The composite information thus implicates prostaglandins as the most probable mediators of the process. These results suggest that the variable phenomenon of histamine tachyphylaxis is dependent on the maturity of the animal and on the size of the airway.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of sodium acetate in euvolemic dogs and in dogs submitted to hemorrhagic shock.

We determined the dose-response relationship of systemic hemodynamics with graded intravenous infusions of sodium acetate (0.75, 1.50 and 3.00 microEq kg-1 min-1) in a group of dogs in the euvolemic state (N = 10) and in animals submitted to severe hemorrhagic shock (N = 7). Sodium acetate had a marked vasodilator effect on both groups, decreasing total peripheral resistance by 36.6% and 55.1%, respectively. Cardiac index increased simultaneously by 68.4% and 143.0%, respectively. Sodium acetate induced an approximate normalization of cardiac index and peripheral resistance at the highest infusion rate in the animals submitted to hemorrhagic shock. The normalization of cardiac output was due to a marked increase in heart rate in euvolemic dogs and to an increase in stroke volume in shocked animals. The hyperkinetic state of the circulation induced by the drug and a possible inotropic action of sodium acetate either direct or indirect could explain the different patterns of response.

Acetates↗
PubMed1979

Effect of purified beta glucuronidase infusion in normal dogs and dogs with acidosis.

The effects of systemic infusion of purified beta glucuronidase, lactic acid and a combination of these were studied in normal dogs from the viewpoints of hemodynamics and blood coagulation. In none of the groups was an obvious deterioration in arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, central venous pressure, portal venous pressure and electrocardiogram observed after the infusions. On the other hand, beta glucuronidase infusion with preceding acidosis caused substantial thrombocytopenia accompanied by a decrease in fibrinogen levels and abnormal thromboelastogram. A similar trend was found by the infusion of beta glucuronidase only. An intermediate abnormality was found by the infusion of lactic acid alone. Histologically, fibrin clots in the pulmonary arteries were often observed in the dogs of all groups, but the quantitative difference among the groups was difficult to evaluate. In the present investigation, shock could not be produced, but other data seemed to indicate that increased levels of acid hydrolases in the blood are concerned with deterioration and irreversibility of shock, especially in an acidotic condition.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1984

Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-2. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 13-week-treatment in male dogs.

Miokamycin (MOM) is a derivative of midecamycin, a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces mycarofaciens. The objective of this study was to determine the chronic toxicity of MOM in male Beagle dogs after once daily repeated p.o. administration of MOM, non-crystalline solid, for 13 weeks at daily dosage of 200 and 400 mg/kg. It is concluded that no toxic effects of MOM, non-crystalline solid, were shown in the present studies. Therefore, the maximum non-toxic dose is presumed to be 400 mg/kg or more in male Beagle dogs administered p.o. once daily for 13 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-3. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 26-week-treatment in female dogs.

Miokamycin (MOM) is a derivative of midecamycin, a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces mycarofaciens. The objective of this study was to determine the chronic toxicity of MOM in female Beagle dogs after once daily repeated p.o. administration of MOM, non-crystalline solid, for 26 weeks at daily dosages of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. It is concluded that MOM, non-crystalline solid, did not show any toxic effects in this study and the maximum non-toxic dose is presumed to be 400 mg/kg or more in female Beagle dogs administered once daily for 26 weeks.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Toxicological studies on a new macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin acetate (miokamycin). Part III-4. Chronic toxicity in beagle dogs: 26-week-treatment in male dogs.

Miokamycin (MOM) is a derivative of midecamycin, a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces mycarofaciens. The objective of this study was to determine the chronic toxicity of MOM in male Beagle dogs after repeated oral administration of MOM, non-crystalline solid, for 26 weeks at b.i.d. dosage of 200, 400, 800 and 1,200 mg/kg/day. It is concluded that MOM, non-crystalline solid, did not show any toxic effects in this chronic toxicity study. Therefore, the maximum non-toxic dose is presumed to be 1,200 mg/kg/day or more in male Beagle dogs administered orally at b.i.d. for 26 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Angioarchitectonics of eyeball blood vessels in the normal dog and in dogs with experimental coarctation of the aorta].

Three series of chronic experiments for production of a dosed coarctation of the aorta (1/2, 2/3 and 3/4 of its lumen) have been carried out in 96 dogs. The postoperative period in all the animals had a smooth course. After the operation, by means of functional and pathomorphological investigation architectonical peculiarities of the eye ball vessels are studied. For comparison of the changes occurring in the eye ball vessels under the given pathology, its normal blood supply has been studied in 20 dogs. At various degree of the aortal coarctation already during the first week of the experiment, certain changes develop in the vascular system of the eye ball coats: spasm of the arterioles, up to the capillaries and dilatation of the venules. Vascular convolution of various degree is revealed. The changes described are directly dependent on the degree of the aorta narrowing and duration of the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Intraepiploic pancreatic autograft in dogs. Blood sugar changes as compared with a group of pancreatectomized dogs].

The authors used the omentum to envelop thin pancreatic fragments (10 to 18 g. i.e. 1/3 to 1/2 of the canine pancreas). After control of the blood sugar, a total corporo-caudal pancreatectomy was carried out in 21 dogs within 1 to 5 months. Nine survivors from one week to 3 months, permitted them to control the course of the blood sugar with biopsies of the graft and the absence of residual pancreas in the duodeno-hepatic region at autopsy. Compared with a comparative series of 11 dogs which survived total pancreatectomy and required 8 to 22 units of long-acting insulin, the series with autotransplants within the omentum, showed a moderate increase in blood sugar (1,1 to 1,1 g/l). However, progressive or acute cachexia with digestive disorders, frequently fistula of the sub-cutaneous graft were observed. In spite of the progressive and attenuated character of the diabetes, the preservation of secreting endocrine pancreatic islets is only temporary as shown by the histological controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pancreas transplantation in dogs, effect on the endocrine pancreas of pancreatic duct obliteration and the mode of pancreas preservation. Histological study by surface analysis in dogs].

The effects of organ preservation and of canal obliteration on the endocrine pancreas were investigated in three groups of dogs. A control group of 6 animals were used for the histological examination of the normal pancreas. Two randomized groups (A and B) of 7 dogs the caudal pancreas was autotransplanted; a fibrin glue was injected into the pancreas canals 28 days before organ removal. In the group A, each graft was rinsed in a Euro-Collins solution and immediately transplanted. In group B, each graft was rinsed and held in a preservation solution for 24 hours before transplantation. On histological slices the ratio between of the total surface area of Langerhans islets to the mean surface area of each islet was greater in the control group than in group A (p = 0.011 and 0.023); the ratio was not significantly different between the control group and the group B (p = 0.334 and 0.099). The histological surface area study suggested that the mode of organ preservation affects the endocrine pancreas and that blocking the canals has little effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Biochemical analysis in dogs of the beagle breed. 2. The content of Na, K, Ca, Mg, total P, Fe, Cu and Zn in tissue of fetuses and dogs of different ages].

In dog fetuses in the age of 45 and 55 days as well as in dogs in the age of one day, of 28 days, of 6 and of 18 months the content of minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, total-P), of Fe, of Cu and of Zn in different tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, lung, heart respectively left and right ventricle, liver, spleen, kidney respectively cortex and medulla, pancreas, M. biceps femoris and M. longissimus dorsi) was analysed. During the prenatal and postnatal development there are changes in the content of the mentioned elements in many tissues, that are necessary for the specialisation for certain functions.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of the vasodilatory effects of bradykinin in isolated dog renal arteries and in buffer-perfused dog kidneys.

This study was undertaken to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase products and bradykinin (Bk) receptors in the Bk evoked responses of canine renal arteries and perfused kidneys. Rings of isolated canine renal arteries were mounted in organ chambers for measurement of isometric force. The isolated canine kidneys were perfused with Krebs-solution (constant flow) and the perfusion pressure was continuously recorded. The influence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginin (L-NOARG) on the vasocontractile responses to phenylephrine (PE) were examined in both preparations. Furthermore, the effects of Bk on the tone of canine isolated renal arteries and on the vasopressor responses of isolated buffer-perfused kidneys of dogs were tested in the absence and presence of enzyme inhibitors and the B2 kinin receptor antagonist HOE-140. It was found that indomethacin enhanced the contractile responses of large renal arteries to PE by 77 +/- 10%. In intact artery rings L-NOARG (0.1 mM) caused an additional potentiation of the PE-induced contractions in the presence of indomethacin (from 11.5 +/- 1.2 mN to 21.6 +/- 1.7 mN). However, L-NOARG failed to affect contractile responses to PE in endothelium-denuded rings. Bk produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the precontracted endothelium-intact renal arteries. The IC50 value for Bk was 11.2 +/- 3.7 nM. The relaxant activity of the peptide in renal artery rings was not affected by indomethacin (3 microM). However, in the presence of L-NOARG a significantly higher concentration (IC50 = 860 +/- 300 nM) of Bk was required to relax renal arteries. The Bk receptor antagonist HOE-140 (10 nM for 40 min) attenuated the relaxant effect of Bk in renal artery rings (from an IC50 of 14.2 +/- 2.5 nM to 216 +/- 37 nM). Indomethacin (3 microM for 20 min) did not significantly alter the arteriolar vasoconstriction (from 45 +/- 4 mm Hg to 48 +/- 5 mm Hg, n = 5) evoked by PE. By contrast, L-NOARG (0.1 mM) potentiated (from 56 +/- 7 mm Hg to 94 +/- 11 mm Hg) the PE-induced vasopressor responses in perfused kidneys. Bk reduced the size of the pressor responses at relatively low concentrations (2-60 nM) but the dose-response curve was flat and the maximum inhibitory effect hardly exceeded 50 percent. Indomethacin (3 microM) did not modify the inhibitory effect of Bk in perfused kidney. In the presence of L-NOARG, Bk depressed the PE induced vasopressor effects with a maximum of 18 +/- 20%. Preincubation of the kidney preparations with the Bk antagonist HOE 140 (10 nM for 40 min) almost completely abolished the inhibitory effect of Bk on the PE induced vasopressor responses. The results suggest that the endothelial NO plays a fundamental role in the relaxant effect of Bk and considerably modulates vascular reactivity to PE in canine renal vasculature. Furthermore, significant difference exists between conduit and resistance vessels of dog's kidney in the effect of indomethacin on the adrenergic contractions.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

[Life expectancy and cause of death in dogs. I. The situation in mixed breeds and various dog breeds].

The present study on life expectancy and cause of death is based upon data from 9,248 dogs. The entire sample showed a life expectancy of 10.0 years. The most frequent cause of death was tumors (27.3%), followed by cardiac and circulatory ailments (16.3%). The causes of death also showed a breed-specific distribution. The mean age attained in various breeds differed, ranging from 6.8 years in the Berner Sennenhund to 13.0 years in the Pudel. Dogs of mixed breeding tended not to differ from purebreds either in their life expectancy or in their cause of death.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of Desmopresssin in Normal Dogs and Dogs with von Willebrand's Disease.

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP(R)), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin was slowly administered intravenously to 12 healthy dogs of various breeds and 10 Doberman Pinschers with mild-to-moderate type I von Willebrand's disease at a dose of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micro g/kg body weight. Plasma von Willebrand factor:antigen was measured by an electroimmunoassay prior to and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after desmopressin infusion. Desmopressin induced only very modest and statistically insignificant increases in von Willebrand factor in both groups. We conclude that the response to desmopressin as measured by circulating von Willebrand factor is much less pronounced in healthy dogs and in Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease than in humans.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2007

Studies on some trematode parasites of stray dogs in Egypt with a key to the identification of intestinal trematodes of dogs.

Fourteen of 30 stray dogs examined from Ismailia City, Egypt were infected with one or more species of intestinal trematodes, including Mesostephanus appendiculatus, Mesostephanus milvi, Mesostephanus fajardensis, Echinochasmus liliputanus, Heterophyes dispar, and Pygidiopsis genata. The morphology of each species was compared with earlier descriptions and a key to the identification of canine intestinal trematodes in this geographic region was developed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomographic characteristics of multilobular tumor of bone involving the cranium in 7 dogs and zygomatic arch in 2 dogs.

Computed tomography (CT) images of nine dogs with a multilobular tumor of bone of the head were reviewed. The CT characteristics of the neoplasms involving the calvarium (n = 7) were rounded, well defined with a fine granular, nonhomogeneous bone opacity usually in the occipital region. Cranial vault invasion (5 of 7) was commonly found with a significant portion of the mass within the vault. The neoplasms involving the zygomatic arch (n = 2) were also generally rounded and well defined but with a more coarse granular appearance. The common CT findings were best seen when the images were viewed in a bone window.

Animals↗