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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Gender and age differences in the drinking behaviors of university students.

A sample of 457 university students were queried concerning their use of alcohol. The majority (90%) of students reported drinking at least once over the past year, with men drinking more often. Age differences were noted, with older students (Mdn = 32.0 yr. vs 19.0 yr.) more likely to report drinking 4 to 6 times per week. Women generally had healthier attitudes concerning alcohol consumption, e.g., more likely to try to prevent a friend from driving after drinking, pay for use of a taxi, or have a designated driver. Men were more likely to indicate that it is socially acceptable to be intoxicated occasionally and also that most drinkers do not suffer health problems as a result of their drinking. The present study indicates a need to educate university students about the effects of alcohol with a particular emphasis needed for male students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A survey of drinking behaviors of Canadian correctional officers.

77 correctional officers from two Canadian medium security penitentiaries were surveyed concerning their use of alcohol. 94% reported drinking at least once during the preceding year. 45 men consumed alcohol more frequently than the 29 women, more often felt obligated to drink at social gatherings, and were more likely to believe that drinkers do not suffer health problems related to their drinking. Although other studies have indicated correctional officers have special problems with drinking, more similarities with the general population than differences were found in the present drinking patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Predicting the drinking behavior of older adults from questionnaire measures of alcohol consumption.

The relationship between three questionnaire measures of alcohol consumption and self-monitoring reports of drinking in the natural environment was investigated in 83 normal drinkers over 60 years of age. Following questionnaire administration subjects recorded their alcohol consumption each day for up to three months. Collaterals verified subjects' self-monitoring reports. Questionnaire scores and self-monitoring reports of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption were generally well correlated. Regression analyses showed the Questionnaire Measure of Habitual Alcohol Use to be the best predictor of both drinking frequency and quantity. Measurement issues related to the use of verbal reports of alcohol consumption with elderly drinkers are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Contextual factors related to the drinking behaviors of American business and professional women.

American women in business and professional occupations (n = 453) completed a survey that included questions on alcohol use, drinking context, and work and other activities. Spouses' and best friends' consumption and subjects' frequency in drinking settings correlated with their consumption and negative consequences of alcohol use. Multiple regression analyses indicated that predictor variables for consumption were frequency in drinking settings, a measure of three personal motives for drinking, age, and number of organization memberships. Predictor variables for negative consequences were subject's consumption, spouse's drinking, frequency in drinking settings, and age. The results suggest that social context may be important in understanding women's drinking. Variables directly related to drinking, such as time spent in drinking situations, are correlated with increased drinking, while other contextual variables, such as membership in organizations, may play a preventive role.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Thirst and salt appetite induced by hypovolemia in rats: analysis of drinking behavior.

A detailed description of the increased intake of water and 0.5 M NaCl solution by rats after colloid-induced hypovolemia was obtained by measuring drinking activity every 6 s for 23 h. After an initial phase of largely single-bout water drinking that reflected hypovolemic thirst, there was a marked increase in saline drinking in multiple-bout episodes. This salt appetite developed while rats were volume depleted but persisted for hours even after the plasma volume deficits were repaired. Their drinking episodes then seemed to reflect osmoregulation, since cumulative intakes of water and saline were in appropriate proportions to produce a near-isotonic NaCl solution. Remarkably, rats concocted a 1% NaCl solution within 29% of the drinking episodes, by alternating intakes of water and saline every 30-90 s. This alternation was too rapid to allow significant absorption of ingested fluids from the intestines and changes in plasma osmolality, and thereby to permit central osmoreceptors to influence ongoing consumption. Instead, we propose that, in these episodes, rats are guided by gustatory receptors to obtain the desired NaCl in a palatable solution.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

Monitoring drinking behavior with the alcohol dipstick during treatment.

The present communication is the first report on the clinical use of the alcohol dipstick to continuously monitor alcoholics' drinking during treatment. Daily urine samples from 34 alcoholics were tested for alcohol by the clinical staff using the alcohol dipstick. The patients also provided self-reports of drinking daily. Patients' compliance for submitting urine samples and for completing daily monitoring sheets (DMS) was 93 and 95%, respectively. Over 75% of the patients drank on at least one occasion; about half of these patients denied drinking detected by the urine tests. Drinking was confirmed by both methods in 39% of the patients who drank, and by the urine testing alone in 54%. The patients in treatment for less than 2 months were abstinent on 85% of the days compared to 98% for those in treatment for 6 months or longer. Seventy-two percent of all alcohol-positive urine samples were submitted by patients on days when they denied drinking. Monitoring of patients' drinking was useful in their clinical management. The alcohol dipstick was a simple, inexpensive, and rapid alcohol measuring procedure that could be used by the clinical staff in the treatment setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The relationship between low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase phenotype and drinking behavior in Japanese.

The relationship between the low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) phenotype determined by the isoelectric focusing of hair root lysates, facial flushing and alcohol drinking patterns in Japanese (N = 282) was examined. Men who had inactive ALDH2 drank significantly less alcohol than those with active ALDH2. Although the effect was less noticeable, a similar relationship was detected in women. Two types of flushing responses were determined: one due to the inactive ALDH2, the other unrelated to this variant form of the isozyme. A striking difference between these flushing types, in terms of the inhibitory influence over drinking patterns, was noted. Nearly 86% of the subjects who reported always flushing in the face were shown to have inactive ALDH2, whereas infrequent flushing and absence of flushing were associated with active ALDH2. Thus, facial flushing may be used as an indicator of ALDH2 phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Undergraduate adjustment to college, drinking behavior, and fraternity membership.

This study examined the relationship between adjustment to college as measured by Baker and Siryk's 1986 Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire, drinking patterns, and various aspects of student life (e.g., fraternity or sorority membership). A total of 114 students participated. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated several significant relationships.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Cross-cultural and cross-temporal explanations of drinking behavior: contributions from epidemiology, life-span developmental psychology and the sociology of aging.

A review is presented of the contributions to understanding historical and cultural variation in drinking practices from three disciplines--epidemiology, life-span developmental psychology and the sociology of aging. It is concluded that while these disciplines have made major methodological contributions to understanding these variations, theory is lacking. Reasons for the paucity of theory and the lack of hypotheses are advanced, as are frameworks in which to test competitive hypotheses across temporal and cultural boundaries.

Age Factors↗