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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1965

Antibiotic therapy of staphylococcal infections.

The antibiotic treatment of staphylococcal infections remains a problem. Isolation of the organism and sensitivity testing are necessary in the choice of antibiotic. Penicillin G is the most effective penicillin against non-penicillinase-producing staphy-lococci; for the penicillinase producers there is very little to choose between the semisynthetic penicillins, methicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and oxacillin. For patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin, the bacteriostatic drugs (erythromycin, novobiocin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, oleandomycin) are useful for mild infections, while for more severe illness the bactericidal drugs (vancomycin, ristocetin, kanamycin, bacitracin, neomycin) have been used successfully. Acute staphylococcal enterocolitis is probably best treated by a semisynthetic penicillin. Other antibiotics which have been found useful, with clinical trials, for staphylococcal infections are cephalosporin, fucidin, cephaloridine and lincomycin. The latter drug has been reported of value in the treatment of osteomyelitis. There is little justification for the prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent staphylococcal infection. Surgical drainage is still an important adjunct in the treatment of many staphylococcal infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical studies on cefozopran in pediatrics].

We conducted clinical studies on cefozopran (CZOP), a newly developed parenteral cephalosporin, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 16 children with infections, including 9 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute bronchitis, enterocolitis, purulent lymphadenitis, 4 with skin and soft tissue infections. CZOP was administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion. Doses varying from 20 to 35 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 14 days. 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 10 and good in 6 cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. The overall bacterial eradication rate for the pathogenic bacteria was also 100%. 3. Side effect was noted in 1 case with skin rash. Abnormal laboratory test data were found in 5 cases including slight elevations of GPT in 4 cases and GOT in 2 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Clostridium septicum sepsis and neutropenic enterocolitis in a patient treated with intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

We report a case of neutropenic enterocolitis complicated by Clostridium septicum sepsis following intensive chemotherapy to induce remission of acute myeloid leukemia. With the trend towards more intensive chemotherapy, particularly using regimens that induce gastrointestinal toxicity, it is important to recognize the circumstances under which sepsis due to C. septicum is likely to occur, so that appropriate treatment can be instituted promptly.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting with acute pancreatitis.

We present the findings on a 27-year-old male with eosinophilic gastro-enterocolitis accompanied with acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis may be induced by pancreatic duct obstruction caused by marked swelling of the papillary region of the duodenum due to eosinophil infiltration. After prednisolone treatment, clinical manifestations rapidly improved; the serum amylase decreased and the peripheral eosinophilia was recovered. The serum interleukin-5 (IL-5) level was high at diagnosis and decreased by prednisolone therapy; however, IL-5 was detected by enzyme immunoassay even during clinical remission. These results indicate that eosinophilia is mediated by IL-5, and detectable levels of IL-5 indicate the possibility of relapse.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: review and current concepts.

Necrotizing enterocolitis poses a serious threat to the increasing number of "at risk" neonates. Its clinical picture is characterized by abdominal distension, gastric retention, bile vomitus, and bloody stools. Abdominal roentgenograms demonstrate loops of intestine with intramural gas. Many of the neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis have been successfully managed by aggressive medical treatment. A review of the clinical course of 64 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis in the acute phase suggests that either persistence of abdominal distention, development of edema and erythema of the abdominal wall, or pneumoperitoneum are indications for surgical intervention. Seven neonates presented with colonic stenosis several months after the management of the acute phase of necrotizing entercolitis.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nonocclusive intestinal infarct and necrotizing enterocolitis in the adult].

A case of full-thickness necrosis of the small bowel, and colon, which required partial resection of the jejunum and total resection of the ileum and colon is reported. The case gives the chance for a review of the Literature on intestinal necrosis not caused by vascular occlusion. Nonocclusive intestinal ischemia, acute neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and adult necrotizing enterocolitis including the Pig-bel disease, common in Papua-New Guinea, are examined. Resemblances and differences in etiology, pathophysiology and clinical findings are discussed. The hypothesis that the process of "bacterial translocation" plays a central role in the pathogenesis of bowel infarction, representing therefore a possible link between infective and vascular mechanisms, is emphasized. Important suggestions on massive intestinal necrosis management are also reported.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Typhlitis: a treatable complication of acute leukemia therapy.

Heretofore, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, or more specifically typhlitis, occurring as a complication of the cytotoxic chemotherapy of acute leukemia has nearly always resulted in a fatal outcome. Recent surgical literature states that if cecitis is found as a consequence of therapy for leukemia, the surgeon should refrain from operating because standard procedures, including hemicolectomy, have not improved survival. This paper reports two patients with acute typhlitis resulting from induction therapy of acute leukemia with cytosine arabinoside and hydroxydaunorubicin. Both patients underwent subtotal colectomy, while their marrows were aplastic from therapy, and survived their surgery. Both are living and well in maintained remission, 1 year from surgery. We review the pathogenesis of this disorder and discuss its clinical, x-ray, and laboratory features. Close oncologic/surgical teamwork is stressed as the patient is followed closely into the time frame when the decision is made whether to operate. Factors contributing to this decision are discussed. Preoperative recommendations are made in order to bring the patient into a state of physiologic stability. The operative procedure is described along with the postoperative complications encountered. We strongly recommend that laparotomy be considered in selected patients with typhlitis occurring as a complication of treated leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Gastrointestinal complications after aortic surgery.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A major gastrointestinal complication (GIC) after aortic surgery may be disastrous, but these complications have received scant attention. This study was performed to determine the risk factors, associated events, and outcomes for patients with GIC. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective study that examined 120 consecutive patients who underwent transperitoneal aortic revascularization for aneurysmal or occlusive disease. RESULTS: The following 29 GICs developed in 25 patients (21%) within 30 days of aortic surgery: paralytic ileus that required replacement of nasogastric tubes (n = 12), upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 5), Clostridium difficile enterocolitis (n = 5), acute cholecystitis (n = 2), mechanical obstruction (n = 2), ascites (n = 2), and colon ischemia (n = 1). Seven patients required operations for GICs after aortic revascularization. A comparison of patients with and without GICs showed no differences in the prevalence of risk factors, presence of mesenteric artery stenoses, coexisting medical illnesses, antecedent gastrointestinal history, operative indication, preoperative fluid administration, or duration of operation. However, patients with GICs had more intraoperative complications (P = .004), greater intraoperative blood loss (P = .02), and more fluids during the postoperative period (P = .008). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 71 +/- 23 hours for patients with GICs versus 7 +/- 2 hours for patients without GICs (P = .006). A higher prevalence of pulmonary (P = .004) and renal (P = .001) complications was seen in the patients with GICs. The mean stay in the intensive care unit was 16 +/- 2 days for patients with GICs as compared with 5 +/- 0.4 days for patients without GICs (P < .001). Four deaths occurred, all caused by multisystem organ failure: 3 patients had GICs, and 1 did not have a GIC (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that GICs are prevalent in transperitoneal aortic surgery and are associated with severe morbidity rates, increased hospital costs because of prolonged stay, and increased mortality rates. Some GICs appear to be associated with intraoperative events that lead to visceral hypoperfusion, and others can be attributed to mechanical causes. However, none of the variables examined in this study were predictive of GICs. In all, GICs should be considered serious adverse sequela after aortic revascularization. Because no risk factors for GICs have been identified, these complications currently cannot be prevented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis: suspicions and dilemmas].

The acute intestinal perforation is the absolute indication for surgical treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Other symptoms, signs and conditions suggested as indications for surgical treatment are often unclear. Since the beginning of the treatment for NEC there have been the attempts of categorisation to clear which of the patients have really needed conservative or surgical treatment. However, these categories have not been as useful in practice as it had been expected. The problem is not resolved. The indication for surgical treatment of NEC is still based on surgeon's experience in practice. The surgical treatment of NEC is based upon resection of pathologically changed intestine. Whether it performs the primary anastomosis or enterostomy depends of surgeon's estimation which operation will cause less problems to the patient suffering already. There are the attempts to preserve bowel length modificating the operative tactics in selective cases of NEC. Careful nursing and medical care greatly reduce the severity of the disease decreasing both the associated morbidity and mortality. The treatment of NEC appearing in other entities is almost always surgical. It is almost the rule that patients in such cases belong to the group of great risk. Sometimes, in bad condition of the patient only the drainage of the peritoneal cavity is performed. Performing the resection in these cases as well as giving up of the surgical treatment is the question ethics.

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing↗
PubMed1993

[Ofloxacin treatment of salmonella infections].

In the present study, 33 adult patients with salmonella infections consisting of 13 typhoid fever, 9 paratyphoid fever, 8 enterocolitis, 2 carriers, 1 acute gastroenteritis have been treated with ofloxacin. The duration of treatment was 10 days for typhoid fever, 7 days for paratyphoid fever, 5 days for enterocolitis, 3 days for acute gastroenteritis and 7 days for asymptomatic carriers. All the patients recovered without any complication and fever declined to normal levels within a mean of 3.0 +/- 1.34 days. Two carriers of S. enteritidis became salmonella free after 7 days of ofloxacin treatment. One of the patients who had severe S. paratyphi B bacteremia remained carrier for about 6 months. None of the patients have relapsed. The antibiotic therapy proposals on salmonella in adults were discussed in the light of our results and the other studies.

Carrier State↗
PubMed2002

Neutropenic enterocolitis.

Neutropenic enterocolitis is an acute syndrome characterized by cecal and ascending colon inflammation that may progress to necrosis and perforation. It is most often associated with leukemia but has also been described in patients with solid tumors, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, AIDS, and cyclic neutropenia. Medical management usually suffices, but surgical intervention may be required.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Surgical treatment of children with necrotizing enterocolitis].

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an acute neonatal disease. It affects in particular premature neonates with a birth weight lower than 1500 g. Despite extensive research the etiology of the disease remains obscure. The majority of authors assume multifactorial causes. Research workers try to detect various laboratory and clinical factors which could serve as criteria for surgical intervention. The sensitivity and specificity of these tests and laboratory examinations detect the disease only in an advanced stage and in the stage of perforation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The main surgical approach to the treatment of this disease remains laparotomy and resection of the necrotic portion of the gut with enterostomy. In a limited number of children resection of a portion of the necrotic gut with primary anastomosis is possible. In some very serious conditions and in infants with a birth weight below 1000 g peritoneal drainage and subsequent "second look" surgery should be sufficient. It is a disease with calls for a maximum individual approach and there are no accurate defined instructions for surgical treatment. The surgeon's experience and the standard of preoperative and postoperative care are decisive.

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing↗