PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Epilepsy, Complex Partial”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Asperger's syndrome and ligamentous laxity.

Two autistic girls and one autistic man in whom Asperger's syndrome coexists with lifelong ligamentous laxity and muscular incoordination are described. Two had cranial circumferences at or above the 90th percentile as children, two have complex partial epilepsy, one has a colloid cyst of the third ventricle, and one had evidence of Sotos syndrome. Echocardiography was performed in the two girls and both had evidence of increased aortic compliance. It is suggested that all three suffer from a Marfan-like disorder of connective tissue and, more speculatively, that this has led to anomalous development of midline brain structures with consequent social handicaps characteristic of Asperger's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

High-frequency EEG activity at the start of seizures.

Frequencies above 35-40 Hz are poorly visualized on conventional EEG scalp recordings. We investigated frequency components up to 150 Hz in digitally recorded EEGs of seizures in five patients with implanted subdural grids, as part of their evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Amplifier bandpass was set from 0.1 to 300 Hz, and EEG was digitized at 2,000 samples per second. Seizures with electrodecremental patterns at the start showed a significant increase in spectral power above 35 Hz, with a twofold increase in the 40-50-Hz range, and up to a fivefold increase in the 80-120-Hz portion of the spectrum. Activity above 40 Hz could represent summed action potentials, harmonics of synaptic potentials or transient sharp components of synaptic potentials. High-frequency increases were largely localized to the region of the seizure focus. Grid sites remote from the focus did not show significant energy in the EEG band above 40 Hz at baseline, nor at time of seizure onset. Our findings suggest that high-frequency recordings may be of use in localizing seizure foci.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of electrical discharges made with the foramen ovale electrode recording technique in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients.

Foramen ovale electrode (FOE) implantation is usually indicated in patients with mesial temporal lobe (MTL) epilepsy. The authors conducted this study to characterize the electrical discharge patterns obtained using FOE recording and evaluated their clinical significance. Interictal and ictal discharge patterns and their temporal relationships to EEGs were examined in 16 patients who had FOEs implanted bilaterally and had good recovery from surgery. After long-term telemetry recording with FOEs, all patients displayed clear seizure onsets originating in one or both sides of the MTL and underwent an anterior temporal lobectomy. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were lateralized to the operated side in 12 patients based on scalp EEGs and in 8 patients based on FOE recordings. Among the various possible IED patterns observed with the FOE recordings, a periodic pattern was dominant in the operated side (P = 0.001), whereas a polyspike pattern was dominant in the nonoperated side (P = 0.002). The number of patients with ictal onsets in the operated side was five based on the scalp EEG and 10 based on FOE recordings. Paroxysmal fast frequency activity, rhythmic spikes (>2 Hz), or sharp waves were dominant over other FOE seizure onset patterns in the operated side. By contrast, delta and theta slowing and positive spikes were prevalent in the nonoperated side. The start-stop-start pattern, previously described using subdural electrodes, was also found in FOE recordings and was concordant with the operated side in all cases. The interhemispheric propagation time recorded with bilateral FOEs was 22.6 +/- 20.0 seconds for ictal discharges initiated in the operated side and 7.0 +/- 8.4 seconds for those in the nonoperated side. Among various IED spreading patterns, the most prevalent progression was FOE --> contralateral FOE --> ipsilateral temporal lobe, or --> contralateral temporal lobe. In this series, FOE implantation caused no serious complications. FOE recording appears to be useful for confirming lateralization in patients with MTL epilepsy previously determined using clinical and neuroimaging methods. A thorough analysis of FOE recordings can provide information that may facilitate the differentiation of primary from secondary (nonepileptogenic) temporal lobes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Increased hippocampal AMPA and NMDA receptor subunit immunoreactivity in temporal lobe epilepsy patients.

This study determined if hippocampal AMPA and NMDA subunit immunoreactivity (IR) in temporal lobe epilepsy patients was increased compared with nonseizure autopsies. Hippocampi from hippocampal sclerosis patients (HS; n = 26) and nonsclerosis cases (non-HS: n = 12) were compared with autopsies (n = 6) and studied for GluR1, GluR2/3, NMDAR1, and NMDAR2 IR gray values (GV) along with fascia dentata and Ammon's horn neuron densities. Compared with autopsies, non-HS cases with similar neuron densities and HS patients with decreased neuron densities showed: (a) Increased GluR1 GVs in the fascia dentata molecular layer: (b) increased NMDAR1 GVs in the CA3-1 stratum radiatum and greater IR within pyramids; and (c) increased GluR2/3 and NMDAR2 GVs throughout all hippocampal subfields. Furthermore, HS patients showed that relative to the outer molecular layer: (a) GluR1 GV differences were decreased in the CA4/hilar region and CA1 stratum radiatum compared with autopsies; and (b) NMDAR2 GV differences were increased in the inner molecular layer compared with non-HS cases. In temporal lobe seizure patients, these results indicate that AMPA and NMDA receptor subunit IR was increased in HS and non-HS hippocampi compared with nonseizure autopsies. In humans, these findings support the hypothesis that glutamate receptor subunits are increased in association with chronic temporal lobe seizures, which may enhance excitatory neurotransmission and seizure susceptibility.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Association of Chiari I malformation, mental retardation, speech delay, and epilepsy: a specific disorder?

OBJECTIVE: The Chiari I malformation is defined as tonsillar herniation of at least 3 to 5 mm below the foramen magnum. Although Chiari I malformation is considered to derive from a mesodermal disorder resulting in underdevelopment of the posterior fossa relative to its content, evidence for a possible heterogeneous etiology also has been reported. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the relationship between Chiari I malformation and mental retardation, speech delay, and epilepsy to consider a possible specific pathogenetic background. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with Chiari I malformations were identified by use of magnetic resonance imaging during a period between 1993 and 1999. The study consisted of nine patients (four boys and five girls) who were affected by mental retardation, speech delay, and epilepsy. All patients underwent electroencephalography and brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: All patients were mentally retarded with a mean intelligence quotient of 50. Seven patients had a positive history for speech delay, and five were epileptic. Electroencephalograms demonstrated abnormalities in seven patients. The mean tonsillar displacement was 10.1 mm. A thin corpus callosum and a wide cavum septum pellucidum were present in three patients. Neither hydromyelia nor scoliosis was observed. No correlation between the degree of the ectopia and clinical manifestation was noted. CONCLUSION: The association of Chiari I malformation with epilepsy, speech delay, and mental retardation may not be a mere incidental finding but may be a marker for a different pathogenetic background.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Carbamazepine coadministration with fluoxetine or fluvoxamine.

To study the potential interaction between carbamazepine (CBZ) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine (20 mg/day) and fluvoxamine (100 mg/day) were administered for 3 weeks to eight and seven epileptic patients, respectively, on chronic CBZ treatment. No significant changes in steady-state plasma concentrations of CBZ and its active metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) occurred, suggesting that CBZ metabolism is probably not affected by fluoxetine or fluvoxamine administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Impact of epilepsy on quality of life.

Epilepsy is a chronic condition with a profound effect on the quality of life. Health, family life, social, community and civic activities, economics and personal development are the major variables associated with quality of life for the person with epilepsy. In this article, a model describing the relationship between these variables and quality of life is presented. This model organizes a comprehensive nursing approach to the patient with epilepsy. A case study analysis approach is used to help further illustrate interactions among the variables. Nursing interventions based upon analysis of the model are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Mood disturbance before and after seizure surgery: a comparison of temporal and extratemporal resections.

PURPOSE: Mood disturbance is a common comorbid condition of temporal lobe epilepsy before and after seizure surgery. Few studies have examined mood disturbance in patients undergoing resections outside the temporal lobe (extratemporal resections). This study aimed to compare the early, postoperative evolution of mood disturbance in temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy patients to examine the effect of site of surgical resection on mood outcome. METHODS: The study used a longitudinal design and was qualitative in nature. Sixty seizure surgery patients (43 temporal resections, 17 extratemporal resections) were assessed before surgery and at discharge, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery, by using the Austin CEP Interview. Psychosocial adjustment, psychiatric difficulties, including depression and anxiety, and seizure frequency were assessed. RESULTS: Before surgery, both temporal and extratemporal patients had significant psychiatric histories with similarly high rates of depression (33 and 53%, respectively) and anxiety (23 and 18%, respectively). After surgery, significantly more temporal patients were seizure free at each of the reviews compared with extratemporal patients. Temporal patients also reported significantly higher levels of depression (26%), anxiety (42%), and psychosocial adjustment difficulties (64%) at the 1-month review than did extratemporal patients. Mood disturbance was significantly associated with adjustment difficulties in both groups, but was not related to seizure outcome at any review period. CONCLUSIONS: A general increase in mood disturbance was evident after surgery, particularly in temporal resection patients at the 1-month review. Site of surgery and psychosocial adjustment showed significant associations with postoperative mood disturbance, supporting the role of both neurobiological and psychosocial factors in mood outcome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

The effect of different vigabatrin treatment regimens on CSF biochemistry and seizure control in epileptic patients.

1. Vigabatrin, 50 mg kg-1, was administered orally as add-on therapy to 11 patients with drug-resistant complex partial epilepsy as a single dose, then once every third day for 2 months, every other day for 2 months and daily for 1 month. 2. Lumbar punctures were carried out prior to treatment and at the end of each dosage regimen and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluated for concentrations of free and total GABA, homocarnosine (GABA-histidine dipeptide), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and vigabatrin. 3. Each regimen resulted in significant increases in CSF concentrations of free and total GABA and homocarnosine compared with the immediately preceding regimen. 4. CSF concentrations of HVA significantly increased after a single vigabatrin dose but returned to pre-treatment levels with subsequent dosing schedules. In contrast, 5-HIAA concentrations also increased with the single dose but were significantly decreased, compared with pre-treatment values, following alternate day and daily vigabatrin administration. 5. Seizure frequency progressively decreased with decreasing dosing interval. Daily vigabatrin administration was associated with greater than 50% decrease in seizures in 8 of the 10 patients treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The application of WPSI to epilepsy patients.

Eighty-five epilepsy patients were questioned using the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI). It was confirmed that uncontrollable epilepsy patients had more severe psychosocial problems than other patients. WPSI was also useful in clinical work.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Serial changes of n-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography in two epileptic psychotics.

Serial changes of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in two epileptic psychotics are reported. One patient had a decreased blood flow of the left temporal lobe with schizophrenia-like symptoms, and the other patient had a decreased blood flow of the right temporal lobe with depressive symptoms. In each case, these abnormal findings disappeared following recovery from a psychotic state. It might be suggested that the psychotic state of an epileptic patient influences the SPECT findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Changes of seizures activity during rapid withdrawal of lamotrigine.

Quantitatively evaluating the rapid withdrawal effects of lamotrigine (LTG) and carbamazepine (CBZ) on seizure activity during pre-surgical evaluation in patients with pharmacoresistant complex partial epilepsy. The duration and frequency of seizure activities and electrographic seizure onset of 41 patients totally withdrawing from CBZ monotherapy (n = 20), LTG monotherapy (n = 10) and CBZ + LTG combined therapy (n = 11) were intensively studied by therapeutic intensive seizure analysis (TISA) method. Study phases ran from the baseline phase to the antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal phase until the AED free phase, 3 days for each phase. Seizure duration and frequency obviously increased during the withdrawal process in each group (P < 0.05). The duration of secondarily generalized clonic signs markedly increased with the tapering of each drug; tonic signs, however, only in the AED free phase (P < 0.05). The frequency of secondary tonic and clonic signs only increased in the CBZ and CBZ + LTG group. Intergroup comparisons of all variables were insignificant (P > 0.05). There was no change of ictal EEG localization during all withdrawal protocols. All patients experienced more severe seizures during the withdrawal processes. An earlier aggravation of the clonic signs than the tonic signs was observed in each group. Difference between the withdrawal effects of LTG and CBZ monotherapy and LTG + CBZ polytherapy was mainly in the frequency change of ictal signs. The withdrawal process did not influence the ictal EEG localization. This study justified the withdrawal in pre-surgical localization, rationalized precautions for possible accompanying risks, and also aroused attentions in clinical anticonvulsant trials and substitutions involving withdrawal process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Induction of c-fos mRNA expression by afterdischarge in the hippocampus of naive and kindled rats.

Periodic induction of focal electrical seizure [afterdischarge (AD)] is an absolute prerequisite for the development of kindling, an animal model of complex partial epilepsy. Once established, it is a permanent condition. The mechanism(s) that translate ADs, which last tens of seconds, into life-long alterations in the CNS is unclear. Cellular immediate-early genes have been implicated in the conversion of short-term stimuli to long-term alterations in cellular phenotypes by regulating target gene expression. We have investigated the contribution of one such early gene, c-fos, to this process. The relationship between ADs and expression of c-fos gene in the rat hippocampus, a key structure in kindling development, was studied by analysis of mRNA levels. The low constitutive expression of c-fos mRNA in the hippocampus was not altered by kindling. There was an "all-or-none" relationship between induction of c-fos and the duration of AD. The threshold for induction was approximately 30 s of AD. Above-threshold ADs induced c-fos in both naive and kindled animals to the same extent and with identical temporal profiles. Although the expression of c-fos is unchanged with kindling, c-fos may nonetheless contribute to many long-term changes of kindling, both adaptive and epileptogenic.

Animals↗