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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Delayed fetal development in two models of disturbed pregnancy of rats. Effect on mortality, body mass development, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary ammonium concentrations during the first week of extrauterine life.

To induce pregnancy disturbance, two models were used ("endotoxin-model" and "stress-model"), both causing decreased fetal body mass. Fetuses were delivered by Caesarean section in the morning of the 21st gestational day. Postnatal mortality rate during rearing for one week amounted to 12% in controls and was enhanced in the endotoxin- and stress-models (to approximately 25% and approximately 30%, respectively). During this period body mass gain of surviving pups was significantly delayed in the stress-model (approximately 140% of birth mass), compared with controls or pups of the endotoxin-model (160% and 155%, respectively). Additionally, decreased BUN concentrations were registered in newborns as well as 7-day-old pups of the stress-model. Urinary ammonium concentrations were not changed significantly. Possible alterations of metabolic processes in pups of the stress-model are discussed.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1996

Absence of correlation between reg and insulin gene expression in pancreas during fetal development.

The reg gene characterized in the exocrine pancreas has been found to be expressed in regenerating islets of 90% depancreatized rats and not in normal islets. In humans, it was identified only in the exocrine pancreas. Because the reg protein has been found to be related to islet cell replication and/or beta cell regeneration, we compared the expression of the reg gene with that of chymotrypsinogen of exocrine origin and insulin of endocrine origin. We investigated the expression of the three pancreatic genes in the fetal pancreas during human development using dot-blot analysis. The levels of expression of the corresponding mRNAs did not appear to undergo great changes between the 17th and the 29th wk of gestation. Nevertheless, the fetal mRNA levels for reg and chymotrypsinogen were below that of the adult, with very low levels of reg gene expression in more than half of the studied pancreases. In contrast, the insulin mRNA levels were significantly higher in fetal than in adult pancreases, suggesting that insulin may function as a growth factor during fetal development. Our results indicate that no correlation between reg and insulin gene expression exists in the fetal pancreas during the developmental period studied but, on the contrary, such a correlation was present in the adult pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Influence of in vitro systems on embryo survival and fetal development in cattle.

In vitro systems are commonly used for the production of bovine embryos. Comparisons between in vivo and in vitro produced embryos illustrate that the morphology of preimplantation-stage embryos differ significantly, the survival of embryos and fetuses is decreased, the size distributions of the populations of conceptuses and fetuses are altered throughout gestation, and placental development is significantly changed. Taken together these findings indicate that exposure to some in vitro environments during the first 7 days of life can profoundly influence fetal and placental development in cattle. An understanding of how in vitro oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization, and embryo culture systems influence both fetal and placental development should result in systems that consistently produce normal embryos, fetuses, and calves.

Animals↗