SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “GLUCOSE, RADIOACTIVE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Effect of Eimeria species on the appearance of radioactivity in the blood of chicks fed radio-labeled glucose or 3-0-methyl-D-glucose.

Results of five trials with four species of coccidia (Eimeria acervulina, E. necatrix, E. tenella, and E. brunetti) failed to demonstrate any interference with glucose absorption in the parasitized intestines of intact chick hosts. In addition, circulating blood radioactivity in severely parasitized chicks, as evidenced by weight gain data and intestinal lesion scores, was significantly higher than that in control chicks following oral administration of 14C-glucose or 3-0-methyl-D-14C-glucose at 6 days postinfection. During the recovery phase of the infection (14 to 21 days postinfection), severely infected chicks rapidly gained weight and the blood radioactivity of parasitized chicks was consistently higher than that of uninfected control chicks. No significant differences in weight or blood radioactivity were observed during the post-recovery period (28 to 35 days postinfection).

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Brain glucose utilization in undernourished rats.

The in vivo incorporation of radioactivity from [U-14C]glucose was reduced in undernourished rat pups at ages 6, 10, and 17 days for brain lipids, and at age 10 days for brain amino acids. Brain glucose concentrations were lower at age 20 days (controls 1.58 +/- 0.26 vs. test 1.14 +/- 0.07 mumol/g) but other alterations in brain glucose, glycogen, ATP, or phosphocreatine concentrations were not found. Brain mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity was 21% and 30% lower in undernourished animals at ages 10 and 20 days, respectively. Brain mitochondrial and supernatant isocitrate dehydrogenase activities and pyruvate kinase activity were similar for undernourished and control animals. Brain glycogen levels were 2-4 times higher in late fetal and newborn control animals (13.6 and 15.3 mumol/g) than in older animals (4.2-5.7 mumol/g). Brain glucose, ATP, and phosphocreatine levels increased from the 15-day fetus to the newborn, but thereafter showed no further increase.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1991

Variable expression of isotopic discrimination in metabolic flows.

Isotopic discrimination in reaction velocity may affect to a variable extent the estimation of metabolic flow when a metabolic intermediate is catabolized by two pathways with different degrees of discrimination. This was explored in erythrocytes exposed to 14C- or 3H-labelled D-glucose in the absence or presence of menadione. In the absence of menadione, when the pentose phosphate pathway accounted for only 5% of the D-glucose 6-phosphate turnover, the oxidation of C1-protonated or C1-deuterated D-[U-14C]glucose and D-[1-14C]glucose, mixed with the homologous non-radioactive D-[1-1H]glucose or D-[1-2H]glucose, indicated that, relative to the phosphorylation of the hexose, C1-deuterated D-glucose was less efficiently converted to 14CO2 than C1-protonated D-glucose. Moreover, in the absence of menadione, non-deuterated D-[U-14C]glucose and D-[1-14C]glucose were more efficiently oxidized in cells exposed to D-[1-2H]glucose rather than D-[1-1H]glucose. In the presence of menadione, which increased more than ten-fold the flow rate through the pentose phosphate pathway, the phenomenon of isotopic discrimination was either revealed or masked. These data indicate that the phenomenon of isotopic discrimination may indeed affect to a variable extent the estimation of a given metabolic flow.

Animals↗

PubMed1972

Physiological and biochemical changes associated with macroconidial germination in Microsporum gypseum.

A study was made of the metabolic processes associated with macroconidial germination in Microsporum gypseum. The optimum conditions for stimulation of endogenous respiration, changes in chemical composition as germination proceeds, and the uptake and synthetic fates of amino acids, glucose, and uracil were investigated. The assimilation and conversion of (14)C-glucose, (14)C-amino acids, and (14)C-uracil into the cell pool and into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material were studied during the early stages of germination (i.e., prior to germ-tube emergence). The macroconidia were not metabolically inert for any significant period of time after exposure to germination conditions. Rather, the spores rapidly assimilated all metabolites and slowly converted them into macromolecules. Investigations of the effect of inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis prior to germ-tube emergence and during early germ-tube elongation suggested significant changes in metabolism and cell permeability may be correlated with the emergence of germ tubes. Radioactivity of incorporated glucose was found to be associated largely with the lipid fractions of the macroconidia early in germination.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1991

Effect of lactation on gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in ovine hepatocytes.

1. Rates of glucose synthesis from radioactive precursors and ketogenesis were determined in hepatocytes from control and lactating sheep. 2. Gluconeogenesis from propionate was the same in both groups. Gluconeogenesis from lactate + pyruvate was three-fold higher in hepatocytes from lactating sheep. Palmitate stimulated gluconeogenesis from lactate + pyruvate in both groups. 3. Rates of ketogenesis from palmitate but not butyrate were slightly higher in hepatocytes from lactating sheep. No other differences in the metabolism of palmitate or butyrate were seen in the two groups. Exogenous carnitine stimulated ketogenesis from palmitate. Propionate inhibited ketogenesis from palmitate and butyrate. Lactate + pyruvate also inhibited ketogenesis slightly but stimulated oxidation and esterification. 4. It is concluded that the major changes in glucose and ketone production seen in the lactating ruminant are not the result of long-term changes within the hepatocyte but occur because of the changes in substrate supply to the liver and changes in intracellular concentrations of metabolites.

Animals↗

PubMed1968

The biosynthesis of intestinal mucins. The effect of salicylate on glycoprotein biosynthesis by sheep colonic and human gastric mucosal tissues in vitro.

1. Incubation of sheep colonic mucosal scrapings in Krebs-Ringer buffer for 2(1/2)hr. in the presence of salicylate (15mm) resulted in decreased incorporation of radioactivity into the epithelial glycoprotein from the following labelled precursors: 16.6mum-d-[2-(14)C]glucose (83.9% inhibition), 20mum-l-[U-(14)C]threonine (82%) and (35)SO(4) (2-)(79%). Oxygen uptake measured simultaneously was diminished to 41% of the control value. 2. At lower concentrations of salicylate (e.g. 3.75mm), incorporation of 20mum-l-[U-(14)C]threonine was little affected (3-6% inhibition), whereas utilization of 4mum-d-[U-(14)C]glucose and (35)SO(4) (2-) was inhibited (41-48% and 40-59% of the control values respectively). 3. Analysis of the papain-digested glycoprotein from tissue incubations with 16.6mum-d-[2-(14)C]glucose in the presence of salicylate (3.75mm) showed large decreases in labelling of N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycollylneuraminic acid residues (57% and 34% of the control values respectively) and of hexosamine constituents (glucosamine, 55% inhibition; galactosamine, 33% inhibition). Labelling of neutral sugars (galactose and fucose) was relatively little affected (9 and 11% inhibition respectively). 4. Glucose 6-phosphate transaminase and glucosamine 6-phosphate acetylase in particle-free enzyme preparations of the sheep tissue were unaffected by salicylate at the above concentrations. Acetyl-CoA synthetase was markedly inhibited. 5. Human gastric mucosa (from operation), on incubation as above, had in one experiment an oxygen consumption of 9.9mul./hr./mg. dry wt. of tissue and incorporated 5mum-d-[U-(14)C]glucose (15.8% of the total radioactivity added) into bound hexosamine (20.6% of the total radioactivity incorporated), hexoses (glucose and galactose, 5.7%) and fucose (14.2%). The presence of salicylate (15mm) decreased the incorporation of 5mum-d-[U-(14)C]glucose into the glycoprotein by 74%, all sugar constituents being affected, without influence on the rate of oxygen consumption. 6. The results suggest an inhibitory effect of salicylate on glycoprotein biosynthesis at the level of the amino sugar intermediates.

Acyltransferases↗

PubMed1998

Effects of gliquidone on D-glucose metabolism in rat pancreatic islets depend on hexose concentration.

The hypoglycemic sulfonylurea gliquidone, used at a 10 microM concentration, failed to affect the metabolism of D-glucose in rat pancreatic islets incubated in the presence of 5.6 mM, 8.3 mM or 16.7 mM D-glucose. However, at 2.8 mM D-glucose, gliquidone increased D-[U-14C]glucose oxidation while decreasing the utilization of D-[5-3H]glucose and generation of radioactive acidic metabolites and amino acids from D-[U-14C]glucose. These dissociated effects could conceivably be attributable, respectively, to activation of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase as a result of an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and to a subsequent inhibition of phosphofructokinase as a result of an increase in cytosolic ATP concentration. The effect of gliquidone on the paired ratio between D-[U-14C]glucose oxidation and D-[5-3H]glucose utilization was indeed duplicated by repaglinide and suppressed in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or at low temperature. The present findings thus provide a further illustration of the often contrasting effects of pharmacological and physiological insulinotropic agents on selected metabolic, cationic and functional variables in pancreatic islet cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Influence of pilocarpine pretreatment on (pro)insulin biosynthesis of isolated islets of rats.

3[H]-Leucine incorporation into (pro)insulin and insulin secretion was investigated using islets prepared by collagenase digestion from pancreata of rats pretreated with the cholimimetic agent pilocarpine or with saline (controls). Under the influence of pilocarpine pretreatment the [3H]-leucine incorporation into islet proteins with insulin immunoreactivity is enhanced at 6 mM glucose in the incubation medium of the islets but the incorporated radioactivity at 18 mM glucose is independent of the pretreatment of the animals. Only small or no changes were found regarding insulin secretion. It is concluded that an influence of pilocarpine pretreatment should be taken into consideration using such islets for studies on the regulation of (pro)insulin biosynthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Amiloride and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride inhibit medium acidification and glucose metabolism by the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We have investigated the mechanism by which amiloride and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) inhibit glucose-stimulated medium acidification in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The addition of glucose to an unbuffered suspension of cells results in the extrusion of acid. This process was inhibited by diethylstilbestrol (DES), an inhibitor of the H(+)-ATPase (IC50 71 microM), and also by amiloride (IC50 824 microM) and EIPA (IC50 203 microM). The presence of 100 mM NaCl reduced the degree of inhibition observed for amiloride and EIPA, but had no effect on inhibition by DES. N-Methylglucosamine partially protected the cells against the effect of amiloride, but choline chloride did not, suggesting that sodium may be important in the action of amiloride. To establish the site of action of amiloride and EIPA, ATP hydrolysis assays were performed on isolated plasma membranes. H(+)-ATPase activity was inhibited by orthovanadate, but not by amiloride or EIPA. However, both amiloride and EIPA were found to inhibit the incorporation of radioactivity from labelled glucose in S. pombe, with IC50 values of 879 and 272 microM for amiloride and EIPA respectively. Again, 100 mM NaCl was found to reduce the effectiveness of inhibition. Amiloride had no effect on the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose under the same conditions, indicating that amiloride does not inhibit the glucose transporter. We propose that amiloride and EIPA disrupt glucose-induced acidification by inhibiting glucose metabolism.

Amiloride↗

PubMed1994

Secretory, biosynthetic, respiratory, cationic, and metabolic responses of pancreatic islets to palmitate and oleate.

Palmitate and oleate (0.5 to 1.0 mM) caused a time- and concentration-related augmentation of insulin release evoked by D-glucose (6.0 to 16.7 mM) in rat isolated pancreatic islets. This contrasted with an inhibitory action of the fatty acids upon L-[4-3H]phenylalanine incorporation into TCA-precipitable material, but coincided with an increased biosynthesis of proinsulin relative to that of other islet peptides. The failure of palmitate to cause an immediate increase in insulin output at a low glucose concentration (6.0 mM) coincided with an unchanged rate of O2 uptake over a 10- to 15-min exposure to this fatty acid. Over prolonged incubation (90 min), however, both palmitate and oleate (1.0 mM) stimulated 45Ca net uptake by islets exposed to 6.0 mM D-glucose. Like their insulinotropic effect, the time course for the oxidation of [U-14C]palmitate and [U-14C]oleate was characterized by a progressive buildup in 14CO2 production rate. Moreover, palmitate and oleate decreased D-[5-3H]glucose conversion to 3HOH and D-[U-14C]glucose conversion to radioactive acidic metabolites over short (30 min) but not prolonged (120 min) incubation periods. The two fatty acids also interfered with the generation of 14CO2 from islets prelabeled with [U-14C]palmitate, but not L-[U-14C]glutamine. It is concluded that, at least during prolonged exposure to either palmitate or oleate, the secretory, cationic, and metabolic response to these fatty acids displays features comparable to those usually found in islets stimulated by nutrient secretagogues.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effects of early chronic diazepam treatment on incorporation of glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate into cerebral amino acids: relation to undernutrition.

The effects of early chronic diazepam (DZP) exposure on blood glucose and ketone body concentration and glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta HB) utilization for regional cerebral amino acid biosynthesis were studied in suckling rats. The animals were treated from postnatal day 2 (P2) to 21 (P21) by a daily subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg DZP or of the dissolution vehicle and studied at P5, P10, P14 and P21, together with an additional group of food-restricted rats obtained by an increase in litter size. DZP treatment induced a 9-26% decrease in body and brain weight. Undernutrition decreased body weight by 20-24% at all ages whereas brain weight was relatively spared. DZP and N-desmethyldiazepam concentrations decreased with age and were cleared from brain and plasma by 6-8 hrs after the injection. DZP decreased plasma glucose concentrations by 6-12% at P5, P14 and P21, whereas undernutrition did not change plasma glucose concentrations, except for a 7% decrease at P14. DZP treatment had no consequences on circulating concentrations of both ketone bodies while undernutrition increased their concentration by 45-362% at all ages. The conversion of [14C]glucose into cerebral amino acids was reduced by DZP at P5 and P10. The cerebral concentration of neurotransmitter amino acids was not affected by DZP treatment which only increased the amount of neutral amino acids mainly in the cerebellum at P5 and P10. After [U-14C]glucose injection, specific radioactivities of cerebral amino acids were mostly decreased by DZP from P5 to P14 and significantly increased at P21. With [3-14C] beta HB as a precursor, specific radioactivities of neurotransmitter amino acids were increased by DZP. In conclusion, P5 and P10 rats appear to be most sensitive to DZP effects whereas some tolerance to the drug seems to develop by P21. The lack of effects of DZP on blood ketone body concentrations compared to food restriction as well as the relative sparing of brain weight in undernourished rats confirms that the cerebral metabolic consequences of early DZP exposure on brain energy metabolism are mostly direct effects not mediated by sedation-induced undernutrition.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗

PubMed1975

Adenine nucleotides in the secretory granule fraction of rat islets.

Concomitant with glucose-induced insulin release, there occurred an increase of ATP from 4.40 plus or minus 0.21 to 23.16 plus or minus 0.52 pmol/100 islets/min (P less than 0.001) in the effluent from perifused rat islets. There is a linear relationship between circulating ATP and insulin levels both in the stimulated and basal state (r = 0.689, P less than 0.01). Islets incubated with labeled adenine for a short period of time (37.5 min) showed no release of radioactivity upon subsequent glucose-induced insulin release. Islets incubated for a prolonged interval with labeled adenine (150 min) showed an increase in acid soluble radioactivity in the effluent during glucose-induced insulin release. Following incubation of the islets with labeled adenine for 150 min, approximately 5% of the homogenate radioactivity was found in the secretory granules. Using column chromatography to separate the adenine nucleotides, the distribution of radioactivity among the various nucleotides in the secretory granule fraction was found to be: AMP 54.42 plus or minus 4.96%, ADP 14.20 plus or minus 1.63%, ATP 15.39 plus or minus 3.84%, and cAMP 16.07 plus or minus 2.11%. The distribution of radioactivity in the effluent adenine nucleotides after glucose-induced insulin release was: AMP 32.83 plus or minus 4.62%, ADP 24.52 plus or minus 2.77%, ATP 28.13 plus or minus 5.45%, and cAMP 26.01 plus or minus 3.34%. The absolute levels of adenine nucleotides in the secretory granules were ATP 4.19 plus or minus 0.88, ATP madp 7.94 plus or minus 2.20 and cAMP 4.46 plus or minus 1.74 pmol/ug prot. The levels in the islet effluent were ATP, 15.30 plus or minus 2.70, ATP qDP, 29.43 plus or minus 3.49 and cAMP 7.66 plus or minus 1.93 pmol/100 islets/min for the first ten min of glucose-stimulated insulin release. Thereafter there was a rapid decline in effluent cAMP while ATP and ADP remained in essentially equivalent amounts. The distribution of radioactivity and absolute levels of the adenine nucleotides in the effluent reflects that found in the secretory granules, confirming previous observations that insulin release is occurring by exocytosis.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMed1991

[Phagocyte function in uremic patients].

Phagocytosis is the process where specific cells, phagocytes, ingest foreign material, include it in a cytoplasmatic vacuole, called phagosome, and destroy it. The function of phagocytosis in the immune response has been underevaluated for a very long time. Phagocytosis however, appears to be more and more important in our defense against infection and cancer. The uremic patient presents a well known and increased tendency for infectious disease as well as an increased incidence of cancer. Modern methodology for investigation of phagocytic function consists of: 1. measuring the respiratory burst during phagocytosis; by examining the radio-active CO2 production during the glucose metabolization of phagocytosis. 2. During the chemical reaction of the respiratory burst light is produced. This chemiluminescence can be measured in a Lumetron. In uremia the registration of that chemiluminescence can however be disturbed by the presence of uremic toxins, acting as scavengers of free radicals. 3. Measurement of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor production during phagocytosis. In the present study, we investigated glucose metabolization and radioactive CO2 production without stimulation and after a challenge with Latex, Zymosan or Staphylococcus Aureus. All tests have been performed on 50 microliter whole blood samples. The following uremic situations have been investigated: 1. Several degrees of increasing renal failure. 2. First weeks of hemodialysis maintenance treatment. 3. Hemodialysis session. 4. Course of hemodialysis maintenance treatment. 5. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and renal transplantation. 6. Changes after chemical stimulation by a cephalosporin (cefodizime (R)). The Authors report their detailed results of these investigations and conclude as follows: --uremia is a prototype of acquired immune deficiency. --Contact with bio-incompatible membranes during hemodialysis is disastrous for phagocytosis. --Other toxins than the classical urea or creatinine are apparently responsible for the phagocytic disturbances. --Stimulations of phagocytosis with medication such as the cephalosporin, Cefodizime(R) (Hoechst) is possible.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed1985

Determination of gluconeogenesis in vivo with 14C-labeled substrates.

A mitochondrial model of gluconeogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, where pyruvate is metabolized via pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase is examined. The effect of the rate of tricarboxylic acid flux and the rates of the three reactions of pyruvate metabolism on the labeling patterns from [14C]pyruvate and [24C]acetate are analyzed. Expressions describing the specific radioactivities and 14C distribution in glucose as a function of these rates are derived. Specific radioactivities and isotopic patterns depend markedly on the ratio of the rates of pyruvate carboxylation and decarboxylation to the rate of citrate synthesis, but the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate hydrolysis is minor. The effects of these rates on 1) specific radioactivity of phosphoenolpyruvate, 2) labeling pattern in glucose, and 3) contribution of pyruvate, acetyl-coenzyme A, and CO2 to glucose carbon are illustrated. To determine the contribution of lactate or alanine to gluconeogenesis, experiments with two compounds labeled in different carbons are required. Methods in current use to correct for the dilution of 14C in gluconeogenesis from [14C]pyruvate are shown to be erroneous. The experimental design and techniques to determine gluconeogenesis from 14C-labeled precursors are presented and illustrated with numerical examples.

Alanine↗

PubMed1994

A simple method for measuring glucose utilization of insulin-sensitive tissues by using the brain as a reference.

A simple method, without measurement of the plasma input function, to obtain semiquantitative values of glucose utilization in tissues other than the brain with radioactive deoxyglucose is reported. The brain, in which glucose utilization is essentially insensitive to plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, was used as an internal reference. The effects of graded doses of oral glucose loading (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/g body weight) on insulin-sensitive tissues (heart, muscle and fat tissue) were studied in the rat. By using the brain-reference method, dose-dependent increases in glucose utilization were clearly shown in all the insulin-sensitive tissues examined. The method seems to be of value for measurement of glucose utilization using radioactive deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography in the heart or other insulin-sensitive tissues, especially during glucose loading.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1985

Effects of exogenous insulin on placental transfer of maternal glucose to the rat fetus.

There is controversy concerning the possible modulation of glucose transfer to the fetus by insulin acting on the maternal side of the placenta. To study this question, 20.5 day pregnant rats were infused simultaneously with (U-14C)-D-glucose (via the jugular vein) and with different doses of insulin (via the left uterine artery) so that placentas from the left uterine horn were exposed to a higher insulin concentration than those from the right uterine horn. Placentas and fetuses from each uterine side were processed separately. No differences were detected in total blood radioactivity, plasma-14C-glucose, -14-C-lactate, -glucose, or -radioimmunoassayable insulin in fetuses from the left versus the right uterine horn. Total placenta radioactivity and 14C-glycogen were also similar in the left and right uterine sides at all insulin doses studied. Infusion of insulin (66 mU/min) to the pregnant rat caused hyperinsulinaemia and hypoglycaemia, decreased blood total radioactivity and plasma 14C-glucose, and increased plasma 14C-lactate in the mother. The level of fetal plasma 14C-glucose paralleled that of the mother. It is concluded that in the rat, placental glucose uptake, its transfer to the fetus, and fetal glucose utilization are not directly affected by maternal circulating insulin. Metabolic changes occurring in fetuses of hyperinsulinaemic mothers are secondary to the decreased availability of glucose.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of solid waste for fuel gas production.

Anaerobic digestion offers a potential means of converting organic solid waste into fuel gas and thereby provide a supplemental and readily utilizable source of energy. We are particularly interested in the use of thermophilic digestion over a mesophilic operation for it can achieve higher rates of digestion, greater conversion of waste organics to gas, faster solid-liquid separation, and minimization of bacterial and viral pathogen accumulation. Our results comparing mesophilic (37 degree C) and thermophilic (65 degree C) anaerobic digestion of domestic solid waste confirm the increased rate and conversion of waste to methane. In addition, utilizing radioactive labeling of glucose and acetic acid, we have measured the volumetric rates of volatile acid production and disappearance under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1978

Biosynthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycoproteins: nature of some participating glycolipids.

A particulate membrane preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzed the incorporation of mannose from GDP-mannose into lipids that were extractable in chloroform-methanol. One lipid has been previously characterized as dolichyl phosphomannose. Another one was purified by chromatography on silicic acid, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex LH-20 was found to be alkali unstable. The lipid moiety was shown to be dolichol and the glycosydic part contained mannose, glucose and glucosamine. Radioactive mannose was also incorporated at a slower rate into more polar compounds. They were soluble in chloroform-methanol-water and were seen to liberate neutral oligosaccharides after alkaline hydrolysis. Radioactive mannose was also incorporated into substances which behave chemically as glycoproteins since they were insoluble in organic solvents, water and trichloroactic acid. Pronase treatment of the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material released water-soluble oligosaccharides. When the particulate preparation which had been extracted with chloroform-methanol at-20 C, was incubated with GDP-(U-14C)mannose, radioactivity was incorporated into glycolipids that were soluble in chloroform-methanol-water and into glycoproteins. This result suggests that at least part of the mannose was transferred to endogenous acceptors independent of dolichyl phosphomannose.

Cell-Free System↗