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Results for “INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE”

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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Anterior capsular shrinkage and intraocular pressure reduction after capsulorhexis.

A significantly lower intraocular pressure level was found 2 months after in-the-bag implantation of 4 different posterior-chamber lenses in a consecutive series of operations involving 401 eyes. The anterior capsular opening was achieved with either an intact continuous circular capsulorhexis (349) or a capsulorhexis with one radial tear (52). The typical shrinkage of the anterior capsule following a continuous capsulorhexis was hypothesized to be an essential part of the pressure-lowering mechanism by traction on the ciliary body via the zonula. However, a direct correlation between the degree of anterior capsular shrinkage and the degree of pressure reduction in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes could not be established. The reduction was equal in all shrinkage subgroups. Thus, the most likely explanation for intraocular pressure reduction after intracapsular implantation should be sought not in mechanical but in non-mechanical (i.e. biochemical) alterations and influences.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

The effect of topical dihydroergocristine on the intraocular pressure in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits.

Having previously reported that topical dihydroergocristine dose-dependently reduces intraocular pressure in ocular normotensive rabbits with a maximum response and potency higher than those of timolol and pilocarpine, the aim of the present work was to assess the effect of this drug in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits. Intraocular pressure was measured with a pneumatonometer. The experiments examining the effects of dihydroergocristine on intraocular pressure were conducted in 10 albino rabbits in which ocular hypertension was induced by intracameral injection of alpha-chymotrypsin. Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and 5 different doses of topical dihydroergocristine were studied in order to obtain a dose-response curve. Tonographies were also performed in ocular hypertensive rabbits 2 h after vehicle and dihydroergocristine instillation to ascertain the actions of this drug on aqueous humor dynamics. Topical dihydroergocristine was found to lower intraocular pressure in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits in a dose-related manner, with the ED50 of the concentration-response curve very similar to that previously obtained in ocular normotensive rabbits. Data from tonographic studies indicate that dihydroergocristine reduces intraocular pressure in this animal model for glaucoma by decreasing the aqueous humor inflow. Our findings suggest that topical dihydroergocristine may be useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1986

Intraocular pressure elevation after pupillary dilation in open angle glaucoma.

Acute elevation of intraocular pressure frequently follows pupillary dilation in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. A retrospective study of 60 patients (116 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma was done to assess the frequency and severity of intraocular pressure elevation following dilation with 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine) and 1% tropicamide (Mydriacyl). Significant pressure elevation (greater than 5 mm Hg) occurred in 37 eyes (32%). Marked pressure elevation (greater than 10 mm Hg) occurred in 14 eyes (12%). The only significant risk factor found was treatment with miotics. The change of intraocular pressure one hour after dilation was compared with the one-hour postoperative change in intraocular pressure in those patients (12 patients, 18 eyes) who subsequently underwent argon laser trabeculoplasty. No statistically significant correlation was found. There is a potential hazard of routine dilation of eyes with open angle glaucoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Effects of exercise on intraocular pressure in physically fit subjects.

1. Several studies have shown that exercise reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in sedentary subjects, but the effects of exercise in physically fit subjects are not fully known. Accordingly, the present study was planned to investigate the effects of exercise on intraocular pressure in physically fit subjects after elimination of those factors that can affect intraocular pressure and have been neglected by previous studies. 2. Thirty-two sedentary males of the same age group were categorized equally into control and experimental groups. Intraocular pressures were measured during and after exercise with the Goldmann applanation tonometer. The experimental group took a supervised exercise programme of 3 months duration. Physical fitness was evaluated by the measurements of maximum oxygen uptake. Each subject was tested twice by the same exercise protocol at an interval of 3 months. 3. After 3 months, resting IOP values decreased by 0.31 +/- 0.11 (P < 0.05) and 1.37 +/- 0.15 mmHg (P < 0.001) in control and experimental groups, respectively. The acute decreases following the first exercise test were 4.18 +/- 0.41 and 4.38 +/- 0.47 mmHg, while after 3 months these values were 4.12 +/- 0.45 and 2.69 +/- 0.28 mmHg in control and experimental groups, respectively. After exercise conditioning, the mean recovery time was reduced by 43.03%. 4. The results are relevant to planning trials in glaucoma. Physical fitness reduces IOP and causes significant attenuation in the IOP response to physical exercise. It would seem reasonable at present not to discourage patients who have glaucoma from light exercise; perhaps, on the contrary, it should be encouraged.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Decrease of intraocular pressure after subconjunctival injection of mitomycin in human glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a subconjunctival injection of mitomycin on the intraocular pressure in human eyes affected by glaucoma. DESIGN: Consecutive case series, prospective study, intraocular pairwise comparison (paired samples Student's t test adopted). SETTING: Hospital-based glaucoma clinic. PATIENTS: Twelve consecutive patients with bilateral glaucoma and monolateral blindness, intraocular pressure greater than 30 mm Hg in the blind eye (mean of the two highest values of the diurnal curve, confirmed at 96-hour interval), and no previous bulbar surgery. INTERVENTION: Subconjunctival injection of 0.5 mL of 0.2% mitomycin in the upper temporal quadrant, preceded and followed by treatment with topical indomethacin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Analysis of the variance of the mean intraocular pressure before and after the injection of mitomycin in each eligible eye. RESULTS: An intraocular pressure decrease was observed in each eligible eye the day after the treatment (mean [+/- SD] decrease, 7.15 +/- 1.46 mm Hg). The effect was still detectable at the end of the 60 days of follow-up (mean [+/- SD] decrease, 5.67 +/- 1.61 mm Hg). No change of intraocular pressure, in the meantime, was observed in the fellow eye. CONCLUSIONS: Topically applied mitomycin induces a decrease of intraocular pressure in human glaucomatous eyes. Our data confirm previous results obtained in albino rabbits and support the hypothesis that mitomycin exerts a still unknown direct effect on aqueous humor dynamics in the eye.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Intraocular pressure following aphakic transplants.

Timolol maleate produced no significant difference in the initial mean intraocular pressure after keratoplasty using disparate-sized grafts (7.5 mm recipient, 8.0 mm donor). However, timolol did significantly reduce the number of eyes with an intraocular pressure elevation greater than 24 mm Hg. A series of patients with equal-sized donor and recipient cuts (8.0 mm) had initial intraocular pressure of 19.6 mm Hg. The normal intraocular pressure in these patients is thought to be due to superficial suturing, thereby preventing angle distortion.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Intraocular pressure after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation--sulcus versus capsular bag fixation].

BACKGROUND: In this retrospective study the postoperative alteration of intraocular pressure after cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation was analyzed statistically. The influence on intraocular pressure between different positions of the loops (sulcus versus bag) was compared. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The posterior chamber lens implantation was performed on 267 eyes with 129 sulcus implanted and 138 in-the-bag implanted intraocular lenses. The average age of the patients was 74.8 respectively 71.9 years, with an equal ratio of sex. In surgery the viscoelastic experimentation of the nucleus was done via corneoscleral cut. A x-crossed suture sealed the corneoscleral wound followed by subconjunctival injection of corticosteroids. The postoperative medication for 4-6 weeks consisted of a corticosteroid and antibiotic combination. RESULTS: The average intraocular pressure of the sulcus implanted respectively in the bag implanted intraocular lenses increased from 15.4 mm Hg respectively 15.9 mm Hg preoperatively to 16.3 respectively 15.8 mm Hg at the first postoperative day. After two months the intraocular pressure decreased to 14.6 respectively 14.1 mm Hg. That means a pre- to postoperative difference of -0.8 respectively -1.8 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: In summary both groups showed a slight decrease in average intraocular pressure after two months. In comparison to the sulcus implanted intraocular lens the decrease of intraocular pressure was more than 1 mm Hg in case of the in the bag implanted lens. This decrease was statistically significant but may be considered of less clinical interest.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Behavior of intraocular pressure according to cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic effects induced by desflurane in dogs subjected to experimental hypovolemia].

PURPOSE: To observe the behavior of intraocular pressure according to the cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic effects induced by desflurane in dogs subjected to experimental hypovolemia. METHODS: Eighteen healthy male and female mongrel dogs, weighing between 10 and 15 kg were used. Hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of 40 ml blood/kg body weight. Then anesthesia was induced with desflurane by mask until tracheal intubation was permitted. Intraocular pressure was measured with applanation tonometry. Heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, end-tidal concentration of CO2 and respiratory rate were recorded. Parameters were registered after animal instrumentation and before any procedure in the awake dogs (T0), fifteen minutes after experimental hemorrhage induction (T45), and after thirty minutes of desflurane anesthesia (T75). RESULTS: Intraocular pressure presented direct correlation only with pressure and end-tidal concentration of CO2. CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to establish a correlation between alterations of mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure and intraocular pressure and there was a direct relationship between values of intraocular pressure and values of exhaled CO2.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1986

Sustained increases in intraocular pressure during strabismus surgery.

We measured intraoperative intraocular pressure in nine eyes of six patients, 34 to 55 years old, undergoing rectus muscle recession or resections and found sustained intraocular pressures of 77 to 84 mm Hg in the five eyes (three patients) affected by thyroid ophthalmopathy. Smaller increases were noted in the four eyes without muscle restrictions.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

The canine eye: in vitro studies of the intraocular pressure and facility of aqueous outflow.

Possible interdependence of facility of aqueous outflow and intraocular pressure was examined by quantitative aqueous perfusion at four levels of intraocular pressure in 69 canine eyes, freshly excised post-mortem. Statistically similar, time-dependent increases in facility of outflow occurred over steps of increasing and decreasing, and at constant intraocular pressue. Pretreatment with intracameral hyaluronidase diminished the rate of facility increase, reducing it to 20% or less in one third of the eyes so perfused. Observed increases in canine facility of outflow with changing intraocular pressure appeared to result primarily from "washout" of the hyaluronidase-sensitive component of the barriers to aqueous outflow and not from direct effects of the intraocular pressure.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Increased intraocular pressure induced by repository corticosteroids.

Twelve patients (14 eyes) had intraocular pressure elevations induced by repository coritcosteroids. The duration and severity of the resulting pressure elevations were directly related to the decreasing solubility of the agent employed. Ten patitens had received intensive topical corticosteroids before injection, resulting in no intraocular pressure elevations during that period. Two patients who developed marked intraocular pressure elevations after repository corticosteroid injection did not manifest a positive response on subsequent topical corticosteroid testing.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of apraclonidine versus dorzolamide on intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride and 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure elevation in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Seventy-five patients were randomized to receive either 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride, 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride, or artificial tears immediately after uncomplicated phacoemulsification. Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer 1 to 3 hours preoperatively and 24 hours and 5 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure measured at 24 hours and 5 days after surgery was not significantly different between groups. None of the patients had an elevated intraocular pressure of 30 mm Hg or higher. No marked difference was observed in patient age, preoperative intraocular pressure, mean ultrasound time, degree of nuclear hardness, and amount of postoperative intraocular inflammation between groups. CONCLUSION: Uneventful phacoemulsification involving meticulous cortical and viscoelastic removal does not cause a significant increase in intraocular pressure 24 hours following surgery.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗

PubMed1990

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and intraocular pressure.

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is a stroke syndrome of the distal optic nerve, characterised by disc oedema and optic nerve dysfunction--loss of central vision, loss of colour vision, a relative afferent pupillary defect, and nerve fibre layer field loss. We prospectively evaluated the changes of intraocular pressure throughout the day in 16 patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and 15 normal control subjects of similar age and race. The peak intraocular pressure exceeded 21 mm Hg in five of the ischaemic optic neuropathy patients but none of the controls. The mean peak intraocular pressure was 19.9 mm Hg for the ischaemic optic neuropathy group versus 17.6 mm Hg for controls (p = 0.034). The range of intraocular pressure was also greater for the ischaemic optic neuropathy group (p = 0.030). Eight of 16 ischaemic optic neuropathy patients had a range of intraocular pressure of 6 mm Hg or more, compared with three of 15 control subjects. The intraocular pressure exceeded 21 mm Hg during a subsequent visit in two additional patients in whom the hourly determined intraocular pressure peaked at less than 21 mm Hg. Thus, seven of 16 of our ischaemic optic neuropathy group had an intraocular pressure exceeding 21 mm Hg during the study period. Raised intraocular pressure may be a predisposing factor in some patients who develop anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Effect of acetylcholine on intraocular pressure following small-incision cataract surgery.

40 patients, who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a polyHema intraocular lens (IOGEL-1103) were assigned to two groups. After evacuation of Healon from the capsular bag behind the lens and the anterior chamber, either 0.5 ml of 1% acetylcholine chloride or 0.5 ml of balanced salt solution was injected into the anterior chamber. When compared with preoperative values, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) 6 h postoperatively was unchanged in the acetylcholine group (0 +/- 8.5 mm Hg) but increased in the control group (+4.1 +/- 7.4 mm Hg). 18 h postoperatively, the mean intraocular pressure slightly decreased in the acetylcholine group (-0.5 +/- 6.1 mm Hg) compared with an increase of +1.4 +/- 4.4 mm Hg in the control group. Intraocular pressure exceeding 25 mm Hg was observed at 6 h in 2 (10%) patients of the acetylcholine group and in 4 (20%) of the control group. At 18 h, intraocular pressure was elevated in only 1 (5%) patient of the acetylcholine group and in 3 (15%) of the control group. From these results, we conclude that the evacuation of Healon from the capsular bag behind the implanted lens and acetylcholine reduce the incidence of postoperative elevations of intraocular pressure.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed2003

Presence of diadenosine polyphosphates in the aqueous humor: their effect on intraocular pressure.

Adenine dinucleotides are present in many biological systems and may serve as physiological regulators of processes such as neurotransmitter release, vascular tone or corneal hydration. The presence of diadenosine polyphosphates was investigated in New Zealand White rabbit aqueous humor. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) were identified and quantified in the aqueous humor with concentrations of 0.34 +/- 0.1 and 0.08 +/- 0.01 microM, respectively. The effects of topical corneal application of diadenosine pyrophosphate (Ap2A), diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A), Ap4A, and Ap5A on intraocular pressure in rabbits were also studied. Ap2A, Ap3A, and Ap5A increased intraocular pressure with threshold doses of approximately 0.1 to 1.0 micro g. 10 microl(-1). Ap4A decreased intraocular pressure with an IC50 value of 0.12 micro g. 10 microl(-1) (or 0.13 nmol). Cross-desensitization studies suggested the activation of a P2X receptor for the hypotensive effect of Ap4A and a P2Y receptor in the case of Ap5A. The ATP receptor antagonists (all 100 micro g. 10 microl(-1)), pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS), suramin, and reactive blue 2 (RB-2) alone had no effect on intraocular pressure but attenuated responses to diadenosine polyphosphates by approximately 80%. It is concluded that Ap2A, Ap3A, and Ap5A increase intraocular pressure, and Ap4A decreases intraocular pressure via mechanisms that involve P2 receptors, and that Ap4A present in aqueous humor may serve to regulate intraocular pressure. Furthermore, we suggest that topical application of Ap4A to the cornea has therapeutic potential for lowering intraocular pressure, a major risk factor for glaucoma.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMed1999

[Continuous intraocular pressure measurement over several days with the Codman Microsensor--a case report].

BACKGROUND: In eyes with irregular corneal surface (e.g. following bullous keratopathy, irregular astigmatism, edema or scars and following perforating keratoplasty), applanation tonometry often cannot be performed or results do not correlate with the clinical findings. In these cases, intraocular measurement of intraocular pressure is necessary. By puncturing of the anterior chamber, single measurements can be done for a short time period. Data of the course of intraocular pressure for a long period of time can not be assessed by this method. We report on two patients whom we implanted a continuously measuring probe into the anterior chamber for up to 96 hours instead of puncturing the anterior chamber. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A neurosurgical micro sensor (CODMAN, Norderstedt) was placed into the anterior chamber via a 1.2 mm wide and 4 mm long scleral tunnel. The data were transmitted to the ICP Express Display Monitor (CODMAN, Norderstedt) and displayed. From there, the data were transmitted to the multifunctional monitor DINAMAP Plus 8720 (CRITIKON, Norderstedt). After analog-digital transformation, the data were recorded on a personal computer with Pentium processor for analysis (patient #1: one measurement per minute, patient #2: one measurement per 10 seconds). In the first patient, implantation of the probe was indicated by enormous deviation of applanation tonometric measurements (12 to 20 mmHg) from the measurement results with the finger tips (25 to 30 mmHg). Clinical findings correlated to the higher intraocular pressure. Due to a decompensation of the corneal transplant, a re-keratoplasty was necessary. Within this operation, the micor sensor for continuous measurement of the intraocular pressure was implanted. The probe was explanted the next day. In the second patient, an primary chronical open-angle glaucoma in both eyes was known. In 1997, corneal transplantation has been performed in both eyes due to corneal dystrophy. Postoperatively, intraocular pressure stayed high. Applanation tonometry gave measurements of 16 to 20 mmHg although the measurement results with the finger tips exceeded 30 mmHg. To find out the real intraocular pressure and to have a basis for a rational therapy, we implanted the intraocular measurement probe for five days to determine the intraocular pressure at night and day. After measuring the baseline values, the efficiency of several antiglaucomatous drugs was tested to find out the drugs with the highest effect to prescribe it to the patient after the removal of measuring probe. RESULTS: The intraocular measurement with the CODMAN micro sensor could confirm in both patients that the measurements by applanation tonometry were wrongly too low. The measurement results with finger tips were confirmed by the intraocular measuring. The data had essential implications for the patients. Meanwhile, in both patients pressure lowering surgery was performed. The probe did not cause intraocular problems (1 day respectively 5 days). An irritation of the anterior chamber did not appear. In the first patient, the measuring probe moved from its position with following external filtration. So the probe was explanted only the next day. A movement of the probe tip can be avoided be appropriate subconjunctival suture fixation. CONCLUSION: Continuous measuring and recording of the intraocular pressure may be indicated, if applanation tonometry gives unreliable or even wrong results. Via a long scleral tunnel, a water-proof implantation into the anterior chamber is possible. Because a postoperative irritation could not be seen, we think that the probe only causes a minor falsification of the intraocular pressure. The described pressure measuring system allows measuring intraocular pressure continuously and assessing the individual effect of different antiglaucomatous drugs. Before using the probe as routine procedure, some improvements are necessary, e.g. smaller tip of the probe. The transmission wire to the

Anterior Chamber↗

PubMed2002

Effect of different doses of cisatracurium on intraocular pressure in sedated patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the course of intraocular pressure after relaxation with different doses of cisatracurium. METHODS: The investigation was carried out as a prospective, randomized double-blind study in a crossover design in 30 postoperative patients with stable haemodynamic and respiratory function (ASA I and II). To exclude any disrupting factors, patients remained intubated and continuously sedated. Twenty patients received an intubation dose (2 x ED95) of cisatracurium (0.1 mg kg(-1)) compared with atracurium (0.5 mg kg(-1)). In a second series, 10 patients were given an effective dose, ED95 (0.05 mg kg(-1)), and a repeat dose (0.02 mg kg(-1)) of cisatracurium. The intraocular pressure was determined before (T0) as well as 1 (T1), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), 20 (T20) and 45 (T45) min after bolus administration. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure decreased after an intubation dose of either cisatracurium or atracurium, and reached a minimum after 10 min (6.7 +/- 2.2 and 7.9 +/- 2.1 mmHg, respectively). There was no significant difference between either muscle relaxant (P = 0.27). When lower doses of cisatracurium (0.05 and 0.02 mg kg(-1)) were applied, the intraocular pressure also decreased, albeit to a lesser extent and with a delayed onset (8.4 +/- 1.9 mmHg after 10 min, 9.9 +/- 3.4 mmHg after 15 min). There was no significant difference between dosages (p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Cisatracurium is a useful drug in patients when a decrease of intraocular pressure is wanted and where muscle relaxation is necessary and acceptable.

Atracurium↗

PubMed2003

Sex-related difference in intraocular pressure in healthy young subjects.

Sex-related differences in intraocular pressures of the right and left eye was studied in 64 men and 61 women, all young and right-handed. Intraocular pressures of the right and left eye were higher for women than men. Sex-related difference in intraocular pressure may be associated with presence of the sex hormone, oestrogen, in women which reduces sympathetic activity.

Adolescent↗