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Results for “IONTOPHORESIS”

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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Iontophoresis of lysophosphatidic acid into rabbit cornea induces HSV-1 reactivation: evidence that neuronal signaling changes after infection.

PURPOSE: Lysophosphatidic acid induces neurite retraction; it is also present in tears and aqueous humor. We determined whether lysophosphatidic acid induces HSV-1 reactivation in latently infected rabbits and whether the nerve growth associated protein GAP-43 undergoes posttranslational modification during the course of HSV-1 infection. METHODS: Rabbits were infected with HSV-1 and acute infection was documented by slit lamp examination. Corneas of latently infected rabbits were treated with lysophosphatidic acid or lysophosphatidylserine (structurally similar but lacking biological potency). For application to the cornea, these compounds were impregnated into collagen shields, applied as topical drops, or iontophoresed. In another experiment, corneas of latently infected rabbits were either untreated or treated iontophoretically with lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine, or saline. Ocular swabs detected shedding of infectious virus. Western blot and immunoprecipitation identified GAP-43 in corneal extracts and densitometry of silver-stained isoelectric focusing gels measured changes in GAP-43 isoform abundance. RESULTS: Iontophoresis of lysophosphatidic acid induced HSV-1 shedding more frequently than lysophosphatidylserine or saline. Viral shedding induced by collagen shield and topical drop administration was low and not significantly different for lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylserine. Five discrete GAP-43 isoforms predominated in the IEF gels. Most abundant were the pI 4.7 band in uninfected cornea and the pI 5.05 band in latently-infected cornea. Compared to latently-infected cornea, there was no significant change in isoform abundance 1 h after lysophosphatidic acid iontophoresis, but 24 and 72 h later, the pI 5. 05 band was diminished. CONCLUSIONS: Lysophosphatidic acid can induce HSV-1 reactivation and changes in GAP-43 pI suggest that posttranslational modifications, possibly related to phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation, are occurring during HSV-1 latency and after LPA is iontophoretically applied to the cornea. How lysophosphatidic acid-induced signaling, HSV-1 reactivation, and GAP-43 pI are related remains to be determined.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Considerations on pulsoplethysmographic changes in fingers due to iontophoresis with methacholine in subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon.

This paper presents a study of plethysmographic changes induced by methacholine (a derivative of acetylcholine) administered via iontophoresis in a population of 41 young women with apparently primary Raynaud's disease. All patients presented with a very clear statistically significant sphygmic increment, obviously connected with the vasodilatation caused by methacholine. Moreover, in nearly half of the 23 cases whose reaction to passive postural variations was successively examined by plethysmography, the district circulatory response was characterised by persistent neurogenous vasoconstriction due to methacholine or by inadequate vasomotor EDRF mediated modulation. The authors believe that their findings serve as further evidence of the pathogenetic mechanisms of Raynaud's disease. This is because they highlight the role played by "balance of vessel motility" which would guarantee district circulatory homeostasis. Concrete proof thus corroborates well known indirect evidence that a pathological vasospasm can be triggered and persist when two fundamental conditions are met: a) intense vasoconstriction initially of neurological origin and successively reinforced by biohumoural synergic stimuli; b) the breakdown of the capacity for EDRF mediated intrinsic vasomotor modulation. It is suggested that the prevalence of one or the other factor would lead to a variety of clinical pictures denoting vascular acrosyndromes of this type. The ability to single out such clinical pictures by adding the iontophoresis test with methacholine to routine screening procedures for the presence of Raynaud's disease, would allow physicians to make more accurate diagnosis and improve therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Iontophoresis of dexamethosone-phosphate into the equine tibiotarsal joint.

In human rehabilitation medicine, dexamethasone-phosphate is theoretically iontophoresed to localized subcutaneous tissue where conversion to dexamethasone occurs. This delivery system has recently been introduced into veterinary medicine for the same purpose. However, the pharmacokinetic justification for parenteral delivery of this prodrug remains undocumented. Utilizing iontophoretic methods that are relevant to both human and veterinary clinical practice, the present investigation compared injection and iontophoresis of dexamethasone-phosphate into the equine tibiotarsal joint, also known as the tarsocrual joint. The tibiotarsal joints of seven horses were injected with 4 mL of 6 mg/mL dexamethasone-phosphate. With a similar drug concentration and over the same application site, six different horses underwent simultaneous cathodic iontophoresis (4 mA, 40 min) or passive application (0 mA, 40 min) on contralateral limbs. Following all applications, tibiotarsal joint synovium was collected. Local venous blood samples were also collected from the iontophoretic and passive application sites for analysis of plasma drug concentrations. Because of the potential for conversion of dexamethasone-phosphate to dexamethasone, an extraction and analysis protocol was developed for both chemicals. The technique demonstrated a linear range of detection (0.39-12 microg/mL) and a capability for measuring both chemicals in plasma and synovium. Conversion of dexamethasone-phosphate to dexamethasone occurred during synovial incubation (37 degrees C) and following freeze-thaw cycles. In contrast to the measurable synovial concentrations of dexamethasone-phosphate (2.3 +/- 0.96 mg/mL) and dexamethasone (0.27 +/- 0.07 mg/mL) following injection, neither drug was detected in the synovium or the local venous blood following iontophoretic or passive applications. In conclusion, these results do not confirm iontophoretic or passive delivery of measurable dexamethasone-phosphate into the tibiotarsal joint using current clinical methods.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Treatment of plantar verrucae using 2% sodium salicylate iontophoresis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Iontophoretic sodium salicylate treatment of plantar warts was studied. SUBJECTS: Twenty patients with 104 plantar verrucae were studied. METHODS: Two percent sodium salicylate solution was administered iontophoretically (22.5 mA-minute/electrode, 3 treatments at 6- to 9-day intervals). Results. Nineteen subjects were followed. Verrucae area declined in 15 subjects (78.9%) and increased in 2 subjects (10.5%). One subject (5.3%) no longer had verrucae, and 1 subject (5.3%) exhibited no change. Overall, the number of verrucae and total area decreased. Four of 6 subjects (66.6%) with initial complaints of load-bearing pain reported diminished pain following treatment. Two subjects whose verrucae's size increased reported an increase in pain at the end of the study. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Sodium salicylate iontophoresis appeared to compare favorably with other office-based interventions in diminishing the size of plantar warts and their associated pain. Application of iontophoresis to weight-bearing surfaces in some subjects appeared to decrease the pain and scarring associated with freezing and electrocautery and the fixation problems associated with medicated patches.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Dexamethasone iontophoresis: effect on delayed muscle soreness and muscle function.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain alleviating effect of dexamethasone iontophoresis on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) produced via an eccentric exercise bout, and to determine the effect on muscle function. Baseline data were collected on 18 female subjects for maximum isometric knee extension contraction (MVC), knee extension peak torque (PT), knee extension work (W), and muscle soreness perception (SP). All values were subsequently reassessed 24 and 48 hours after a 10-min bout of bench stepping. Immediately following the 24-hr reassessment, the experimental (E) (N = 6) and placebo (P) (N = 6) groups received iontophoresis treatment while the control (C) group (N = 6) received no treatment. Percent deviation from baseline of SP was significantly less at 48 hours (p less than 0.05) for the E group compared to P and C groups. However, MCV, PT, and W were no different between the three groups at 48 hours post muscle soreness bout.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Flattening of atrophic acne scars by using tretinoin by iontophoresis.

Atrophic scars are a frequent consequence of acne, with a negative esthetic and psychological influence. Treatment of atrophic acne scars includes different invasive methods. In our study, we used a noninvasive method with local application of 0.05% tretinoin gel by iontophoresis. In patients with a tendency towards exacerbation, we performed mild peeling with 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution 3-4 times during the treatment. Twenty-minute treatments were applied on 38 patients, 29 women and 9 men, during 3.5 months on average. Median age of patients was 21 years (range, 16-29). Clinical assessment included an assessment of scars, pore size, skin moisture, vascularization, and skin firmness and elasticity. As confirmed by photographs taken before and after therapy, the treatment proved to be clinically effective in decreasing acne scars and persistence of effects. Flattening of acne scars was observed in 79% of the patients. The results depended on duration of scars persistence as well as on a the type of scars. The best results were achieved with younger scars as well as with superficial and ice pick scars. Side effects involved a very mild retinoid dermatitis and more often acne exacerbation. The therapy was clinically effective and the patients accepted the treatment very easily. Local therapy of acne scars with tretinoin by iontophoresis can in some cases successfully replace invasive techniques, and could also be combined with those techniques.

Acne Vulgaris↗

PubMed2006

[Observation on therapeutic effect of TCM iontophoresis on chronic hepatitis with splenomegaly].

OBJECTIVE: To search for an effective therapy for chronic hepatitis with splenomegaly. METHODS: Five hundred and seventy eight cases of chronic hepatitis with splenomegaly were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=292) and a control group (n=286). The two groups were treated with intravenous drip of hepatocyte growth-promoting factors and Danshen Injectio, with TCM iontophoresis added to the treatment group, once daily, 20 sessions constituting one course. After one course, their therapeutic effects were observed. RESULTS: Both the cured rate and the effective rate on splenomegaly were 66.1% and 98.6% in the treatment group, which were higher than 18.2% and 76.2% in the control group. The treatment group in the therapeutic effect in improvement of liver function and attenuation of the spleen and remission of hyperfunction of the spleen was better than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TCM iontophoresis has obvious therapeutic effect on chronic hepatitis with splenomegaly.

Hepatitis, Chronic↗

PubMed1991

The effectiveness of sodium fluoride iontophoresis in patients with sensitive teeth.

This study investigated the use of iontophoresis in altering the sensitivity level of teeth that displayed thermal and tactile hypersensitivity. A total of 95 teeth were treated with an iontophoresis instrument. Forty-eight of these teeth were treated with a placebo of deionized water, and 47 were treated with a 2% sodium fluoride solution. Two of the 47 teeth receiving sodium fluoride had identical pretreatment and posttreatment sensitivity ratings, while 40 teeth (85.1%) demonstrated a reduction in sensitivity. Twenty-nine of the 48 teeth receiving the placebo demonstrated no change in sensitivity. All teeth receiving the placebo were re-treated with sodium fluoride. Forty-seven (97.9%) responded with reduced levels of sensitivity.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed1990

[Primary study of iontophoresis of zinc ion in treatment of retinitis pigmentosa].

We report here the preliminary effects of zinc iontophoresis in treatment of 26 Rp patients who had decreased zinc serum level or abnormal ratio of serum copper to zinc. Through more than 20 to 30 times of therapy, the vision of 15.38% eyes increased more than "3 lines", 4% eyes increased more than 5 degrees in the visual field, 13.46% eyes improved in dark adaptation threshold (greater than 1.0), the visual functions of the rest eyes were slightly improved or unimproved. The fundus didn't change before & after treatment. There were no changes of ERG in 8 eyes of 4 cases. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages between Zn iontophoresis and Zn compound taken orally, the improvement of vision by direct electric current therapy, the relationship between the metabolism of Zn element and Vit A and influence of Zn over the mechanism of dark adaptation were also briefly discussed.

Adaptation, Ocular↗

PubMed1989

Trifluridine decreases ocular HSV-1 recovery, but not herpetic lesions after timolol iontophoresis.

To determine the effect of a topically applied antiviral agent on shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) into the tear film and corneal epithelial lesions, ten rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 were subjected to transcorneal iontophoresis of 0.01% timolol once a day for 3 consecutive days to induce viral shedding and lesions. Iontophoretic induction was performed similarly in five uninfected rabbits as controls. Half of the infected rabbits and all of the uninfected controls received topical 1.0% trifluridine five time a day for 9 days, beginning the day after the first iontophoresis. All eyes were examined daily for 10 days by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and tear film samples collected on swabs were analyzed for virus. In the infected rabbits, the eyes treated with trifluridine had significantly fewer swabs positive for HSV-1 than the untreated eyes (P less than 0.001); however, there was no significant difference in the numbers of lesions in the treated and untreated eyes. The uninfected controls had no positive swabs and developed no lesions. These results suggest that topical treatment with trifluridine may reduce recovery of HSV-1 from the tear film, but does not affect the incidence of iontophoretically induced corneal epithelial lesions.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Treatment of hyperhidrosis manuum by tap water iontophoresis.

In a randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of the effect of treatment with tap water iontophoresis, 11 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis were treated actively on one hand and with placebo on the other. The patients' sweat production was 100% higher (median) than measured in control subjects of the same age and sex. Prior to iontophoresis, the patient's sweat production was the same on both hands but after treatment it was reduced significantly on the treated hand (p less than 0.01) compared with the sweat production prior to treatment as well as with that of the untreated side. An 81% reduction (median) in sweating was found in 6 patients receiving maintenance treatment every second week.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Indications and applications for iontophoresis.

1. As a noninvasive therapy, iontophoresis is growing in popularity among anesthesiologists, pediatricians, general and orthopedic surgeons, burn specialists, and the dental community. 2. As specific conductivity potentials were established for various chemicals and drugs, it has been shown that numerous broad spectrum, site-specific, systemic-acting medications can be directly introduced across intact skin to treat a wide range of maladies. 3. Unlike injectable medications which tend to peak and trough, phoresed medications can be accurately controlled and titrated over a specific period of time. 4. As health professionals re-evaluate where and how care is delivered, many are selecting iontophoresis as a cost-effective alternative to traditional therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed1986

Is cortisone iontophoresis possible?

Iontophoresis (iontotherapy) is sometimes employed to permit epidermal medication. Corticosteroids have been recently one of the most frequently employed, although the literature reports no scientific study demonstrating its effectiveness. This work reports our experimentation on steroid iontophoresis both in vitro and in vivo, to determine whether steroids pass through the skin. Using paper electrophoresis, we first studied the electrophoretic mobility of six water-soluble corticosteroids commercially available in Switzerland. Then an experimental model with two cylinders, one containing a steroid solution and the other filled with buffer solution separated by human skins was submitted to ionization. The in-vivo experimentation consisted in a study of steroid iontotherapy in four rabbits and in 188 patients. Our in-vitro and in-vivo studies failed to demonstrate the transcutaneous migration of corticosteroids.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Treatment of excess sweating of the palms by iontophoresis.

Eighteen subjects were treated for palmar hyperhidrosis by tap water iontophoresis. Only one hand was treated; the other served as a control. Fifteen of the 18 subjects became euhidrotic. Iontophoresis is a suitable alternative to long-term drug therapy and should be offered to patients for the control of palmar hyperhidrosis prior to surgical intervention.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Iontophoresis: mechanism of action studied by potentiometry and x-ray fluorescence.

Physiotherapists often apply electrotherapeutic treatments to the knees with sponges impregnated with potassium iodide (KI). To study the fate of iodine applied in this way, the amount of iodide (I-) that penetrates the skin was determined using an iodide-selective electrode. The I- uptake was shown to take place only when galvanic current was applied. Iontophoresis did not result in superficial migration of the applied ions on the skin from one pole to the other, but led to penetration into the skin. The hyperemia, which occurs at the zone of application during iontophoresis, did not affect the uptake of subsequent treatments. Only very slight differences in uptake were observed for each patient with sequential application, whereas the interindividual differences were more pronounced. Combined evidence from all experiments suggested that about 10% of the applied KI had penetrated the skin. X-ray fluorescence scans of the volunteers' thyroid gland, before and after a series of 10 iontophoretic treatments, to establish whether I- was taken up by the thyroid, showed that the average iodine content of the gland was increased by more than 30%.

Humans↗

PubMed1980

Treatment of hyperhidrosis by tap water iontophoresis.

Iontophoresis has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for hyperhidrosis. The technique is simple and can be used in the practitioner's office. Once patients are euhidrotic, they can be taught to give the treatments to themselves, and the iontophoresis therapy can be continued at home.

Humans↗

PubMed1995

In vivo reduction of bacterial populations in the urinary tract of catheterized sheep by iontophoresis.

PURPOSE: Iontophoresis kills microbes in vitro and, therefore, may be a useful method for eliminating microbial populations associated with catheter-induced urinary tract infections in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Catheters were modified to deliver current to platinum electrodes in the catheter tip. Female sheep were catheterized with this iontophoretic catheter and left ambulatory. In 5 sheep (experimental group) 400 microA was applied to the catheter and withheld in 4 sheep (control group) for 20 to 21 days. The animals were then sacrificed. During the study, types and concentrations of bacteria, and physical and chemical characteristics of the urine samples were determined. RESULTS: Throughout the study, bacteria levels were reduced in urinary tracts of the experimental group (10(3) to 10(4) microbes per ml.) compared with the control group (10(7) microbes per ml.), without extensive alterations to urine chemistry or the sheep urinary tract. CONCLUSIONS: Since iontophoresis safely reduced bacterial populations in catheterized sheep, this technology may reduce or eliminate nosocomial, catheter-induced urinary tract infections in humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Facilitated transdermal delivery of insulin by pulse current iontophoresis].

Facilitated transdermal delivery of insulin by pulse current iontophoresis was investigated. It was found that pulse current iontophoresis can increase the transdermal permeation rate, and there was a positive correlation between reservoir insulin concentration and skin permeation rate of insulin. Moreover, when the reservoir solution pH (3.6) was below the isoelectric point of insulin (pI 5.2), the transdermal permeation rate of insulin was the highest, 324.3 +/- 33.4 microU/(cm2.h). When the pH of the reservoir solution was brought up to 7.4, the transdermal permeation rate of insulin declined markedly to 143.7 +/- 27.3 microU/(cm2.h). When the reservoir solution pH was close to the isoelectric point of insulin, the transdermal permeation rate of insulin was the lowest, 78.4 +/- 21.9 microU/(cm2.h).

Animals↗