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PubMed1976

[Outbreak of paraventricular and ventricular mucormycosis in fattening bulls].

There is a description of mass occurrence of nine cases of acute, fatal paraventricular and ventricular mucormycosis in fattened bulls at the age of about 18 months. In the reticulum, the disease was characterized by numerous ulcerations penetrating into the submucosa. In rumen the deposits were of hemorrhagic character penetrating through a thick muscular layer into the subserosa. Hemorrhagic peritonitis was within the range of those changes. Thromboses of arteries and veins prevailed in the microscopic picture. Inflammatory reparative changes were formed by neutrophile leucocytes. Mucoraceum fibres were demonstrated in pathological manifestations. In three cases, strains of Rhizopus cohnii and Absidia ramosa were cultivated simultaneously from the sub-ulcerous layers in the reticulum. A number of findings testify that the mass occurrence of mucormycosis followed the feeding of mouldy bakery wastes on the basis of acidosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The surgical treatment of a rare pulmonary infection: mucormycosis].

Pulmonary mucormycosis (phycomycosis) is an uncommon infection occurring in immunodepressed or debilitated patients. Mortality is very high. Recovery depends upon underlying disease and upon early diagnosis, although difficult to obtain. Aggressive medical therapy is requested and surgical treatment in some instances is indicated. The following is a report of pulmonary mucormycosis occurring in a man with lymphocytic leukemia under chemotherapy treatment. Surgical treatment was considered as medical treatment had been unsuccessful. No success has been achieved, as also diffuse bone metastases showed up.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1993

[Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus oryzae.A typical case in a cirrhotic patient].

The rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is an acute rapidly progressive fungal infection. This disease is caused by a zygomycetes fungus, most often from the Rhizopus genus. This fungus is saprophitic of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It becomes pathogenic in some particular conditions, specially during diabetes mellitus. Histopathological study is the only method allowing the diagnosis, by revealing the tissue invasion by characteristic hyphae. Mycologic study allows a definitive identification of the fungus. The authors report a case of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a 44 year-old woman with cirrhosis. She presented an acute blindness and ophthalmoplegia. Despite of a rapid histologic diagnosis from the nasal and ethmoidal biopsies, the patient died 3 days after.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Facial paralysis secondary to tympanic mucormycosis: case report.

Mucormycosis is a saprophytic fungal disease. In the region of the head, it has been recognized to invade nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, orbit, or intracranial structures. However, unique involvement of the middle ear, with facial paralysis, still remains unreported. An unusual experience with a diabetic who developed this disease is described. Surgical debridement and amphotericin B administration resulted in near-total cure. The significance of this report is to add a new site involved by mucormycosis, that is, the tympanic cavity.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1996

[Mucormycosis--a rare complication in patients with diabetes mellitus].

Mucormycosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients or in patients with diabetes mellitus. Pathogens are moulds of the mucorales species. The diagnosis is made by histological examination of biopsies. A 39 year-old patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was admitted with a tentative diagnosis of a tumour of the maxilla. After diagnosis of hyphae of the mucorales species, the patient's diabetes was stabilised and he was treated over 17 weeks with amphotericin B (40 mg per day) and made a good recovery. A 58 year-old insulin-dependent patient with ethmoidali and sphenoidali sinusitis did not respond to antibiotic therapy. Mucormycosis was diagnosed by means of biopsy. Although treatment with amphotericin B was started, the patient died after 3 weeks due to multiple organ failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Systemic mucormycosis in dialysis: computed tomography picture and histologic lesions].

Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) is an uncommon mycosis which can be contracted from the environment and which is responsible for rhino-orbital, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cerebral or disseminated infections. Severe immunodepression, such as that caused by leukemia, lymphomata and organ graft, or treatment by desferrioxamine, may predispose to pulmonary and systemic forms. In the present work the authors describe a case of systemic mucormycosis, with unfavourable outcome, which arose in a pediatric peritoneal dialysis patient, then transferred to hemodialysis, without evident predisposing factors. In particular they refer to the CAT reports and to lymphonodal and peritoneal histological lesions which allowed them to attain the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intraconal amphotericin B for the treatment of rhino-orbital mucormycosis.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is a disease that is frequently fatal. A 39-year-old man with diabetic ketoacidosis was referred to the authors' ophthalmic service with fever, orbital apex syndrome in the right eye, lethargy, and a black eschar in the palate. He was treated with systemic and local (intraconal) amphotericin B and his ketoacidosis was controlled; exenteration was not performed. Biopsy of the palate proved mucormycosis. Eighteen months later the patient was still alive and had a blind, anatomically preserved right eye with ptosis and intact extraocular muscle function without proptosis or pain. The authors propose this alternative means of treatment to achieve higher doses of the drug at the site of infection and better cosmetic and psychological results.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in a patient with previous invasive middle ear mucormycosis.

A 52-year-old male diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developed an invasive middle-ear mucormycosis during the neutropenic period after consolidation chemotherapy which resolved successfully with surgery and antifungal therapy. The patient underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT) in first complete remission with antifungal prophylaxis with liposomal amphotericin B (AmB). There was no clinical, radiological or microbiological data of mycotic reactivation. This is the first reported stem cell transplantation (SCT) in a patient with prior invasive mucormycosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[A rare case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis].

The authors describe a rare case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. This is an acute, suppurative mycosis with poor prognosis. It has a particular affinity for rhinocerebral tissue and less frequently affects pulmonary tissue. Mucormycosis affects immunosuppressed patients and more than 75% of the cases involve patients suffering from acidosis, especially diabetic ketoacidosis. One characteristic feature is that the blood vessels are flooded causing thromboses, infarction and emboli. The disease is spread through the blood vessels or by expansion. The first clinical symptoms can be confused with an early stage of acute sinusitis with mucosanguineous rhinorrhea, facial tumescence and pain. In 50% of the cases there is rhinocerebral and orbital involvement. If the disease remains untreated it can prove fatal in 10 to 14 days. Effective treatment relies on an early diagnosis and prompt administration of intravenous amphotericin B as well as avulsion of the necrotic areas. To date only 200 cases of this severe pathology have been described. The present work is an attempt to throw further light on this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Comments on the treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis].

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a serious infectious disease with a high mortality rate that requires early medical treatment. Liposomal amphotericin B is the medical treatment of choice because of its low renal toxicity and good tissue diffusion. Surgical treatment is necessary, even if all affected areas cannot be reached. The surgical indication should be based on individual characteristics and disease evolution. The case of a 56-year-old man with rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus and treated with liposomal amphotericin B and extensive rhino-orbital surgical treatment is commented.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1997

Painless orbital apex syndrome from mucormycosis.

A 66-year-old woman with a history of non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypothyroidism presented with a painless orbital apex syndrome without any sign of orbital cellulitis or acute systemic disease. Her blood glucose was mildly elevated, but there was no diabetic ketoacidosis. Neuroimaging revealed only mild sinus disease. Transnasal sphenoidal mucosal biopsy showed an inflammatory mass with cellular atypia on frozen sections, suggesting squamous cell carcinoma. However, review of the permanent sections showed broad, nonseptate hyphae consistent with mucormycosis. The patient was treated with a 3-month course of intravenous amphotericin B and no further surgery. Examination 3 months after presentation revealed complete resolution of her ocular motility deficits and partial resolution of her optic neuropathy. Mucormycosis should be suspected in any case of orbital apex syndrome, especially in the diabetic patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Mycotic infection with mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis comprises infections caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes (order Mucorales). Clinical infections usually manifest as nasopharyngeal, cutaneous, pulmonary, or disseminated disease. Generally, the infection is found only in immunocompromised hosts. The underlying immunologic defects that are responsible for predisposing different populations of patients to the development of mucormycosis are not well understood. This article retrospectively reviews the experience at the Medical Center of Delaware with this relatively rare fungal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. Review, update and report of a new case].

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that often is fatal. It usually affects diabetic or immunocompromised patients. The site of onset generally is the nasal mucosa and the disease extends rapidly to the palate, orbit and brain. Early diagnosis is important and is based on the clinical features (diabetes, black eschar in nose, palate or face) and demonstration of the characteristic hyphae in the biopsy of the nasal mucosa or oral lesions. Treatment is based on systemic antifungal therapy, radical surgery, and medical management of the underlying disease. A case of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is presented and the world literature is reviewed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Disseminated mucormycosis. A rare case in pediatric intensive care].

A rare case of disseminated mucormycosis occurred in a 3-year-old boy suffering from a 4th degree neuroblastoma, treated with chemiotherapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics is reported. The child was admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit after surgical debridement of a wide part of the bowel showing necrosis and vessel thrombosis. After the histological diagnosis of mucormycosis in the gastrointestinal tract and the echographic detection of multiple mycotic localizations in the liver and kidneys, a treatment with high-dose amphotericin B was carried out. At the same time, the occurrence of anaerobiosis and/or acidosis as well as hyperglycemia was avoided in order to prevent the hyphae growth. This therapeutic strategy has been successful in preventing the infection spread, so that after 10 months from the discharge from the intensive care unit the child is in good health and the liver and kidney lesions are unchanged.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mucormycosis. A case report.

Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection which involves the orofacial region. Depending upon the severity and extent of the spread it may involve the upper respiratory, ocular and intracranial regions. A case of mucormycosis in a 45-year-old male patient presenting as a diffuse swelling of the right side of the face, the right eye and extensive palatal ulceration has been reported and the literature reviewed.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment review in rhinocerebral mucormycosis].

The rhinocerebral mucormycosis is the more common form produced by Rhizopus, a genus of fungi. It's a serious infective disease with high mortality, that needs a precocious medical treatment. Amphotericin B is the choice medical treatment, but liposomal amphotericine B in recent years is a better drug, due to minor renal toxicity and greater tisular diffusion. Even can not to treat all affected areas it's necessary an extensive surgical treatment according to individual characteristics and disease evolution. A 56-year-old man with rhinocerebral mucormycosis, caused by Rhizopus, who was treated with liposomal-amphotericin B and extensive rhino-orbital surgery is presented.

Amphotericin B↗