SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “NEWCASTLE DISEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Antigenic and genotypical characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Taiwan between 1969 and 1996.

Three major epidemics of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in Taiwan over the past three decades (in 1969, 1984, and 1995). In order to gain a better understanding of the relationships between past ND epizootics in Taiwan, 36 ND viruses (NDVs) isolated between 1969 and 1996 were characterized antigenically and genotypically. The antigenicity of these viruses was analysed by their ability to cause binding of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to cell cultures infected with the isolate. Using a panel of 22 mAbs to divide NDVs into subgroups, a total of 18 binding patterns were revealed. The sequences covering the cleavage site of the fusion protein gene of these isolates were also determined. The results of the phylogenetic analysis placed 36 NDVs into I, II, VIb, VIIa, VIII and two novel genotypes (provisionally termed X and VIh). The 1969 velogenic isolates were of genotypes X and VIh; the 1984-1985 velogenic isolates were genotyped VIb, VIh, VIIa, and X; while the 1995-1996 velogenic isolates were genotyped VIIa or VIII. Some 1969 and 1984 velogenic isolates were of the same mAbs binding pattern and genotype, and the mAbs binding patterns of the 1995-1996 isolates have not been seen before. It is concluded that velogenic NDVs of different genotype and antigenic type have co-circulated in Taiwan at least since 1969. Also there were epizootiological links between strains isolated in 1969 and 1984, whereas the 1995-1996 epidemic was caused by new antigenic variants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1976

Dry aerosol vaccination against Newcastle disease. I. Safety and activity controls on chickens.

A new technic or immunization against Newcastle disease in chicken was developed: this method consists of dispersing lyophilized products by aerosols. One to fourteen day old chickens, with and without parental antibodies, were vaccinated with increasing amounts (10(-1) to 10(5)EID50) of HB1 and LaSota attenuated viruses. 10(4)EID50, inhaled theoretical dose, gave better results when the animals were challenged with the virulent strain. Under laboratory conditions, no respiratory problems occurred in vaccinated animals; but there is 10 to 20% mortality among animals treated by aerosols in poultry houses, because of respiratory diseases developed after vaccination.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1997

A differential scanning calorimetric study of Newcastle disease virus: identification of proteins involved in thermal transitions.

The irreversible thermal denaturation of Newcastle disease virus was investigated using different techniques including high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gel analysis intrinsic fluorescence, and neuraminidase activity assays. Application of a successive annealing procedure to the scanning calorimetric endotherm of Newcastle disease virus furnished four elementary thermal transitions below the overall endotherm; these were further identified as coming from the denaturation of each viral protein. The shape of these transitions, as well as their scanrate dependence, was explained by assuming that thermal denaturation takes place according to the kinetic scheme N-->(k)D, where k is a first-order kinetic constant that changes with temperature, as given by the Arrhenius equation; N is the native state; and D is the denatured state. On the basis of this model, activation energy values were calculated. The data obtained with the other methods used in this work support the proposed two-state kinetic model.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗

PubMed1976

A comparison of various routes of Newcastle Disease vaccination at one day of age.

Groups of 100 one-day-old chicks with moderate levels of maternal antibody were vaccinated with the B1 strain of Newcastle disease virus subcutaneously, intratracheally, intraocularly or by aerosol or were left unvaccinated. Certain of these groups were revaccinated at 9 or 9 and 28 days or at 14 or 14 and 28 days with the LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus. Vaccination by all routes at one day of age resulted in an antibody response and increased resistance to challenge. The most effective route was by aerosol followed by the intraocular method. Intratracheal administration or subcutaneous inoculation led to a marginal response. Aerosol administration at 9 or 9 and 28 days or at 14 or 14 and 28 days gave adequate antibody responses and resistance to challenge.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1999

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the F gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from chickens and an owl in Taiwan.

To provide information on the epidemiology of Newcastle disease (ND) of poultry in Taiwan, ND virus isolates from chickens and an owl were investigated by restriction site analysis and sequencing of their gene. A 1,349 base fragment of the F (fusion protein) gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products were analyzed using restriction endonucleases, HinfI, BstOI, and RsaI. Three strains isolated from chickens during the 1995 epidemic outbreak had the same restriction sites as that of a 1994 isolate; the number of the restriction sites of HinfI, BstOI, and RsaI were 4, 2, and 4, respectively. In the F gene of the strain isolated from an owl during the same outbreak an additional restriction site of HinfI was found. The 1991 isolate had only 3 restriction sites. The F gene of the owl isolate was amplified by RT-PCR and followed by direct sequencing. The deduced amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of the F protein was of virulent strains, 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117. The F gene of Ow/Tw/2209/95 was phylogenetically most closely related to that of Ck/Tw/2137/95 isolated from the same outbreak. The present results indicate that the causative virus of the 1995 ND outbreak had already been present in Taiwan.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Serologic detection of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in water fowl using the hemagglutination inhibition test and enzyme immunoassay].

8410 samples from Moscovy duck, Pekin duck and geese were incorporated into examinations of antibodies against the Newcastle Disease virus. A new enzyme-immuno-assay (EIA) for antibody detection in Moscovy duck and Pekin duck was developed using purified antigen from NDV-strain "La Sota". The epidemiology as well as the relation of incidence of the Newcastle Disease in waterfowl was discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Newcastle disease virus (strain Herts 33/56) in tissues and organs of chickens infected experimentally.

Six-week-old susceptible specific pathogen free chickens were infected intranasally with the virulent Newcastle disease virus strain Herts 33/56 and the levels of virus present in blood, faeces, breast muscle, leg muscle and a pool of heart/kidney/spleen were estimated in birds killed humanely at each day post inoculation. Highest titres were recorded at day 4 post inoculation when titres of virus were 10(6) median egg infectious doses (EID50)/g in the heart/kidney/spleen pool, 10(4.2) EID50/g in the leg muscle and 10(4) EID50/g in the breast muscle and faeces. A median oral infectious dose of Newcastle disease virus strain Herts 33/56 for 3-week-old chickens was estimated to be equivalent to 10(4) EID50.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interactions between viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle diseases virus and pet birds of six species. I. Clinical and serologic responses, and viral excretion.

Clinical and serologic responses to a psittacine isolate of viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV) were evaluated in pet birds of six species: budgerigar, yellow-headed Amazon parrot, halfmoon conure, lesser hill mynah, black-headed nun, canary. The clinical response was most marked in the budgerigars, parrots, and conures, and only minimal in the nuns. Between post-exposure days (PED) 3 and 5 some birds developed ruffled plumage, conjunctivitis, and central nervous system dysfunction: ataxia, wing tremors, paralysis of the extremities, and tremors of the head accompanied by nodding and jerking. Mortality by PED 203 was 55% (29/52) in the halfmoon conures, 22% (23/105) in budgerigars, 29% (12/42) in parrots, and 21% (15/71) in nuns. The only clinical signs in canaries and mynahs were progressive death losses, respectively 25% (33/132) and 21% (10/48). The visceral lesions common in chickens with VVNDV were not observed in these six species. Canaries rapidly eliminated Newcastle disease virus (NDV), whereas it was detected for protracted periods in the oral and cloacal secretions of the other five species (for more than a year in parrots). Serologic evaluation by the hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests also indicated prolonged NDV infections in 5 of the 6 species. The seroconversion rate observed in canaries was minimal (13%).

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Newcastle disease outbreaks in domestic fowl and turkeys in Great Britain during 1997.

Between January 6 and April 23, 1997, 11 outbreaks of Newcastle disease were confirmed in Great Britain, four in broiler chickens and seven in turkeys. Although the viruses isolated gave intracerebral pathogenicity indices in day-old chicks between 1.65 and 1.95, the clinical signs of disease in field infections were variable and not always associated with high mortality, especially in turkeys. Epidemiological investigations indicated that the majority of the outbreaks occurred as a result of secondary spread by human agency from two or more primary infected flocks. The presence of similar outbreaks in Scandinavian countries in 1996 and the unusual patterns of movement of migratory birds at the end of 1996 and beginning of 1997 suggest they may have been responsible for the primary introduction of the causative virus into Great Britain.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The occurrence of five major Newcastle disease virus genotypes (II, IV, V, VI and VIIb) in Bulgaria between 1959 and 1996.

Partial sequence and restriction enzyme cleavage site analyses of the fusion protein gene were used to genotype 47 Newcastle disease virus strains isolated between 1959 and 1996 in Bulgaria. Viruses belonged to five major genotypes that appeared to be associated with epizootics characterized by temporal and/or geographical restrictions. Genotype IV viruses (responsible for the European branch of the first panzootic) dominated the scene up to the early 1980s, interspersed with sporadic outbreaks caused by genotype II (US strains causing pneumoencephalitis) viruses. Genotype V viruses (transmitted by psittacines from South America) were first shown in 1973 and persisted until the late 1980s. Genotype VI (earliest members from the Middle-East 1968/70 outbreaks) was represented by scattered isolations between 1974 and 1996. A genotype VIIb (recent Middle East epizootic) virus was isolated as early as in 1984. Newcastle disease epizootics in Bulgaria were highlighted by multiple infection with more than one genotype at any one time.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Newcastle disease antibody titre is dependent on serum calcium concentration.

Chickens were fed diets having optimal, high, and low levels of calcium for 42 days. Serum samples were collected at 14, 28 and 42 days of age, and serum calcium and haemagglutination inhibition titres for Newcastle disease virus were measured. The chickens were vaccinated at 14 days for Newcastle disease. Antibody titres were significantly increased by high dietary calcium and depressed by low dietary calcium. Mean titre was 2.5 (log2) for the optimal diet, 3.2 for the high-calcium diet, and 1.6 for the low-calcium diet. Antibody titres were dependent on serum calcium concentration (r2 = 0.98 at 14 days, 0.99 at 28 days, and 0.78 at 42 days).

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1980

[Comparative pathomorphological studies of turkeys and hens experimentally infected with Newcastle disease virus].

Comparative pathomorphologic studies were carried out with 40 birds (29 turkeys and 11 hens) infected per os with 0.5 cc embryonal fluid 10(5) ELD 50 each with two Newcastle disease virus strains (Texas -- standard and 7/5 isolated from dead hens and typed as viscerotropic). It was found that the pathoanatomical picture is negative for all birds experimentally infected with the Texas strain. Haemorrhagic necrotic modification of the glandular stomach and intestine were found in birds infected with strain 7/5. The pathoanatomical finding is better expressed in hens compared with that for turkeys. The histologic modification in birds infected with strain Texas were manifested mostly by nonsuppurative encephalitis. Haemorrhagic-diphtheroid inflammation of the alimentary tract, haemorrhages in the viscera and unreactive necrotic foci in the spleen as well as poorly manifested inflammatory changes in the central nervous system were found in birds infected with strain 7/5. No pathoanatomical modifications for Newcastle disease were found in turkeys, analogous to hens, infected with velogenic neurotropic virus. The velogenic viscerotropic strain is less pathogenic for turkeys than for hens. It causes slighter haemorrhagic necrotic modification in turkeys viscera than in hens. Nonsuppurative encephalitis established histologically in both turkeys and hens infected with neurotropic and viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus is a constant finding and may be used as a diagnostic sign of the disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Comparison of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from cormorants in Canada and the USA in 1975, 1990 and 1992.

Seventeen Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from cormorants, turkeys, a pelican, and a gull in Canada and the USA collected in 1975, 1990 and 1992 were analyzed for relatedness by monoclonal antibody profiling. In addition, nucleotide sequence analysis was performed in two areas of the fusion (F) gene for 5 of the isolates. No difference in the antigenicity of these 17 viruses, as determined by monoclonal antibody binding patterns, was seen. The amino acid sequences obtained via nucleotide sequencing at the cleavage site of the F protein showed that all the isolates tested had two pairs of basic amino acids immediately upstream of the cleavage site, and a phenylalanine residue at the N-terminus of the F1 protein, which is consistent with velogenic NDV. The deduced amino acid sequence obtained at the cleavage site of the F protein from 6 of the isolates was virtually identical regardless of the species, year of isolation, or location. However, the 1975 cormorant isolate showed marked differences from the 1990-1992 isolates in the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the F gene signal region. These data indicate that the 1990 and 1992 outbreaks were caused by the same epizootic virus and further suggest that the population of NDV in these wild birds may be very stable. The belief that the velogenic NDV circulating in cormorants in 1992 was transmitted into the free-ranging turkey flocks located near the cormorants in North Dakota is supported by the present study in which no distinction could be made between the viruses isolated from turkeys or wild birds.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic findings in the 1992 epornitic of neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from the upper midwestern United States.

Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease (NVND) occurred in juvenile double-crested cormorants, Phalacrocorax auritus, simultaneously in nesting colonies in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska and in Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, and Ontario during the summer of 1992. Mortality as high as 80%-90% was estimated in some of the nesting colonies. Clinical signs observed in 4- to 6-wk-old cormorants included torticollis, tremors, ataxia, curled toes, and paresis or weakness of legs, wings or both, which was sometimes unilateral. No significant mortality or unusual clinical signs were seen in adult cormorants. Necropsy of 88 cormorants yielded no consistent gross observations. Microscopic lesions in the brain and spinal cord were consistently present in all cormorants from which Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated. Characteristic brain lesions provided rapid identification of new suspect sites of NVND. Lesions were also present in the heart, kidney, proventriculus, spleen, and pancreas but were less consistent or nonspecific. NDV was isolated at the National Wildlife Health Center from 27 of 93 cormorants tested. Virus was most frequently isolated from intestine or brain tissue of cormorants submitted within the first 4 wk of the epornitic. Sera collected from cormorants with neurologic signs were consistently positive for NDV antibody. The NDV isolate from cormorants was characterized as NVND virus at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, Iowa. The NVND virus was also identified as the cause of neurologic disease in a North Dakota turkey flock during the summer of 1992. Although no virus was isolated from cormorants tested after the first month of submission, brain and spinal cord lesions characteristic of NVND were observed in cormorants from affected sites for 2 mo, at which time nesting colonies dispersed and no more submissions were received. Risk to susceptible populations of both wild avian species and domestic poultry makes early recognition and confirmation of NVND in wild birds a priority.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Comparison of live Newcastle disease vaccines in a simple vaccination and challenge experiment.

Groups of day-old chicks with haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies (HIA) were exposed by the spray method to equal doses of three different live Newcastle disease (ND) commercial vaccines and allantoic preparations of them. After three weeks the HIA response was measured and the chicks were challenged with a pathogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The degree of protection of each bird was compared with its HIA response. The commercial vaccines all provided good protection at identical levels, but significant differences were detected between the allantoic fluid preparations. Two of the commercial vaccines produced significantly better protection than the allantoic fluid preparations. In addition to the protection conferred by HIA antibody, other mechanisms of protection apparently played a part.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2004

Differential detection of Newcastle disease virus strains by degenerate primers based RT-PCR.

Degenerate primers based RT-PCR (previously described by [Avian Dis 26 (1997) 837]) has been used for the detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease (ND) viruses. Two sets of primers (A+B and A+C), with common forward primer and distinct reverse degenerate primers, designed from fusion protein gene encoding for cleavage site, could differentiate virulent and avirulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). Both sets of primers amplified "F" gene sequence of virulent (velogenic and mesogenic) viruses, whereas in avirulent strains, amplification was only with primer set A+C. Total 10 NDV isolates and two clinical samples including both known and unknown pathotypes, were checked. Based on amplification results 5 viruses were found to be virulent type and 6 as avirulent with one of the two clinical samples, earlier positive by RT-PCR using non-degenerate "F" gene specific primers was found negative in this study. The technique has been found to be a simple and quick for the detection and differentiation of virulent and avirulent NDV, which is important for control of the disease in the events of the outbreaks.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Reciprocal antibody and complement responses of two chicken breeds to vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus.

Serum antibody responses and haemolytic complement activity were evaluated in White Leghorn (WLH) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens that were vaccinated with live-attenuated vaccines of Newcastle disease virus, or infectious bronchitis virus, or infectious bursal disease virus by means of ocular challenge at 10 times the normal vaccination dose. Complement titres in non-vaccinated birds were significantly higher in WLH birds compared to RIR birds. The lentogenic viral infection resulted in an immediate stimulation of complement activity, followed by a decrease to initial complement levels within 2 weeks post vaccination, when the antibody response took over immune defence. As compared to WLH chickens, RIR birds mounted a faster and significantly higher antibody response to the vaccine viruses used. In WLH hens, significantly higher haemolytic complement activity post vaccination was found as compared to RIR hens. Possible consequences of the observed differences in immune responsiveness of the two breeds to viral vaccines are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increased mortality in turkeys selected for increased body weight following vaccination with a live Newcastle disease virus vaccine.

Candidate male and female breeders from nine genetic lines of turkeys that were reared intermingled, with the sexes housed in different buildings on the same farm, were vaccinated with a live Newcastle disease virus vaccine (B1 type, LaSota) just prior to the commencement of egg production. In 1999, an average mortality for all lines of 5.8% occurred during the 10 days immediately following vaccination and the level of mortality varied among lines. Mortality was, in general, greater in large-bodied lines than in small-bodied lines. Affected birds exhibited gross multiple areas of focal necrosis in the liver and spleen and congestion of the heart and lungs. The percentage mortality occurring following similar vaccination in 2000 averaged 2.6 for the 10 days following vaccination and mortality was greater (P < or = 0.05) in one line (F line) than the other genetic groups and higher in females than in males. Mortality in the F line, selected for increased body weight and known to be susceptible to various diseases, averaged 15.1% for both years. Attempts failed in both years to isolate Pasteurella multocida or other bacteria. There was a positive correlation between increased body weight and increased mortality following vaccination with the live LaSota vaccine.

Animals↗