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PubMed1989

Iliopsoas myofascial dysfunction: a treatable cause of "failed" low back syndrome.

Most patients with low back pain experience loss of spinal and hip extension range of motion. The limitation appears to involve significant iliopsoas myofascial dysfunction manifested in tenderness, as shown by deep abdominal palpation of the psoas muscle, hip flexor contracture, pain elicited by the stretch maneuver of the spine and hip, and relative weakness of the psoas muscle when tested manually. These signs assisted in identifying the source of low back pain in six patients who had failed to respond to prior treatment. Therapy consisted of iliopsoas trigger point treatment using a dry needling technique, followed by self-administered postisometric relaxation exercise of the iliopsoas. In all cases, marked improvement of hip and spine extension, dramatic reduction of pain, and return to normal activity resulted. Given the low risk-to-benefit ratio, trigger point treatment is indicated in "failed back syndrome" and chronic low back pain after conservative therapy or surgery have been tried without success.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1983

The effect of cross-innervation on the tropomyosin composition of rabbit skeletal muscle.

Soleus, semitendinosus and crureus muscles of the rabbit were found to contain alpha- and beta-tropomyosin subunits and additional forms that have been provisionally designated gamma and delta. Extensor digitorum longus and psoas muscles contained only alpha and beta subunits, the relative proportions of which varied between single fibres of psoas muscle. On cross-innervation of rabbit soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, the fraction of the total tropomyosin present as the beta subunit remained constant. The relative proportions of alpha, gamma and delta subunits changed as would be expected from the change in speed that occurred.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

How reliable is lumbar nerve root sheath infiltration?

To determine the reliability of lumbar nerve root sheath infiltration, a prospective study was performed. Ninety-four patients were randomized into three groups. In the first group of 33 patients, 0.5 cc of dye (Telebrix N, 30 g) was applied at nerve root L4, in the second group of 30 patients, 1.0 cc, and in the third group of 31 patients, 2.0 cc. The infiltration was guided by computer tomography. The diffusion of the dye was documented with computed tomography of the affected segment L4-5. The images were evaluated by an unbiased observer. The results showed that in the first group the dye diffused to the adjacent ipsilateral nerve roots L3 and/or L5 in nine patients. In the second and third groups this diffusion was seen in 9 and 11 patients, respectively. A diffusion into the psoas muscle was documented in 4, 10 and 22 patients, respectively. These latter differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Diffusion into the psoas muscle is especially important because the nerve roots converge in this muscle to become a plexus, and they are no longer surrounded by their dural sheaths. Diagnostic lumbar nerve root sheath infiltration should be performed by an experienced examiner. To guarantee high reliability, the tip of the needle should be placed as near as possible to the affected nerve root. The amount of local anaesthetic should be as small as possible, 0.5 cc or preferably less.

Anesthetics, Local↗

PubMed1989

Psoas nodes--an overlooked site of metastasis from testicular tumours.

This paper describes six patients with testicular tumours in whom computed tomography (CT) scanning at presentation (one case) or relapse (five cases) showed metastases to sites on the psoas muscle at, or below, the level of the aortic bifurcation. Evidence for the existence of retroperitoneal lymph nodes low on the psoas muscles is presented and the importance of recognising this as a possible site of metastasis from testicular tumours is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Measurement of nucleotide release kinetics in single skeletal muscle myofibrils during isometric and isovelocity contractions using fluorescence microscopy.

Rabbit psoas muscle myofibrils, in the presence of the fluorescent nucleotide analog 2'(3')-O-[N-[2-[[Cy3]amido]ethyl]carbamoyl]-adenosine 5' triphosphate (Cy3-EDA-ATP), showed selective fluorescence staining of the A-band with a reduced fluorescence at the M-line. Addition of Cy3-EDA-ATP to a myofibril in the presence of Ca2+ caused auxotonic shortening against a compliant glass microneedle. These results indicate that Cy3-EDA-ATP is a substrate for myosin in the myofibril system. The kinetics of nucleotide release from a single myofibril, held isometrically between two needles, were measured by the displacement of prebound Cy3-EDA-ATP on flash photolysis of caged ATP. The A-band fluorescence of the myofibril decayed exponentially with a rate constant of 0.3 s(-1) at 8 degrees C, an order of magnitude faster than that for isolated thick filaments in the absence of actin. When a myofibril was imposed to shorten with a constant velocity by a piezoelectric actuator, the nucleotide displacement rate constant initially increased to 0.7 s(-1) with increasing shortening velocity and then declined with a further increase in shortening velocity. These results demonstrate that the displacement rates of Cy3-EDA-nucleotides bound to the cross-bridges in the contracting myofibril reflect a process that shows strain dependence.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1993

Elementary steps of contraction probed by sinusoidal analysis technique in rabbit psoas fibers.

Elementary steps of contraction were probed by sinusoidal analysis technique in skinned fibers from the rabbit psoas muscle during maximal Ca2+ activation (pCa 4.55-4.82) at 20 degrees C and 200 mM ionic strength. Our study included the effects of MgATP, MgADP, and Pi concentrations, and an ATP hydrolysis rate measurement. We increased the frequency range up to 350 Hz, and resolved an extra process (D), in addition to well defined processes (A), (B), and (C). Based on these studies, we established a cross-bridge scheme consisting of six attached states, one detached state, and transitions between these states. We deduced all kinetic constants to specify the scheme. The scheme uniquely explains our data, and no other scheme with an equal degree of simplicity could explain our data. We correlated process (D) to ATP isomerization, process (C) to cross-bridge detachment, and process (B) to cross-bridge attachment. We deduced the tension per cross-bridge state, which indicates that force is generated on cross-bridge attachment and before Pi-release. We also found that the rate constants of elementary steps become progressively slower starting from ATP binding to the myosin head and ending by ADP isomerization, and this stepwise slowing may be the essential and integral part of the energy transduction mechanism by muscle.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis induced by insoluble particulates: a case report.

The authors report a case of a 39-year-old woman who sustained an injury to her left knee requiring arthroscopic surgical medial menisectomy and ganglionic block for reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Approximately 1 year after injury, the patient presented with an elevated white blood cell count and fever and was diagnosed to have a psoas muscle abscess, which was treated with antibiotics. She was also taking 4 different oral medications that contained microcrystalline cellulose as a filter. Approximately 1 month after being diagnosed with the psoas muscle abscess, the patient developed shortness of breath, marked weakness, diaphoresis, and intermittent emesis. She became hypotensive and tachyneic and expired. Postmortem examination showed granulomatous vasculitis with extensive occlusions of pulmonary arteries by birefringent crystalline material identified to be cellulose histochemically and by analytical electron microscopy evaluation. This case report describes the ultrastructural and chemical features of various medicinal tablet fillers and compares them to pure samples. This report also demonstrates the usefulness of analytical electron microscopy in accurately identifying birefringent material in lung tissue.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Inhibition of aging changes by lyophilized Streptococcus faecalis in diet.

Effects of dietary Streptococcus faecalis (SF) on aging were evaluated using 1-week, 6-month, and 27-month-old Wistar and SHR rats. SF was lyophilized and added to commercial pellets at 1%. SF inhibited hypertension in aging SHR. SF inhibited aging-related changes in a wide variety of tissues. These changes were a disarray of hepatic cords, portal fibrosis; calcification of cartilage matrix, dominance of chondroitin sulfate B, and keratosulfate over chondroitin sulfates A and C; aortic endothelial damage, segmental thickening, calcification, and chondroid cells in the intima; atrophy of epidermis and appendages, and increase in amorphous dermal matrix; waxy degeneration and atrophy of psoas muscles; increase in lipoperoxides in the serum, liver, and brain; and reduction of cyclic AMP and GMP in the serum. Histological changes of the xyphoid cartilage, aorta, mesenteric artery, liver, dorsal skin, and psoas muscles in 27-month-old SF rats were much less severe than those in controls.

Aging↗

PubMed1984

Development of human fetal muscles: a comparative histochemical analysis of the psoas and the quadriceps muscles.

The development of human muscle can be divided into three distinct phases on the basis of the enzyme histochemistry (Dubowitz 1965). On the other hand, muscles can be classified into trunk muscles innervated by the motoneurons in the anteromedial nucleus of the anterior horn and limb muscles innervated by those of the lateral nucleus. We compared histochemically the development of the psoas muscle as a trunk muscle with the quadriceps. Four legally aborted fetuses and sixteen autopsied preterm or full-term infants with conceptional ages ranging from sixteen to fourty-two weeks, served as subjects. Serial crossly cut frozen sections of the psoas and the quadriceps were stained with HE, modified Gomori-trichrome, NADH-TR, myofibrillar ATPase (routine, preincubation at pH 4.6, 4.3), and analyzed quantitatively. In the psoas and the quadriceps, all muscles consisted of undifferentiated type IIC fibers before the eighteenth week of gestation. Type I fiber began to appear around the eighteenth week in both muscles. Before the thirtieth week, both muscles comprised a great number of smaller type IIC fibers and scattered large type I fibers. The psoas had already a little more type I fibers than the quadriceps in this phase. After the thirtieth week, the percentage of type I fibers increased greatly to about 50% at term in the psoas, gradually to 20-23% at term in the quadriceps. Type IIA and IIB fibers appeared suddenly around the thirty-seventh week. Total percentage of these two type fibers increased at term to about 50% and 70% in the psoas and the quadriceps, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed2003

Successful long-term disease-free survival following multimodal treatments in a patient with a repeatedly recurrent refractory adrenal cortical carcinoma.

A 47-year-old male patient underwent surgery for a 10-cm adrenal cortical carcinoma. A large invasive adrenal mass was surgically removed en bloc with the right kidney and the lower lobe of the liver. Two months postoperatively, a 7-cm recurrent mass developed in the right psoas muscle. After a partial response was achieved by irradiation (40 Gy) and high-dose chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide) with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, the patient underwent surgery with a wide excision of the psoas muscle. Twelve months after the initial surgery, an 8-cm rib metastasis developed and the patient again underwent surgery after a combination of irradiation (50 Gy) and chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide). The patient has been doing well without any evidence of recurrence for 5 years. Refractory or metastatic adrenal cortical carcinomas have been thought to be lethal, therefore, the present case provides support for multimodal treatments of refractory adrenocortical cancers.

Adrenocortical Carcinoma↗

PubMed1987

The retropsoas recess. Demonstration using computed tomography.

The retropsoas recess, a previously undescribed normal anatomic variant, is reported. In most individuals, the space posterior to the belly of the psoas muscle contains fat within the posterior pararenal space. However, a retrospective review of 250 consecutive CT examinations of the abdomen revealed 11 cases (4.4%) in which bowel loops extended at least partially posterior to the psoas muscle. Unilateral left-sided occurrence was present in seven, with four bilateral. Colon was invaginated in five, small intestine in four, and both colon and small intestine in one. There was no age or sex predominance. A paucity of retroperitoneal fat is the primary predisposing factor for development of a retropsoas recess. Although recognition of this normal variant is generally not difficult, the CT appearance may mimic a retroperitoneal mass or abscess in less-than-ideal examinations or targeted studies. The potential presence of bowel loops in this location should be considered during interventional procedures.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2006

Mechanical strength of sarcomere structures of skeletal myofibrils studied by submicromanipulation.

The mechanical strength of sarcomere structures of skeletal muscle was studied by rupturing single myofibrils of rabbit psoas muscle by submicromanipulation techniques. Microbeads coated with alpha-actinin were attached to the surface of myofibrils immobilized to coverslip. By use of either optical tweezers or atomic force microscope, the attached beads were captured and detached from the myofibrils. During the detachment of the beads, the actin filaments bound specifically to the beads were peeled off from the bulk structures of myofibrils, thus rupturing the peripheral components of the myofibrils bound to the actin filaments. By analyzing the ruptures thus produced in various myofibril preparations, it was found that the sarcomere structure of myofibrils is maintained by numerous molecular components having the mechanical strength sufficient to sustain the contractile force produced by the actomyosin system. The present techniques could be applied to study the mechanical strength of cellular organelles containing actin filaments as their component.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗

PubMed1998

Distributions of calcium in A and I bands of skinned vertebrate muscle fibers stretched to beyond filament overlap.

Measurements were made of the distributions of total calcium along the length of A and I bands in skinned frog semitendinosus muscles using electron probe x-ray microanalysis. Since calcium in the water space was kept below the detection limit of the technique, the signal was assumed to reflect the distribution of calcium bound to myofilament proteins. Data from sarcomeres with overlap between thick and thin filaments showed enhancement of calcium in this region, as previously demonstrated in rabbit psoas muscle fibers in rigor (Cantino, M. E., T. S. Allen, and A. M. Gordon. 1993. Subsarcomeric distribution of calcium in demembranated fibers of rabbit psoas muscle. Biophys. J. 64:211-222). Such enhancement could arise from intrinsic non-uniformities in calcium binding to either thick or thin filaments or from enhancement of calcium binding to either filament by rigor cross-bridge attachment. To test for intrinsic variations in calcium binding, calcium distributions were determined in fibers stretched to beyond filament overlap. Calcium binding was found to be relatively uniform along both thick and thin filaments, and therefore cannot account for the increased calcium observed in the overlap region. From these results it can be concluded that the observed enhancement of calcium is due to an increase in calcium binding to myofilaments as a result of rigor attachment of cross-bridges to actin. The source of the enhancement is most likely an increase in calcium binding to troponin, although enhancement of calcium binding to myosin light chains cannot be ruled out.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Surgical strategy for spondylodiscitis due to Candida albicans in an immunocompromised host.

A 44-year-old woman receiving systemic chemotherapy for cerebellar medulloblastoma developed thoracolumbar spondylodiscitis due to Candida albicans associated with abscesses in the bilateral psoas muscles. As long-term medical therapy with fluconazole was not effective, radical removal of the affected lesions and anterior bone grafting were performed. Corpectomy of the infected vertebra with autologous bone grafting and removal of the psoas muscle were performed via the right transthoracic retroperitoneal approach. Additional posterior instrumentation was not used. Two years after the operation, the patient was doing well, and systemic chemotherapy for medulloblastoma has restarted. Corpectomy with radical resection of surrounding infectious tissues for C. albicans spondylodiscitis in an immunocompromised host should be performed when conservative medical treatment is not successful. Further instrumentation surgery might be necessary to prevent further deformity of the spine as the second surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

A pre-active attached state of myosin heads in rat skeletal muscles.

X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on rat soleus and psoas muscles using synchrotron radiation from a multipole wiggler. The X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded at a time resolution of 16.7 ms with an X-ray image intensifier and a CCD video camera. A bundle of 10-15 muscle fibres was activated by photorelease of 2.2 mM ATP from 7 mM caged-ATP at 15 degrees C. In soleus muscle fibres in the presence of 40 microns Ca2+, the tension developed with a half-time of 0.13 s. The intensities of the (1,1) equatorial reflection and the actin layer-lines at 1/36 nm-1 and 1/5.9 nm-1 decreased from their rigor values in the first 16.7 ms frame to a level higher than in the resting state, and then remained unchanged during the tension development. The intensity of the 14.5 nm meridional reflection increased as the tension developed. These results show that after the ATP release some myosin heads are stereospecifically attached to actin well before tension development, and suggest that their number does not change markedly on contraction.

Actins↗

PubMed1998

Abdominoinguinal incision in adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid or cecum: report of two cases.

PURPOSE: This study illustrates a technique allowing resection of a sigmoid adenocarcinoma with lateral fixation and a cecal adenocarcinoma with involvement of the psoas muscle and ureter. METHODS: The abdominoinguinal incision, an incision used in the resection of a sarcoma of the lower abdominal quadrants, was applied in the case of a sigmoid adenocarcinoma with posterolateral fixation and infiltration of the anterior abdominal wall and in a case of a cecal adenocarcinoma involving the right psoas muscle and ureter. RESULTS: In the first case, resection of the tumor mass en bloc with resection of the sigmoid and lower anterior abdominal wall muscles, including the inguinal ligament, was performed. Reconstruction of the muscular fascial defect was done with the rotation of a right rectus abdominis flap. The patient was well 12 months later. In the second case, the cecal carcinoma was resected en bloc with the right psoas and ureter; a right nephrectomy was also performed. This patient was well eight months later. CONCLUSIONS: The abdominoinguinal incision may provide the exposure needed to allow the resection of a sigmoid or a cecal adenocarcinoma with posterolateral fixation, often considered unresectable with conventional abdominal incisions.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Abscesses of psoas in diabetic patients: anatomo-clinical and therapeutical peculiarities].

Difficulties of diagnosis and of an adequate treatment of psoas muscle abscesses are increased by the evolution of the suppurative process in diabetic patients. We review 3 cases of poses muscle abscesses, characterized by a long-term evolution until revealing the initial source of the abscess and by particular clinical features, due to the exteriorization of suppuration far away from its source (retrosacral, hip, thigh). Computerized tomography is essential for diagnosis and for an accurate therapeutical approach, consisting in incision and drainage of primary abscess in psoas muscle and of its expansions as well in the same time, with an adequate antibiotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

The structure of A segments from glycerinated skeletal muscle.

The A band of skeletal muscle consists of an array of thick myosin-containing filaments along with non-myosin proteins such as C protein and M line protein. In order to study the arrangement of the myosin and non-myosin components, A segments which are aggregations of thick filaments held together at the M line were prepared from glycerinated chicken pectoral and rabbit psoas muscles and examined by electron microscopy. Details of the preparative technique and comparison of the morphologies of A segments and I segments are provided. The A segments from chicken pectoral muscle exhibited 11 to 12 stripes in each half lateral to the bare zone. Several less distinct bands as well as subdivisions of the individual stripes were also observed. The periodicity of the major stripes in the A segments was 424 +/- 10 A. The A segments prepared from rabbit psoas muscle had a periodicity of 432 +/- 13 A, but in contrast with chicken A segments, fewer rabbit A segments showed this periodicity. We conclude that A segments can be separated from glycerinated chicken and rabbit skeletal muscles and compare our results with those of others who prepared A segments from frog and rabbit skeletal muscles in the absence of glycerol.

Animals↗