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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Possible "accelerated striatal aging" induced by 56Fe heavy-particle irradiation: implications for manned space flights.

The present experiments were carried out to determine the effects of energy deposition from energetic iron (56Fe particles, an important component of cosmic rays) on motor behavioral performance and to determine if the observed deficits were caused by alterations in the neostriatum (an important motor control area). Neostriatal function was assessed with two correlated parameters, i.e., motor behavioral performance (wire suspension task), and oxotremorine-enhanced K(+)-evoked release of dopamine from perifused striatal slices. Rats were exposed to one of several doses of 56Fe-particle irradiation (0.10-1.0 Gy) and tested on a wire suspension task at 3-180 days postirradiation. Results indicated that profound decrements occurred in both of these indices. The effects on K(+)-evoked release of dopamine were evident for as long as 180 days after irradiation, and a subsequent experiment indicated that these effects appeared as early as 12 h postirradiation. Since similar findings have been observed in aged rats, the results are discussed in terms of these particles producing a possible accelerated striatal aging effect.

Aging↗

PubMed1990

Effect of accelerated iron ions on the retina.

The eyes of rats were exposed to doses of 0.1 and 2.5 Gy of 450-MeV/amu 56Fe particles (LET approximately 195 keV/microns). The beam axes were oriented perpendicular to the central retina of the animals. Retinas were harvested immediately (less than 10 min), 24 h, 15 days, 136 days, and 186 days after the experiment. The retinas of animals of equivalent ages were sampled at the same intervals. By Day 15, the spatial densities of the pigment epithelial, photoreceptor, and bipolar cells in retinas irradiated with 2.5 Gy were 15 to 20% lower than those of the controls. The cellular density of the pigment epithelium returned to the control level by Day 186 while photoreceptor and bipolar cell numbers remained depressed. One and fifteen days after irradiation, the choroidal vessels showed signs of radiation damage. Exposure to 0.1 Gy did not affect the cellular density within the retina at the interval examined (186 days). None of the retinas showed evidence of track-specific injury that could be interpreted as microlesions or tunnel lesions.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Evaluation of an innovative plastic cube phantom designed to improve the efficiency of accelerator QA.

A new cubic phantom was designed to improve the efficiency on the QA measurement of accelerator. It has a variety of applications, such as dose constancy check, depth dose verifications, and symmetry and flatness evaluations. In particular, this new design makes it much easier to perform the check on output constancy vs. gantry angles as a cylindrical ion chamber positioned at the center of the phantom. The reproducibility of the setup using this phantom has been investigated. The charge effect of the phantom is found to be insignificant. It also reduces the monthly dosimetric QA time spent on a typical multimodality accelerator by approximately 40%.

Electrons↗

PubMed1999

Two-dimensional kinetic models for radiotherapy planning quality assurance.

For treatment planning, the visualization of the direction and orientation of a beam, specified by a set of machine angles, can sometimes be very difficult. A set of simple two-dimensional kinetic models has been prepared. These show the angular and field conventions of the local linear accelerators.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed1983

[The first linear electron accelerator, the Therac 15 Saturne, in clinical service. I. Technical data and measurements in photon radiation].

A report is given about the linear electron accelerator operating at the Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus in Essen. This is the first accelerator of the type Therac Saturne supplied for 15 MeV. Besides a description of the most important technical data and the service instructions, dosimetric data for 12 MV photon radiation are presented. The authors communicate the clinical experiences gained hitherto with the accelerator and the patient-orientated verification and recording system which has still to be improved, especially as far as the recording part is concerned. The accelerator meets the requirements of radiologic oncology.

Documentation↗

PubMed1983

[Analytical description of the dose fields from accelerated electrons].

The paper is concerned with simple expressions describing dose fields in the water phantom from the betatron B5M-25 electron beam using the Fermi-Dirae distribution function. The peculiarity of these expressions is the utilization of such parameters that reflect the main characteristics of a dose field--the depth of distribution of 50% of the isodose and projection of the zone of a dose decline along the beam axis and in its transverse cross section. The expressions proposed here could be also used for other electron accelerators.

Electrons↗

PubMed1990